Objective To investigate the effect on prevention and treatment autoimmune diabetes mellitus in NOD mice by oral administration porcine insulin.Methods One hundred and twenty female NOD mice were divided randomly into insulin group(n=60) and control group(n=60).Beginning from 6 week old, NOD mice were fed porcine insulin 500ul or phosphate buffered saline(PBS) 500ul seperately till 40 week old. At 6 ?12 ?20 ?25 ?30 week old,serum insulin of healthy mice was measured and pancreas were used for histology.Results Oral administration of insulin can marked decreased incidence of diabetes ( P

ObjectiveTo study the role of the myenteric plexus (ENS) nitrergic neurons in type 2 diabetic rats with gastroparesis.MethodsThiry male 8-week-SD rats were randomly divided into control group (CON),type 2 diabetic group (DM),insulin-treated group ( INS ) and insulin-lipoie acid group( LA ),each 15.The rats were sacrificed at 16 weeks after diabetic model established,the stomach relative residual rate of pigmented was measured and the protein content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was evaluate,the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),were measured,the the morphological changes of gastric antrum nitrergic neurons was observed.ResultsCompared with CON group,gastric motility,gastric antrum nitrergic neuron count,T-SOD and CuZn-SOD,and were significantly decreased in DM group ( P ＜0.05).Compared with the CON group,DM group gastric antrum nitrergic neurons nNOS expression decreased,while MDA levels significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with DM group,INS group and LA group has significantly rapider gastric motility than that of DM group ( P＜ 0.05 ),the neuron counting markly increased in nitrergic neuron of gastic sinus ( P ＜ 0.05 ),increased expressions of nNOS in gastric sinus,while still lower than control group( P ＜0.05).compared with the INS group,antrum nitrergic neuron counts of LA group significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The gastrointestinal dyskinesis of type 2 diabetic rats might be associated with lesions of gastric myenteric plexus nitrergic neuron.Insulin intensive therapy and treated with alpha-lipoic acid as an antioxidant can inhibit the abnormally high levels of oxidative stress,protect gastrointestinal nitrergic neurons,delay the progress of diabetic gastrointestinal motility disorders.Insulin combined with a-lipoic acid treatment is superior to single-use insulin.

Objective To study the relationship among depression associated type 2 deabetes mellitus (T2DM) and personality and quality of life.Methods A total of 246 cases of hospitalized T2DM patients were investigated by schedule tables:self-rating depression scale (SDS),Eysenck personality questionaire (EPQ) and adjusted diabetes-specific quality of life scale (A-DQOL).According to the results of SDS,patients were divided into depression group (171 cases) and non-depression group (75 cases).Correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out for the collected data.Results There were differences in satisfaction,influence,anxiety Ⅰ,anxiety Ⅱ,neuroticism and extraversion between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Depression extents was related to the quality of life,neuroticism,extraversion and course(r =-0.243-0.392,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Anxiety Ⅱ,satisfaction and course enter the regression equation of depression (β =-0.205-0.322,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclsion Anxiety Ⅱ,satisfaction and course are key factors inducing depression in T2DM.Neuroticism and extroversion may be the predisposing personality characteristics in T2DM patients with depression.In clinical work,it is helpful for treatment by changing personality and mood of patients.

Objective To explore the correlation of adiponectin (ADP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) depressive symptoms.Methods Random sample of hospitalized confirmed patients with T2DM were 76 cases,who were divided in to T2DM group (DM group,30 cases) and T2DM with depressive symptoms group (DD group,40 cases) and randomly selected 36 cases in the medical center as control group.The level of height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,plasma ADP,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein protein cholesterol (LDL-C),C-reactive protein (CRP),fasting plasma cortisol (COR),fasting insulin (FINS) were measured.Body mass index (BMI),waist to hip ratio (WHR) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Results The plasma ADP level in DD group was lower than that in DM group and control group [(3.05 ± 1.07) g/L vs.(4.06 ± 1.12),(6.97 ± 1.64) g/L],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The plasma ADP level was negatively correlated with CRP,HOMA-IR,TC,FPG and SDS,but positively correlated with HDL-C.HDL-C and SDS was the independent risk factor influencing the ADP level in DD group.Conclusions T2DM patients with depressive symptoms exist the greater insulin resistance,the level of plasma ADP is specific drop; the lower level of plasma ADP is an independent risk factor for T2DM patients with depressive symptoms,there is independent correlation between them.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum visfatin level and coronary artery stenosis.Methods Based on coronary angiography,85 patients were diagnosed as coronary heart disease.According to oral glucose tolerance test,these patients were divided into 3 groups,34 patients with normal glucose tolerance(CHD group),25 with impaired glucose regulation(CIG group),and 26 with type 2 diabetes mellitus(CDM group).30 non-comary heart disease subjects with normal glucose tolerance were selected as the control group(CON group),and they underwent coronary CT angiography scan and were confirmed coronary disease-free.Blood pressure,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist hip ratio(WHR),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),blood lipid analysis,fasting insulin,and HbA1C were determined.Serum visfatin concentration was assayed and the status of coronary artery was assessed.Coronary artery stenosis was screened by coronary interventional angiography and assessed by Gemini scoring system in CHD,CIG,and CDM groups.Results Compared with control group,serum visfatin in CHD,CIG,and CDM groups were significantly higher(all P<0.05).Compared with CHD group,serum visfatin in CIG and CDM groups were significantly higher(all P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that serum visfatin level was positively correlated with the involved branches of coronary arteries(r=0.807,P<0.01),serum visfatin level was positively related with Gensini coronary artery score(r=0.669,P<0.01).Visfatin was also positively correlated with WC,WHR,triglyceride(TG,r=0.200,P=0.032,r=0.185,P=0.047,r=0.321,P<0.01),while high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was negatively correlated with visfatin(r=-0.354,P<0.01).Multiple regression analysis showed that senlm hvel of TG and WC were the main influencing factors of visfatin.Conclusion (1)The level of serum visfatin may reflect the severity of coronary artery stenosis,detection of visfatin helps to make early diagnosis of CHD.(2)The raised serum level of visfatin in comary heart disease patients with imparied glucose tolerance is consistent with clinical evidence that diabetic patients have more severe coronary diseases.(3)WC and serum TG are main inilucencing factors,suggesting that visfatin is correlated with abdominal obesity.

