ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms and the effects of magnesium Valproate on the expressions of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the hippocampus of the juvenile rats submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy.Methods 35 healthy Wistar juvenile rats were randomly divided into six groups,that is the model groups:Ⅰ group,Ⅱ group,Ⅲ group,and intraperitoneal injection of saline water control groups:Ⅰ a group,Ⅱ a group,Ⅲ a group,after succession of 15 rats to kindle to establish the model of epilepsy by pilocarpine.To collect hippocampus tissue after the rats were to put to death,and to compared the expression levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptor mRNA by RT-PCR and western blot in the hippocampus of rats.ResultsBy treated with magnesium valproate,kinin B1 receptor mRNA (0.38 ± 0.051 ) and protein expressions(0.58 ± 0.057 ) decreased and kinin B2 receptor mRNA (0.48 ±0.056 ) and protein expressions(0.48 ± 0.044 ) increased in Ⅰ group,compared with that (0.76 ±0.068,0.89 ± 0.034;0.28 ± 0.034,0.32 ± 0.039 ) of Ⅰ a group(P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with control group,there were more significant upregulation of kinin B1 receptor mRNA and protein expressions (P＜0.05) in the Ⅰ and the Ⅱ groups and there were no alteration in Ⅲ group.The expressional levels of B2 receptor mRNA and protein were upregulated in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.ConclusionThe kinin B1 and B2 receptor may play a role in the onset and maintenance of epilepsy.The magnesium valproate increased the expressional levels of kinin B2 receptor,and decreased the expressional levels of kinin B1 receptor.

[ ABSTRACT] The splicing factors were characterized for their crucial roles in pre-mRNA splicing of eukaryons. SRSF2 is a member of the SR protein family which is one of the most common splicing factors, and it is believed to be a key element in pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA transcription, regulation of the DNA stability and cell proliferation.SRSF2 gene mutation is detected frequently in myeloid malignancies ( like MDS and CMML) and may be associated with the phenotype and prognosis of these malignancies.The paper makes a review for the latest research progression on SRSF2 gene mutation and its relationship with myeloid malignancies.

Objective:To observe any effect of supplementing treadmill training with applications of the traditional Chinese Songchi ointment in the rehabilitation of gastrocnemius muscles atrophied through disuse.Methods:Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group ( n=8) and a model group ( n=37). The rats in the model group had their left hind limbs immobilized by the Nagai method to induce disused muscle atrophy (DMA). That group was then randomly subdivided into a model control (MC) group, a treadmill training group (the EX group), a Songchi ointment group (SC group) and a comprehensive rehabilitation group (the CR group), each of 8. The EX and SC groups were given treadmill training at 18m/min or topical application of Songchi ointment once a day, 6 days a week for 6 weeks. The CR group was given both treatments. After the 6 weeks, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes in the gastrocnemius of each rat′s left hind limb. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. PI3K, Akt and mTOR mRNA and protein were assayed using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Results:The arrangement of muscle fibers in the MC group was disordered and there was a large number of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Such conditions were significantly relieved in the CR group. After the intervention the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in the CR group were, on average, significantly lower than those observed in the MC group, the EX group or the SC group, while the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly higher. The average PI3K, Akt and mTOR mRNA and protein levels of group CR were significantly higher than those of the MC and EX groups.Conclusions:The traditional Chinese Songchi ointment can usefully supplement treadmill training to relieve DMA. It upregulates IL-10, activates the PI3K Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promotes the synthesis of muscle fiber protein while down-regulating TNF-α and IL-1β and muscle fiber inflammatory response.

Objective To clarify the necessity of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM ) of voriconazole ,and give relevant clinical tips ,by comparing the plasma concentration of different clinical specialties before and after adjustment of dose .Methods This is a retrospective study of voriconazole TDM data .It involves 435 cases voriconazole plasma trough concentration meas-urement results of 154 inpatients to make a preliminary assessment .Results 4 .3% plasma concentration were higher than 5 .5 μg/ml ,26 .5% plasma concentration were less than 1 .0 μg/ml in renal transplantation department ;while 52 .3% plasma concentration were higher than 5 .5 μg/ml ,no less than 1 .0 μg/ml in infectious disease department .Conclusions Therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary for rational use of voriconazole .The majority of plasma concentrations in renal transplantation pa-tients were <1 .0 μg/ml ,lower than recommended treatment concentration range ;while most infectious disease patients have> 5 .5 μg/ml ,higher than recommended treatment concentration range .Clinical pharmacists can be more closely involved in the clinical use of voriconazole based on the results of the therapeutic drug monitoring .

