Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

BACKGROUND:Exercises can reduce blood lipids and slow down the development of atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis begins with mitochondrial dysfunction,and prohibitin 2 is involved in mitophagy by endurance training. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of endurance training in the intervention of prohibitin 2 protein in the mitophagy autophagy pathway in atherosclerosis. METHODS:A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,exercise group,atherosclerosis group and atherosclerosis combined with exercise group,with 10 rats in each group.A rat model of atherosclerosis was constructed by combining a high-fat diet(9 weeks)with vitamin D injections(weeks 1,3,and 6)in the latter two groups,while the two exercise groups were subjected to progressing intensity endurance training for 9 weeks.After the intervention,lipid and pathological detections were conducted to observe the modeling and interventional effects.Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitophagy proteins were detected by microplate reader and western blot.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the co-localization of mitophagy proteins in aortic tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lipid and pathological sections showed that compared with the atherosclerosis group,the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels and aortic lipid deposition area were significantly reduced in the atherosclerosis combined with exercise group(P<0.001).The results of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that the significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential of the aorta in the atherosclerosis combined with exercise group was reversed(P<0.01).The results of western blot assay showed that compared with the control group,the mitochondrial protein expression of prohibitin 2,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,PINK1 and Parkin was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the protein expression of PARL and PGAM5 decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the atherosclerosis group,the protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin in the mitchondria of rats in the atherosclerosis combined with exercise group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the protein expressions of prohibitin 2,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,PARL and PGAM5 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the control group,the co-localization of LC3 and PINK1 with TOMM20 was significantly increased in the atherosclerosis group(P<0.05),while compared with the atherosclerosis group,the co-localization of LC3 and PINK1 with TOMM20 was significantly increased in the atherosclerosis combined with exercise group(P<0.05).Co-localization of LC3 and PARL with prohibitin 2 was significantly increased in the atherosclerosis group compared with the control group(P<0.01),co-localization of LC3 with prohibitin 2 was significantly increased in the atherosclerosis combined with exercise group compared with the atherosclerosis group(P<0.01),and co-localization of PARL protein with prohibitin 2 was significantly decreased in the atherosclerosis combined with exercise group compared with the atherosclerosis group(P<0.01).To conclude,endurance training can induce the expression of prohibitin 2 in the inner mitochondrial membrane and promote the binding of prohibitin 2 to the mitophagy junction protein to complete mitophagy,restore mitochondrial function,and slow down the occurrence of atherosclerosis.

Objective:To explore the significance of laparoscopic virtual reality simulation training by analyzing the learning curve of laparoscopic cholecystectomy among young general surgeons who had participated in laparoscopic skills training at our hospital.Methods:Fifty young surgeons were divided into two groups, with the intervention group participating in virtual reality simulation training and the control group participating in traditional laparoscopic clinical training. After completion of the training, 30 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed under the supervision of highly qualified surgeons with extensive laparoscopic experience. CUSUM analysis was applied to plot the trainees' surgical learning curve based on the completion rate, surgical score and operative time. " x" is the number of surgical cases and " k" is the slope. The value of x when k=0 was calculated and the surgical learning curves and intraoperative scores of the 2 groups of trainees were compared. SPSS 23.00 was performed for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The intervention and control groups crossed the surgical learning curve at x=19.24±0.39 and x=21.72±0.73 respectively, with significant differences ( P<0.01); the intervention and control groups scored (10.82±2.73) and (9.71±2.69) for gallbladder exposure ( t=4.61, P<0.01), (12.59±3.12) and (8.87±2.99) for gallbladder dissection triangle ( t=6.21, P<0.01), and (10.69±3.38) and (8.80±3.55) for gallbladder dissection ( t=3.10, P<0.01). Conclusions:Virtual reality simulation training can facilitate the translation of basic laparoscopic training skills into clinical skills and can promote the growth of young general surgeons.

Objective To investigate the killing effect of Rhodium nanoparticles loaded composite hydrogel NPN+Rh-PEG NPs(NRP)on pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells.Methods Block copolymers were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP),followed by the synthesis of PEG-modified Rhodium nanoparticles through an aqueous method.A premixed solution was prepared by ultrasonication and then heated to synthesize the compos-ite hydrogel NRP loaded with nanoparticles.It was then characterized and its catalytic properties were verified.The morphology of Rhodium nanoparticles and the composite hydrogel NRP was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The thermal imaging instrument was used to detect the photothermal properties of the composite hydrogel NRP,and then the growth inhibitory effect on BxPC-3 cells was observed using the MTT and live-dead staining methods.Finally,its biological safety was verified using MTT and blood compatibil-ity testing.Results Rh-PEG with a particle size of about 10 nm was successfully prepared.The composite hydro-gel showed porous structure under cryo scanning electron microscope,and Rhodium was evenly distributed in the composite hydrogel.Under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared light(NIR)with a laser power of 1 W/cm2,the ability of 80 μg/ml NRP to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS)was 19.6 times that of pure hydrogel(NPN)(P＜0.05).Under light conditions,the catalytic decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide was as high as 96.8％.Under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR with a laser power of 1 W/cm2,the temperature of 80 μg/ml NRP could rise to 58.9 ℃ within 5 minutes.MTT results showed that the survival rate of BxPC-3 cells was the lowest,only 14.8％,after 40 pg/ml NRP was irradiated with 1 W/cm2 of 808 nm NIR.The results of live dead cell staining proved that the cell killing effect of 40 pg/ml NRP under light irradiation was stronger than that without 808 nm NIR irradiation.Conclusion The composite hydrogel NRP uniformly loaded with Rhodium nanoparticles can effec-tively enhance the killing effect on pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells.

Objective To explore the characteristics of plantar pressure of ankle joints at different limb laterality and different stress positions. Methods Twenty-three healthy subjects were recruited to perform walking trails. Each subject was tested for plantar pressure in ankle neutral position, ankle inversion and ankle eversion through simple custom-designed walkways and plantar pressure plate. The evaluation indices were peak pressure, contact area, contact time percentage, M/L (ratio of sum of medial plantar peak pressure to sum of lateral peak pressure), A/P (ratio of sum of toe peak pressure to heel peak pressure). Results The peak pressure of the first metatarsus bone in the dominant foot was significantly larger than that in the non-dominant foot, and the peak pressure of the fifth metatarsus bone was significantly smaller than that on the non-dominant foot. The M/L of dominant side was significantly larger than that of the non-dominant side. Except for the peak pressures of the mid-foot and the first toe, there were significant differences in other regions among the three ankle positions. The percentage of contact time in each area during inversion was greater than that in neutral position, and the percentage of contact time of plantar regions during eversion was longer than that in neutral position except the second toe. The M/L in inversion, neutral and eversion position were 1.24±0.46, 1.06±0.26, 0.88±0.25. The M/L of dominant foot was greater than that of the non-dominant foot, and the A/P during inversion and eversion was greater than that in neutral positions. Conclusions The stability of the dominant foot was better than that of the non-dominant foot. The standing stability decreased during inversion and eversion. During inversion, the body shifted inward and forward to maintain the stability. During eversion, the center of gravity shifted outward and forward to maintain the stability.