Objective To observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the water extract of Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl.on mice and explore the mechanism. Methods The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by 0.7% acetic acid-induced writhing test,the hot plate test,tests of dimethylbenzene-induced ear swelling,1% carrageenan-induced paw edema,determination of PGE2 in inflammatory feet,0.6% acetic acid-induced increase in peritoneal capillary permeability and cotton ball granuloma. Results The water extract of Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl.at low,medium and high doses can reduce the acetic acid-induced writhing times (P<0.01 or P<0.05),increase the pain threshold of mice (P<0.01 or P<0.05), inhibit dimethylbenzene-induced ear swelling (P<0.01 or P<0.05),1% carrageenan-induced paw edema (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and PGE2 production (P<0.01),0.6% acetic acid-induced increase of peritoneal capillary permeability (P<0.05),and the de-velopment of cotton ball granuloma (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion The water extract of Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl.shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on mice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intra-articular injection of ozone in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats and to assess its effects on serum receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels. Methods Forty weight age malched Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (normal group), the CIA model group (CIA group), ozone (O 3 group), and methotrexate (MTX group). In addition to the normal control group, Freund's complete adjuvant and bovine type Ⅱ collagen were injected to establish the rat model of CIA. After the model was sucessfully developed, double ankle injection concentration ozone group of 40 μg/ml of O3 each 1 ml, 1 times a week, a total of injection for 3 weeks for the experimenal group. MTX group of 0.9 mg/kg was injected 1 times a week for 3 weeks for the MTX group. Degree of foot swelling was measured, and radiographic assessment of arthritis index (AI) score was performed. One week after treatment, angular vein blood was collected for the rats after the intervention, flow multi-factor detection technology was used to test each rat. T test or Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the difference between groups. Results ① After 3 week administration with O3, dcgree of foot swelling, and AI of the O3 group was reduced significanly than the CIA group during the same period (foot swelling degree: O3 group: (4.21±0.14) ml, CIA group (9.12±0.17) ml, T=64.08, P=0.00; AI O3 group: [(2.97± 0.18) ml, CIA group: 5.76 ±0.13, T=37.24, P=0.00], and X-ray showed joint damage was alleviated. ② The serum level of RANKL in the CIA group was significantly higher than of the normal group [CIA model group 1890.70(797.03, 10571.94)], normal group [74.46(29.21, 95.37), T=43, P=0.005] during the same period; The serum level of RANKL in the O3 group was significantly lower than the CIA group [O3 group 28.09 (14.11, 207.30), CIA group 1890.70 (797.03, 10571.94), T=39, P<0.05]; RANKL level of the Ozone group when compared with MTX group, was not statistically significantly difference (T=52, P>0.05).③Serum RANKL/OPG of the CIA group was significantly higher than that of the normal group during this period, the difference was statistically significant [CIA group 250.68(42.33, 2959.78), normal group 4.32(3.16,5.30), T=36, P<0.01);The serum level of RANKL/OPG in the O3 group was significantly lower than the CIA group [O3 treatment group 5.10 (3.38, 6.64), CIA group 250.68 (42,33, 2959.78), T=36, P<0.01]; There was no statistically significant difference of the serum RANKL/OPG between the O3 group and the MTX group (T=62.5, P>0.05). Conclusion Intra-articular injection of concentration of 40 μg/ml of O3 can reduce RA rat joint swelling degree, which may relate to the mechanism that O3 can lower levels of serum RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratio, reduce osteoclast formation and activation.

