Objective To understand the characteristics of common causes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in China and evaluate the association of the aetiology with gender and mortality.Methods The relevant literature was searched by the China journal full-text database (CNKI),Wanfang database,Weipu database and other databases and proceeding.Based on collecting data retrieval strategy,according to the inclusion criteria selection literature,Meta analysis was performed mainly for gallstone,hyperlipidemia,alcohol and other AP from the aspects of gender and case fatality rate.Results The Meta analysis included 11 articles which were accordance with the criteria,involving 13 601 patients,including 6 732 cases of biliary AP,1 372 cases of hyperlipidemia AP and 1 169 cases of alcohol AP.The Meta analysis showed that biliary AP male to female ratio was 0.79 ∶ 1,hyperlipidemic AP male to female ratio was 1.54 ∶ 1,alcoholic AP male to female ratio was 10.47 ∶ 1,overeating AP male to female ratio was 1.29 ∶ 1,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Alcoholic AP mortality rate was the highest,which was 2.81 times than the biliary AP and 2.46 times than the hyperlipemic AP,and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Biliary tract disease is the main etiologic cause of AP in China,and there are more females than males.The mortality rate of alcoholic pancreatitis is the highest,and there are more males.But we should investigate further high-quality,large-scale trails in patients with AP.

Objective To synthesize a quantum dot (QD) to recognize glioma cells for imaging and photodynamic therapy. Methods By one-pot aqueous approach, near infrared-emitting CdTe was produced. After detection of its physicochemical characterizations, RGD was conjugated. Emission images were observed with confocal microscopy. To test its toxicity, CdTe-RGD with various concentrations was separately added into U251 and 3T3 cells for incubation in dark circulation. To test its photodynamic effect, U251 and 3T3 cells were then irradiated for 5 ~ 60 min using 632.8 nm laser. Results The QD (Φ = 3.75 nm, PL peak wavelength =700 nm, PLQY=20%) achieved was a spherical crystal with excellent monodispersity. Under confocal microscope , U251 cells were visualized but 3T3 cells not. In dark circulation, the survival rates of both U251 and 3T3 cells were above 85%. After laser irradiation, the survival rate of U251 cells decreased to (37 ± 1.6)%with the increasing of irradiation time and CdTe-RGD concentration. Conclusion With good physicochemical characterization and low toxicity, CdTe-RGD could be applied in biomedical imaging and photodynamic therapy of gliomas.

The core-shell nanopaticles of Au@polyvinyl-pyrrolidone ( PVP) with uniform size and controllabe shell-thickness were prepared by hydrothermal method. The core-shell nanoparticles could be assembled to be the monolayer array on Si substrate relying on the dispersion of core-shell nanoparticles arising from PVP shell. The malachite green ( MG ) absorbed by H-bond could be detected on the array under the electromagnetic enhancement of inner-core Au nanoparticles. Under the conditions of the optimum shell-thickness of Au@PVP and the appropriate absorbed time of MG, the detection of MG could be realized in the linear range from 1 × 10-10 mol/L to 1 × 10-5 mol/L with the correlation coefficient ( R2 ) of 0. 98. The detection limit was 10-12 mol/L. This method was applied to the determination of MG in tilapia fish fillets of Xiagang market. No MG was found in this real sample. The spiked recoveries of the sample ranged from 70. 8% to 126. 0%. This method is simple and accurate, and can be used for detection of MG in the fish.

Objective To study the relationship among depression associated type 2 deabetes mellitus (T2DM) and personality and quality of life.Methods A total of 246 cases of hospitalized T2DM patients were investigated by schedule tables:self-rating depression scale (SDS),Eysenck personality questionaire (EPQ) and adjusted diabetes-specific quality of life scale (A-DQOL).According to the results of SDS,patients were divided into depression group (171 cases) and non-depression group (75 cases).Correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out for the collected data.Results There were differences in satisfaction,influence,anxiety Ⅰ,anxiety Ⅱ,neuroticism and extraversion between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Depression extents was related to the quality of life,neuroticism,extraversion and course(r =-0.243-0.392,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Anxiety Ⅱ,satisfaction and course enter the regression equation of depression (β =-0.205-0.322,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclsion Anxiety Ⅱ,satisfaction and course are key factors inducing depression in T2DM.Neuroticism and extroversion may be the predisposing personality characteristics in T2DM patients with depression.In clinical work,it is helpful for treatment by changing personality and mood of patients.

