Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective:To explore the significance of laparoscopic virtual reality simulation training by analyzing the learning curve of laparoscopic cholecystectomy among young general surgeons who had participated in laparoscopic skills training at our hospital.Methods:Fifty young surgeons were divided into two groups, with the intervention group participating in virtual reality simulation training and the control group participating in traditional laparoscopic clinical training. After completion of the training, 30 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed under the supervision of highly qualified surgeons with extensive laparoscopic experience. CUSUM analysis was applied to plot the trainees' surgical learning curve based on the completion rate, surgical score and operative time. " x" is the number of surgical cases and " k" is the slope. The value of x when k=0 was calculated and the surgical learning curves and intraoperative scores of the 2 groups of trainees were compared. SPSS 23.00 was performed for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The intervention and control groups crossed the surgical learning curve at x=19.24±0.39 and x=21.72±0.73 respectively, with significant differences ( P<0.01); the intervention and control groups scored (10.82±2.73) and (9.71±2.69) for gallbladder exposure ( t=4.61, P<0.01), (12.59±3.12) and (8.87±2.99) for gallbladder dissection triangle ( t=6.21, P<0.01), and (10.69±3.38) and (8.80±3.55) for gallbladder dissection ( t=3.10, P<0.01). Conclusions:Virtual reality simulation training can facilitate the translation of basic laparoscopic training skills into clinical skills and can promote the growth of young general surgeons.

Objective : To investigate the killing effect of Rhodium nanoparticles loaded composite hydrogel NPN + Rh⁃PEG NPs (NRP) on pancreatic cancer BxPC⁃3 cells . Methods : Block copolymers were synthesized using atomtransfer radical polymerization (ATRP) , followed by the synthesis of PEG⁃modified Rhodium nanoparticles through an aqueous method . A premixed solution was prepared by ultrasonication and then heated to synthesize the composite hydrogel NRP loaded with nanoparticles . It was then characterized and its catalytic properties were verified . The morphology of Rhodium nanoparticles and the composite hydrogel NRP was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy . The thermal imaging instrument was used to detect the photothermal properties of the composite hydrogel NRP , and then the growth inhibitory effect on BxPC⁃3 cells was observed using the MTT and live⁃dead staining methods . Finally , its biological safety was verified using MTT and blood compatibility testing . Results: Rh⁃PEG with a particle size of about 10 nm was successfully prepared . The composite hydrogel showed porous structure under cryo scanning electron microscope , and Rhodium was evenly distributed in the composite hydrogel . Under the irradiation of 808 nm near⁃infrared light (NIR) with a laser power of 1 W/cm2 , the ability of 80 μg/ml NRP to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) was 19 . 6 times that of pure hydrogel (NPN) (P < 0. 05) . Under light conditions , the catalytic decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide was as high as 96. 8% . Under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR with a laser power of 1 W/cm2 , the temperature of 80 μg/ml NRP could rise to 58. 9 ℃ within 5 minutes . MTT results showed that the survival rate of BxPC⁃3 cells was the lowest , only 14. 8% , after 40 μg/ml NRP was irradiated with 1 W/cm2 of 808 nm NIR . The results of live dead cell staining proved that the cell killing effect of 40 μg/ml NRP under light irradiation was stronger than that without 808 nm NIR irradiation . Conclusion The composite hydrogel NRP uniformly loaded with Rhodium nanoparticles can effectively enhance the killing effect on pancreatic cancer BxPC⁃3 cells .

Objective To explore the characteristics of plantar pressure of ankle joints at different limb laterality and different stress positions. Methods Twenty-three healthy subjects were recruited to perform walking trails. Each subject was tested for plantar pressure in ankle neutral position, ankle inversion and ankle eversion through simple custom-designed walkways and plantar pressure plate. The evaluation indices were peak pressure, contact area, contact time percentage, M/L (ratio of sum of medial plantar peak pressure to sum of lateral peak pressure), A/P (ratio of sum of toe peak pressure to heel peak pressure). Results The peak pressure of the first metatarsus bone in the dominant foot was significantly larger than that in the non-dominant foot, and the peak pressure of the fifth metatarsus bone was significantly smaller than that on the non-dominant foot. The M/L of dominant side was significantly larger than that of the non-dominant side. Except for the peak pressures of the mid-foot and the first toe, there were significant differences in other regions among the three ankle positions. The percentage of contact time in each area during inversion was greater than that in neutral position, and the percentage of contact time of plantar regions during eversion was longer than that in neutral position except the second toe. The M/L in inversion, neutral and eversion position were 1.24±0.46, 1.06±0.26, 0.88±0.25. The M/L of dominant foot was greater than that of the non-dominant foot, and the A/P during inversion and eversion was greater than that in neutral positions. Conclusions The stability of the dominant foot was better than that of the non-dominant foot. The standing stability decreased during inversion and eversion. During inversion, the body shifted inward and forward to maintain the stability. During eversion, the center of gravity shifted outward and forward to maintain the stability.