Objective:To investigate difficult-to-treat sites in patients with psoriasis receiving biological therapy.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 73 adult patients with psoriasis in the database of Psoriasis Center, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases from June 2020 to September 2021, who had received sufficient and standardized treatment with biological agents for ≥ 24 weeks, and were still treated with biological agents at the time of enrolment into this study with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score being 1 - 5 at the time of enrolment into the database of Psoriasis Center. Distribution of psoriatic lesions resistant to biological therapy were analyzed, and differences in refractory sites were compared between different biologics. Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze differences in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions after treatment with different biologics, McNemar test to compare the anatomical distribution of skin lesions before and after biological therapy, and Kruskal-Wallis H test to analyze the association between PASI scores for residual skin lesions and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scores. Results:After ≥ 24 weeks of sufficient and standardized biological therapy in the 73 patients, refractory skin lesions mostly involved the lower limbs (46 cases, 63.01%) , followed by the scalp (36 cases, 49.32%) and upper limbs (27 cases, 36.99%) ; proportions of patients with residual skin lesions on the face and neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs, hands and feet significantly decreased after biological therapy compared with those before treatment (paired χ2 = 5.14, 7.69, 9.90, 4.17 and 6.13, P = 0.016, 0.003, 0.001, 0.031 and 0.008, respectively) , while there was no significant difference in the proportions of patients with skin lesions on the scalp and genital areas before and after treatment (both P > 0.05) . No significant difference in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions was observed between the 13 patients receiving treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, infliximab, or tumor necrosis factor receptor-antibody fusion protein) and 59 receiving treatment with interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors (secukinumab or ixekizumab) (all P > 0.05) . There was no significant difference in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions in the 13 patients before and after the treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (all P > 0.05) ; in the 59 patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors, the proportions of patients with residual skin lesions on the trunk, upper limbs, hands and feet significantly decreased after treatment (paired χ2 = 4.90, 9.09 and 7.11, P = 0.021, 0.001 and 0.004, respectively) , while there was no significant difference in the distribution of skin lesions on the scalp, face and neck, lower limbs and genital area before and after treatment (all P > 0.05) . Among the 73 patients, the PASI scores for lesions on the upper and lower limbs and the total PASI scores were all associated with the DLQI scores ( H = 7.52, 12.61, 6.75, respectively, all P < 0.05) , and were significantly higher in the patients with DLQI scores of > 10 points than in those with DLQI scores of ≤ 5 points (all P < 0.05) . Conclusions:Biological therapy-resistant psoriatic lesions were mostly located on the scalp, and refractory skin lesions mostly involved the lower limbs, scalp and upper limbs. No significant difference in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions was observed between patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and IL-17 inhibitors, but IL-17 inhibitors may result in lesion clearance at more anatomical sites compared with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Tonghua Dongbao′s insulin aspart injection (Rishulin) and NovoRapid (Novo Nordisk) in the treatment of diabetes.Methods:A 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, positive control drug and non-inferiority trial was conducted in 23 centers in China. A total of 563 diabetes with poor blood glucose control treated with insulin for at least 3 months before were included. The subjects were randomized(stratified block random method) into those receiving Rishulin or NovoRapid at a ratio of 3∶1. Both groups were combined with basal insulin (Lantus). The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to the end of 24 weeks of treatment.Results:For full analysis set, after 24 weeks of treatment, HbA1c level of Ruishulin group decreased from (8.66±1.28)% to (7.77±1.09)% ( P<0.001), and that of NovoRapid group decreased from (8.47±1.28) % to (7.65±0.97) % ( P<0.001). Treatment difference in HbA1c (NovoRapid group-Ruishulin group) was -0.061% (95% CI -0.320-0.199). HbA1c<7.0% target reacing rates were 24.26% and 21.21% ( P=0.456), and HbA1c<6.5% target reacing rates were 9.65% and 6.82% ( P=0.310) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, repectively. The standard 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) in Ruishulin group decreased from (16.23±5.22) mmol/L to (12.65±4.57) mmol/L ( P<0.001), and 2hPG in NovoRapid group decreased from (16.13±5.37) mmol/L to (11.91)±4.21) mmol/L ( P<0.001). The fingertips blood glucose at 7-point of both groups exhibited varying degrees of reduction compared with those at baseline, repectively. Positive ratios of specific antibodies were 31.68% in Ruishulin group and 36.36% in NovoRapid group ( P=0.320). Ratios of negative to positive were 7.43% and 10.61% ( P=0.360), and ratios of positive to negative were 10.40% and 7.58% ( P=0.360) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, respectively. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 60.05% and 55.40% ( P=0.371), and the incidence of adverse events was 76.60% and 77.70% ( P=0.818) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, respectively. Conclusions:Rishulin is not inferior to NovoRapid, and has shown good efficacy and safety. It can be an ideal choice for clinicians in patients with poor blood glucose control with insulin.