Fed with high-fat diet and assessed by hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique, rat models with insulin resistance were successfully induced. Compared with normal chow group ( NC ), serum concentrations of free-fatty acids(FFAs) and baseline insulin in high-fat diet group(HF) was higher( P＜0.05 ), the average glucose infusion rate from 60 to 120 min( GIR60-120 ) was lower( P＜0.01 ), and the expression of p-IRE-lα in the liver was higher( P＜0.05 ). Furthermore, the expression of p-IRE-1α in the liver was positvely correlated with the serum concentration of FFAs. All these data indicate that high-fat diet may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver by elevating serum concentration of FFAs, and may participate in the genesis of insulin resistance via p-IRE-1α.

In this study, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect coxsakie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression. Both localization and quantity were evaluated in the uteri obtained at days post coitus (dpc) 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5. Outcome of PCR was assessed by 2(-ΔΔCt) method. Image Pro-Plus 6.0 software was used for quantifying mean density of CAR expression in immunohistochemical sections. We found relatively weak CAR expression in the mouse uteri during implantation window. PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed highest CAR expression was detected on dpc 2.5 followed by down-regulation of CAR at dpc 4.5 and 6.5 (with significant difference). At dpc 8.5, CAR expression was increased slightly again. It is concluded that during implantation, the expression of CAR mRNA and protein is declined, resulting in the impairment of tight junction between cavity epithelium cells. After implantation window closure, CAR appears again to maintain epithelium stability. CAR might play an important role during embryo implantation procedure.

Objective To investigate the clinical,imaging,pathological and molecular biological features of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke -like episodes(MELAS)in children.Methods The clinical,imaging,pathological and molecular biological features of 1 2 children with MELAS diagnosed through muscle biopsy or gene sequencing in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 201 1 to December 201 5 were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1 )Clinical features:the main manifestations included headache and vomiting in 1 1 cases,epileptic seizures in 9 cases,short stature in 8 cases,hairy in 7 cases,intolerance fatigue in 7 cases,cogni-tive decline in 7 cases,visual disturbance in 6 cases,hearing disturbance in 6 cases,and 5 cases had positive family history.In addition,7 cases had the serum lactic acid level increase in a rest for 1 0 min after exercise.(2)Imaging fea-tures:4 cases showed bilateral basal ganglia calcification symmetry in 8 patients who underwent head CT scan.The most frequently involved parts of the lesion were occipital in 1 0 cases,temporal in 9 cases and parietal lobe in 7 cases in stroke -like episodes.The lesions were lamellar necrosis.The abnormal areas by MRI showed low signal intensity on T1 weighted imaging,high signal intensity on T2 weighted imaging and fluid attenuated inversion recovery,high or equal signal intensity on diffusion weighted imaging,high or low signal intensity on apparent diffusion coefficient;the lactate peak significantly increased on magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The distribution was not in accordance with the control region of the cerebral vessels.Dynamic observation revealed that the lesions were reversible and migratory.(3)Myo-pathological features:muscle biopsy was performed in all children,and ragged -red fibers were found in 1 0 cases by im-proved Gomori staining,strongly succinate dehydrogenase -reactive were found in 9 cases,and the lipid droplets slight-ly increased in 8 cases by oil red O staining.Besides,the crystalline inclusion bodies in mitochondria were arranged in a parking lotpattern in 9 cases by electromicroscope.(4)Molecular biological characteristics:the mitochondrial gene mutations were analyzed in peripheral blood of 9 children and their parents,including 8 cases with A3243G muta-tion and 1 case with G13513A mutation.Five mothers had the same A3243G mutation site in 8 cases.Conclusions Children with MELAS have complex and varied clinical manifestations and certain characteristic of neuroimaging.More-over,muscle pathology and gene sequencing have important diagnostic value.Fully understanding the clinical,muscle pathology,imaging and molecular biological characteristics of children with MELAS can be helpful to the early diagnosis and treatment,also reduce misdiagnosis.

