Objective To extract and separate crude gingerols and to determine the content of [6]-gingerol in crude gingerols.Methods Crude gingerols were separated from the ginger supercritical-CO2 extracts by silica gel dry column chromatography with solvent system of diethyl ether-n-hexane(7:3).The content of [6]-gingerol in crude gingerols was determined by HPLC.Results [6]-gingerol content in the prepared crude gingerols by silica gel dry column chromatography arrived 52.87 %(m/m).[6]-gingerol had a good linearity in the range of 0.512～ 3.075 ? g,r=0.999 9,and the average recovery was 99.19 %,RSD=1.58 % .Conclusion Silica gel dry column chromatography can be used to quickly,effectively prepare crude gingerols,in which [6]-gingerol content is high,and can supply enough material for further research.The liquid chromatographic analysis of [6]-gingerol is simple,reliable,reproducible and can be used for the quality control of crude gingerols.

A specific and sensitive GC - MS method for assaying Borneol in the serum of rats medicated orally with compound Danshen dropping pill was developed. Naphthalene was used as the internal standard, the dectection was performed by SIM. The calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.00505 to 40. 1 ?g/mL, the detectable limit of this method was 1 ng/mL. The extraction recovery of Borneol was 72.82% - 86.77%. The RSD of within - day and day - to - day was less than 2.76% and 1.93% respectively. The results showed that this method was simple, sensitive, accurate and good reproducibility , and can be used in further pharmacokinetic study of Borneol in danshen Dropping pill.

Objective To establish a method for determinin g the content of ginsenoside Rg 1 and Rb 1 and notoginsenoside R 1 in Radix Notoginseng.Methods HPLC /ELSD with solid phase extraction(SPE)was applied.The chromatographic conditions were:Hypersil amino -column (200mm ?4.0mm,5?m),acetonitrile -isopropanol -ammon ium acetate(75∶20∶5;acetic acid adjusted pH to5.0)as mobile phrase,flow rate at 0.6mL?min -1 ,column temperature at room temperature,ELSD nebulization at 55℃and flow rate of nitrogen at 2.3L?min -1 Results The linear range of ginseno-side Rg 1 and Rb 1 ,notoginsenoside R 1 was from 1.0to 10.0?g .The average recoveries were 95.5%～102.5%.The inter -day RSD and intra -day were less than 2%and 4%respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and accu-rate,and can be used for the quality contro l of Radix Notoginseng and its preparations.

Various types of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and deaths elicited by patent drugs and nyections of herbal medicines which were reported in Chinese literature were reviewed and analyzed. ADR characteristic figure was employed for the study. It is emphasized that an objective and correct evaluation of safety of herbal medicines is an important subject of clinical pharmacology in the field of traditional Chinese medicne.

OBJECTIVE To investigate systematically the existence of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein(BPI) in normal rat organs and tissues,for providing important information about BPI in clinical application.METHODS The total RNA was extracted from organs and tissues homogenates.Then the first-strand cDNA was synthesized and BPI DNA was amplified by PCR.RESULTS BPI mRNA was found in kidneys,ovary,testes,liver,small intestine,large intestine,thymus,spleen and neutrophils of 21 various organs and tissues.Among them,BPI mRNA content was the richest in testes,relatively rich in liver and large intestine.CONCLUSIONS BPI mRNA presents in many organs and tissues of rat and it indicates that the role of BPI in host defense against bacterial infection is relatively widespread.

Objective To establish gas chromatography for determining the contents of borneol in aqueous humor and perfusate of rabbit cornea.Methods Naphthalene was used as the internal standard,samples were extracted by ethyl acetate and the chromatographic procedure was carried out in OV-1701 capillary column.The parameters were set as follows:Inject Temp,210 ℃;Oven Temp,30 ℃;FID Temp,250 ℃;Carrier gas:Nitrogen,3.0psi;Hydrogen,45 ml/min;Air,450 ml/min;split ratio,10:1.Results Borneol and isoborneol were well separated from other components.Borneol and isoborneol had an good linearity in the rang of 0.2～20 ?g/ml,R2 was 0.9953 for borneol and 0.9902 for isoborneol;and the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 9.68 %and 12.60 %respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and precise,and can be used for determining borneol in ophthalmological preparation.

