Objective To determine if TENS applicati on for 60 min twice daily, over a short period of time(3-day), could have cumula tive analgesic effects on another type of pain induced by heat. Methods Nineteen elder normal subjects, aged 60 to 85, were randomly allocated into a TENS and a placebo group. Sixty minutes of TENS (200ms in pu lses at 100Hz with 2 ～ 3 times sensory threshold intensity) or placebo stimulat ion was applied to four acupoints around the knee joint twice daily over a 3-da y period (=6 sessions in total). Heat pain threshold was measured using the Med oc TSA-2001 device before, during and after TENS or placebo stimulation to each subject. The results obtained were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results By the end of 6 treatment sessions, there was a significant increase in the pre-stimulation heat pain threshold, from 46.9℃ i n session 1 to 48.6℃ in session 6, or by 1.7℃ in the TENS group. Conclusion The existence of such a cumulative antinociceptive eff ect, as denoted by a significant rise in the heat pain threshold before TENS in session 1 when compared with that in session 6, suggested possible plastic chang es in the nervous system in the TENS group.

With the increasing morbidity of brain injury suffered from different causes,a large number of researchers focus on the recovery of the post-brain-injury.Based on the brain plasticity theory,this paper reviewed some possible recovery mechanisms of the post-brain-injury,including changes in neural cells,functional reorganization,functional compensation,changes in the excitability of cortex,and specific skills learning.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has already used in many aspects of rehabilitation medicine, including the rehabilitation of motor function especially after stroke or spinal cord injury. This paper reviewed the parameters for and the effects on motor function rehabilitation.

When applied to the inspection of the organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, acetylcholinesterase has a high sensibility and a high activity. The sensibility is related to its activity, selectivity, amount, temperature and so on. With acetylcholinesterase liquor prepared, this paper discusses the relationship between the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide and its inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase, and the relationship between different concentrations, temperatures of acetylcholinesterase and the inhibition ability. The experiment data present the theory basis of the practical application of acetylcholinesterase to the inspection of the pesticide.

The literatures in the PubMed between 1954～2009 on following aspects, such as grip strength assessment tools and Methods , influence factors, endurance of grip strength, test reliability was reviewed. It showed that grip strength is influenced by many factors, and standardized procedure and method should be recommended in the clinical practice for accurate outcome.

ObjectiveTo explore the validity of Frenchay Activities Index on Chinese stroke patients.MethodsThe 39 stroke patients as stroke group and 39 healthy subjects as control group were assessed by the same rater using Frenchay Activities Index twice. In the first assessment, Barthel index was addititionally used to measure the activities of daily living for the stroke group. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyse the concurrent validity of the Barthel Index and Frenchay Activities Index in the stroke group. The paired t test was used to compare the scores of Frenchay Activities Index between two groups.ResultsThe correlation coefficient of Frenchay Activities Index and Barthel Index was 0.727 in the stroke group(P<0.001). The scores of each items and the total scores of the Frenchay Activities Index in the stroke group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).ConclusionFrenchay Activities Index is acceptable for stroke.

In order to consummate medical emergency equipment in biochemistry terror incident for Chinese People's Armed Police Forces,a set of emergency succor equipment is developed,which processes such function as biochemical detection,biochemical wash & antisepsis,biochemical treatment & cure and biochemical prevention.Its flexibility and practicability are stood out so as to upgrade guarantee ability in biochemistry terror incident.

Effective and objective assessment technique is lacked for diagnosis and evaluation of Parkinson's disease at present. In recent years, surface electromyography (sEMG) as an objective and quantitive assessment method, has been used to study the neuromuscular status and motor function of Parkinson's disease. This article reviewed related literatures in nearly 10 years in order to further understand the current application of sEMG.

Objective To investigate the activation characteristics (contraction velocity, force and anti-fatigue) of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) by using surface electromyogram (sEMG) during isometric and isokinetic quadriceps femoris force tests in knee osteoarthritis. Methods The participants included an observation group (n=34) and a control group (n=34).The age, height, body weight, gender, dominant side and Q angle were matched between the two groups. The participants' quadriceps femoris force and sEMG of VM, RF and VL were tested in isometric knee extension at knee joint angles of 10°, 60°, 100° and isokinetic knee extension at velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. Comparisons were made for recruitment rate, average amplitude, peak torque/bodyweight ratio, index of fatigue by independent-group t-test, with the alpha level set at 0.05 for significant differences between groups.Results ①Recruitment rate of VM in isometric contraction at 60° and isokinetic contraction at 60°/s and 180°/s, RF in isometric contraction at 60° and isokinetic contraction at 60°/s and VL in isometric contraction at 10°and 100° and isokinetic contraction at 60°/s were all significantly slower in the observation group than that in the control group(P<0.05). ②The average amplitudes of VM, RF in isokinetic contraction at 60°/s and 180°/s and RF, VL in isometric contraction at 10° were significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group(P<0.05). ③Peak torque/bodyweight ratio of quadriceps was significantly lower in the observation group than that in the control group in isometric contraction at 10°, 60°, 100° and isokinetic contraction at 60°/s and 180°/s(P<0.05). ④In isokinetic contraction at 180°/s the index of fatigue was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion A significant decreasing contraction velocity and force, increasing anti-fatigue of the vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis were found in knee osteoarthritis patients when compared with healthy subjects.

15 year literatures from databases such as MEDLINE, PUBMED, and CNKI were reviewed. The foundings indicate that there are a lot of scales to assess diabetic specific quality of life, but no one can involve the following aspects: body function, body structure, activity and participation, and environmental factors except ICF core sets for diabetes mellitus which involve the four aspects listed above. Nowadays an international multi-center validation study of the ICF core sets for 12 chronic conditions is ongoing, and so far there has been no report on the validation of the ICF core sets for diabetes mellitus yet. Through the validation study of the ICF core sets for diabetes mellitus, it is anticipated that the ICF core sets for diabetes mellitus can comprehensively describe health and functional status of diabetic patients, thus can create a valid and common tool or language to assess diabetes mellitus. It will facilitate communication between different disciplines and countries, provide effective interventions and finally improve health and functional level of diabetic patients.