Objective To explore metabolic characteristics of and risk factors for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods One hundred and forty-two cases of newly diagnosed T2DM were divided into two groups according to whether they have comorbid NAFLD:group A (without NAFLD,n =79) and group B (combined with NAFLD,n =63).Data collected included body height,body weight,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),blood lipid,serum uric acid (UA),HbA1c and fasting insulin,body mass index and insulin resistance index with homeostasis model(HOMA-IR) were calculated to compare the clinical and biochemical parameters between groups A and B.Results (1) The difference of age and blood pressure between groups A and B were not statistical different (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group A,BMI ((26.79 ± 1.93) kg/m2 vs (24.61 ± 2.46) kg/m2,t =5.76),FINS((15.49±2.44) mU/L vs (13.20±2.17) mU/L),t =5.91),HOMA-IR((6.74± 1.32) vs (5.65 ±1.10),t =5.37),glycerin trimyristate (TG) ((2.94 ± 0.65) mmol/L vs (1.74 ± 0.46) mmol/L),t =12.86),low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) ((3.46 ±0.73) mmol/L vs (2.78 ±0.86) mmol/L,t =5.07) and UA((342.41 ±71.49) mmol/L vs (312.98 ±66.24) mmol/L,t =2.54) were significantly higherand hight density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C) ((0.99 ± 0.17) mmol/L vs (1.21 ± 0.29) mmol/L,t =5.33) was significantly lower in group B (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Using whether to combined with NAFLD as dependent variable,and BMI,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and UA as independent variable,logistics regression analysis showed that BMI,HOMA-IR and TG were risk factors for NAFLD(OR =2.838,19.241,and 2.019 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with NAFLD have more obvious dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.Obesity,insulin resistance,hyper-triglyceridemia are risk factors for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with NAFLD.

Objective To observe the effects of intra-articular ozone injection on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,Interleukin (IL)-6,IL-17A,and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and explore the therapeutic mechanism of ozone in RA treatment.Methods Thrity-two Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups,including the ozone groups that receivedintra-articularinjection of 40 μg/ml ozone (O3 group),a blank control group (normal group),a methotrexate (MTX) group (MTX group) anda collagen-induced arthritismodel (CIA group).All the rats,except for those in the blank control group,were subjected to hypodermic injection of bovine collagen Ⅱ and complete Freund's adjuvant to induce CIA.Ozone treatment was administered once weekly for 3 weeks starting at 14 days after the model were established.MTX group were treated with methotrexate 0.9 mg/kg,once a week,a total of three weeks.The swelling degree of the foot were observed,and the serum contents of TNF-oα,IL-6,IL-17A and VEGF were detected.One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the experimental data.Results At the end of treatment,the degree of foot swelling was reduced significantly in rats with O3 group compared with that in the CIA group [(4.21±0.14) ml vs (9.12±0.17) ml,t=8.43,P=0.023].The serum concentration of TNF-α,IL-6 and VEGF showed significant difference between the CIA group and the O3 group[91.55(86.55,98.53) pg/ml vs 14.45 (12.55,16.15) pg/ml,x2=6.216,P=0.002;145.08(37.44± 362.82) pg/ml vs 5.84(5.47,15.93) pg/ml,x2=13.136,P=0.004;51.56(46.09,74.10) pg/ml vs.36.22(32.18,41.69) pg/ml,x2=3.732,P=0.002].There was no statistically significant difference between the O3 group and MTX group [14.45(12.55,16.15) pg/ml vs [12.45(11.80,15.60) pg/ml,x2=0.243,P＞0.05;5.84(5.47,15.93) pg/ml vs 7.86(5.25,15.23) pg/ml,x2=0.058,P＞0.05;36.22(32.18±41.69) pg/ml vs 40.17(35.47,50.73) pg/ml,x2=0.516,P＞0.05].The serum concentration of IL-17A showed no significant difference between the normal group,the CIAgroup,the MTX group and the O3 group (F=1.827,P=0.165).Conclusion Intra-articular injecfion of 40 μg/ml ozone can attenuate synovitis in rats with CIA,the mechanism may relate to the inhibition of TNF-oα,IL-6 and VEGF in the serum.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) in the genesis of Barrett′s esophagus.Methods Human esophageal epithelial cell (HEEC) and MRC-5 were cultured.The effects of different concentration of BMP4 and different pH value of hydrochloric acid or glycocholic acid on the expression of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2(CDX2) in HEEC were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction.The effects of different pH value of hydrochloric acid or glycocholic acid on BMP4 expression in MRC-5 were also investigated.Independent sample t test was performed for statistical analysis.Results After HEEC stimulated by BMP4 at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ng/mL, the relative quantity expressions of CDX2 were 1.617±0.246, 2.489±0.455, 5.629±0.449 and 13.670±1.689, respectively, which were higher than those of control group (1.000±0.043, 1.029±0.094, 1.001±0.002 and 1.049±0.051, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.47, 3.14, 10.31, 7.47;all P<0.05).After MRC-5 stimulated by acid at pH four or five, or glycocholic acid at pH four or five, the relative quantity expressions of BMP4 were 2.430±0.105, 2.394±0.145, 125.900±12.620 and 2.128±0.215, respectively, which were higher than those of control group(1.025±0.095, 0.999±0.007, 1.060±0.138 and 0.893±0.110,respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.94, 9.59, 9.89, 5.11;all P<0.01).Conclusion BMP4 can increase the expression of CDX2 in HEEC, which promote the genesis of Barrett′s esophagus.