Objective To observe the effect of Zhipu Hollow Suppository (ZHS) on postoperative ankylenteron in rats,and to investigate the possible mechanism.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group,ZPS group,positive control group,and blank control group,10 rats in each group.Rats were given corresponding drugs according to the experimental design after modeling.Rats were executed after medication for one week,and the pathologic changes of ileal serosa were observed under scanning electron microscope and the ultrastructure of ileal serosa cells was observed under transmission electron microscope.Results Results of the examination under scanning electron microscope showed that the arrangement of ileal-serosa mesothelial cells in ZHS group was regular,and the network structure arranged spindle-shaped with uniformity size and with the shape close to the normal ones.There was proliferation in mesothelial cells in the exposed base layer.Under the transmission electron microscope,mesothelial cells recovered well and the proliferation of fibroblasts was not obviously in ZHS group,but mesothelial cells disappeared and the secretion of collagen by fibroblasts was actively in the model group.Conclusion ZHS can prevent ankylenteron by promoting the ileal-serosa mesothelial cell proliferation,improving the ileal-serosa ultrastructure and protecting the ileal serosa.

Objective To develop a HPLC-UV method for the determination of [6]-gingerol in the rat plasma.Methods [6]-Gingerol was extracted from the rat plasma by using liquid-liquid extraction,then was separated on a Hypersil  C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water(45:55,v/v) with a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min.The eluate from the HPLC column was monitored by the spectrophotometric detector at 280 nm.The injection volume was 20 ?L.[6]-Gingerol was identified based on its retention time compared with the reference standard.Results The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.25～5.0 ?g/mL.The low quantitative limit was 0.1 ?g /mL.The RSD of inter-day was

Objective To isolate and purify the antioxidant compounds from fructus xanthii and to study their antioxidant activity.Methods Compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel,macroreticular resin Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their antioxidant property was determined by scavenging activity to DPPH and ?OH.Results Five antioxidant compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits and their structures were identified as 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyisoflavone,myricetin-3'-methyl ether,falcalindiol,1,8-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,10-diol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.Among them,3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid had the highest radical scavenging activity.Conclusion All above 5 compounds have high antioxidant activities,and antioxidant activity of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is the highest.

Objective To establish a method for extracting compounds in Fructus Xanthii by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE),and to simultaneously determine the compounds by GC-MS.Methods The extraction was performed by ASE in which the conditions were optimized by orthogonal test,then the compounds in different extracts with different polarity were determined by GC-MS.Results The optimized conditions of ASE for compounds in Xanthium sibiricum fruits were as follows: petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and methanol as extracting solvent in turn in 33 mL extracting tube and the volume of solvent being 65 mL;6 g sample,9 MPa of extracting pressure,90 ℃of extracting temperature,5 min of extracting time,two cycles and one time for each extraction.The GC-MS conditions were as follows: 1 ?L extract was analysed by GC-MS(Shimadzu Model QP-2010) instrument fitted with a flame ionisation detector,separation was achieved on a DB-5ms,DB-17ms and DB-WAX column(J&W Scientific,30 m,0.25 ?m id film thickness,1.4 ?m,USA) respectively,the column temperature was maintained at 60 ℃for 3 min and increased to 250 ℃,the scanning range was from m/z 40 to m/z 700(scanning interval: 0.5 s),and the compounds were identified by searching NIST and Wiley registry of mass spectral data.Conclusion There are 61 compounds found in the petroleum ether extract and in which 48 are identified,22 in the ethyl acetate extract and 18 identified,as well as 34 in the methanol extract and 29 identified with the methods of optimized ASE combined with GC-MS.