Objective To observe the effects of intra-articular ozone injection on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,Interleukin (IL)-6,IL-17A,and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and explore the therapeutic mechanism of ozone in RA treatment.Methods Thrity-two Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups,including the ozone groups that receivedintra-articularinjection of 40 μg/ml ozone (O3 group),a blank control group (normal group),a methotrexate (MTX) group (MTX group) anda collagen-induced arthritismodel (CIA group).All the rats,except for those in the blank control group,were subjected to hypodermic injection of bovine collagen Ⅱ and complete Freund's adjuvant to induce CIA.Ozone treatment was administered once weekly for 3 weeks starting at 14 days after the model were established.MTX group were treated with methotrexate 0.9 mg/kg,once a week,a total of three weeks.The swelling degree of the foot were observed,and the serum contents of TNF-oα,IL-6,IL-17A and VEGF were detected.One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the experimental data.Results At the end of treatment,the degree of foot swelling was reduced significantly in rats with O3 group compared with that in the CIA group [(4.21±0.14) ml vs (9.12±0.17) ml,t=8.43,P=0.023].The serum concentration of TNF-α,IL-6 and VEGF showed significant difference between the CIA group and the O3 group[91.55(86.55,98.53) pg/ml vs 14.45 (12.55,16.15) pg/ml,x2=6.216,P=0.002;145.08(37.44± 362.82) pg/ml vs 5.84(5.47,15.93) pg/ml,x2=13.136,P=0.004;51.56(46.09,74.10) pg/ml vs.36.22(32.18,41.69) pg/ml,x2=3.732,P=0.002].There was no statistically significant difference between the O3 group and MTX group [14.45(12.55,16.15) pg/ml vs [12.45(11.80,15.60) pg/ml,x2=0.243,P＞0.05;5.84(5.47,15.93) pg/ml vs 7.86(5.25,15.23) pg/ml,x2=0.058,P＞0.05;36.22(32.18±41.69) pg/ml vs 40.17(35.47,50.73) pg/ml,x2=0.516,P＞0.05].The serum concentration of IL-17A showed no significant difference between the normal group,the CIAgroup,the MTX group and the O3 group (F=1.827,P=0.165).Conclusion Intra-articular injecfion of 40 μg/ml ozone can attenuate synovitis in rats with CIA,the mechanism may relate to the inhibition of TNF-oα,IL-6 and VEGF in the serum.

Objective To detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-18 of the peripheral blood cells and IL-18 receptor α chain(IL-18Rα) on the surface of CD_3~+ cells in patients newly diagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) before medication and to explore the roles of IL-18 and IL-18Rα in the development of ITP. Methods Eighteen out-patients or inpatients with acute ITP accepting treatment in Qilu Hospital were enrolled in this study and 15 matching healthy subjects were taken as control. Plasma IL-18 level was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of IL-18Rα on CD_3~+ lymphocytes and total lymphoeytes were measured with flow cytometry; T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA were measured with reverse transcriptase polymcrase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The expression of IL-18 in acute ITP plasma was (468. 57 ± 141.62) ng/L and IL-18Rα on the surface of CD_3~+ cells and lymphocytes were (8.50 ±3. 16)% and (9. 16±2.98)% respectively. The levels of IL-18 and IL-18Rα were increased in active ITP patients as compared with those in the controls (P <0. 05). The levels of IL-18 mRNA (0. 12 ±0. 02) and T-bet mRNA (0. 07 ±0. 02) were significantly increased in patients with active ITP as compared with those in the controls (P <0.05), while GATA-3 mRNA (0.0039±0.0014) were significantly decreased in patients with active ITP (P < 0. 05). The balance between T-bet and GATA-3 was significantly disturbed in ITP. Conclusions Through the variation of the levels of gene and protein, our study showed that IL-18 and IL-18Rα might upregulate the expression of Th1-cytokines in ITP patients. It is also suggested that IL-18 has potential association with the development of ITP. Especially, it may provide a new treatment method for ITP by regulating the ratio of T-bet and GATA-3 and resuming the balance of Th1/ Th2.

Objective To investigate the attitude toward and perception of the risk of nuclear power plant among the public residing in vicinity of nuclear power plant,as well as the related factors.Methods A face-to-face interview on perceived radiation risks was conducted among 1408 individuals in Liangyungang City, Jiangsu Province.where the Tianwan nuclear power plant was under construction.The four groups was defined according to the distance between the residence of the subjects and the Tianwan nuclear power plant:<4 km,4- 8 km,8-30 km and 30-50 km.A was used to collect information on education,working history,religion, perception of major industries hazards especially nuclear power plant,and major factors may influence their perceptions.Ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the data.Results About 91.18% of the interviewee heard about the nuclear power plant,35.36% of them had knowledge about Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident,71.05% of them believed that the nuclear power plant had no negative effects on environments, 37.03% of them believed that the nuclear energy was safe.74.27% of them believed that it was necessary for China to develop nuclear energy.63.29% of them supported the construction of the nuclear power plant in local area.Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the higher education,higher family annual income,male, economic benefits from the nuclear power plant construction,and trust in local government having competency to handling emergencies were positive factors;otherwise,impression on nuclear power plant of bad influences on environment and health were negative factors.An inverted U-shaped with a right tailing relationship between negative attitudes toward nuclear power plant and distance to the plant was found.Conclusions Education, gender,family annual income and expectation of economic benefit returns were the major factors influencing the perception of and attitudes toward nuclear power plant.More works needed to be done to mitigate the negative attitude of the residents in vicinity of nuclear power plant and enhance the public acceptability .