Objective To investigate the status of self‐management of blood pressure (BP) among elderly hypertensive patients living in new rural communities of Shanghai. Methods We enrolled a total of 2 241 hypertensive patients over 60 years old who participated in the National Key Research and Development Project "Cohort study on hypertension" of the 13th Five‐Year Plan in Langxia, Shanghai from May to July 2018. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were conducted. We collected participants' demographic information, cardiovascular history, and self‐management behaviors related to hypertension. The status of self‐management of BP among participants with hypertension was analyzed. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to explore the differences between males and females. Results Participants'mean age was (70.0±6.8) years, and males accounted for 38.8% of all participants. The systolic and diastolic BP levels of participants were (147.8±15.4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and (82.8±9.8) mmHg, respectively. The systolic blood pressure level of women was higher than that of men, and the diastolic blood pressure level of men was higher; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 79.0%, 78.0%, and 25.6%, respectively. Males had a significantly higher control rate than females (P<0.05). The status of self‐management of blood pressure was as follows: (1) As to lifestyle, 84.4% of participants lacked exercise, and 69.2% were overweight or obese. The prevalence of smoking and drinking was higher in males (40.7% and 46.2%, respectively), and the proportion of females (12.4%) with anxiety and/or depression was higher than that of males (P all<0.001). (2) Concerning BP‐monitoring, only 10.1% of participants measured BP every week, 22.9% had BP measurement instruments at home, and 4.6% recorded their BP levels. There was no significant difference in self‐blood pressure monitoring behavior between men and women. (3) Regarding adherence to medication treatment, 97.6% took antihypertensive drugs regularly, and 21.6% were on combination therapy. The proportion of men taking combined drugs was higher than that of women, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in elderly hypertensive patients in new rural communities of Shanghai were above the national average. However, the status of self‐management of BP was still not satisfactory. More attention should be paid to healthy lifestyle, home BP monitoring, and effective pharmaceutical treatment strategies for hypertension.

【Objective】 To explore the surgical characteristics and clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic visualization trephine for thoracic spinal stenosis. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of 37 patients with single-segment thoracic spinal stenosis treated with percutaneous endoscopic visualization trephine from January 2019 to June 2020. Among them， there were 14 males and 23 females； their age ranged from 31 to 82 years old， with an average of （57.6±11.8） years old. Their posture， length of hospital stay， length of operation and blood loss were recorded. The visual analogue scale （VAS）， Oswestry disability index （ODI） and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score were used to evaluate the preoperative and final conditions of patients and calculate the improvement rate. 【Results】 The operation was successfully completed in all the patients， and no patients developed epidural hematoma， incision infection or postoperative paralysis. Among the 37 patients， 24 ones with ossification of ligamentum flavum （OLF） were in the prone position， and 13 patients had lateral surgery. Among them， thoracic disc herniation （TDH） occurred in 3 cases， OPLL in 5 cases and OLF+OPLL in 5 cases. The hospital stay was （7.2±1.6） days， the operation time was （96.5±20.0） min， and the blood loss was （41.9±10.8） mL. VAS score decreased from （7.0±0.9） to （1.9±0.8）； ODI improved from （41.7±2.1） to （16.1±1.7）； and JOA score increased from （5.8±1.4） to （8.6±1.4）. The preoperative and postoperative differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 Percutaneous endoscopic visualization of thoracic spinal stenosis is treated by choosing different positions according to the type of compression. The spinal canal is fully decompressed. The surgical method is safe and minimally invasive， and the postoperative effect is satisfactory.