AIM: To study the infection of Demodex folliculorum and the efficacy of tea tree essenial oil combined with fluorometholone for elderly patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).

METHODS: In this retrospective clinical control study, a total of 59 elderly patients(118 eyes)with MGD were included in Ningbo Eye Hospital during September 2017 to March 2018. Symptoms score, Demodex number, Tarsal gland morphology, tear break-up time(BUT), Fluorescein staining(FL)and Schirmer test(SIaT)were evaluated in 38 patients(76 eyes)with positive eyelash examination. The patients were divided into three groups and treated with different methods after blepharoplasty-Groups A(24 eyes), B(26 eyes)and C(26 eyes)were treated with 0.02% fluorometholone eye drops; tea tree essential oil wipes; and 0.02% fluorometholone eye drops combined with tea tree essential oil wipes, respectively. The follow-up was 4wk.

RESULTS: The eyelash Demodex was detected in 76 eyes(64.4%). The scores of subjective symptoms in the three groups were improved after treatment(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the number of Demodex before and after treatment in group A(P=0.11); there were statistical differences in groups B and C(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between group A(P=0.22), groups B and C had significant difference(P<0.05)in BUT before and after treatment. BUT in group C was longer than that in groups A and B, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05)after treatment. FL scores of the three groups before and after treatment were significantly different(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The infection rate of Demodex mites in eyelashes of elderly patients with MGD is higher. Tea tree essential oil wipes combined with 0.02% fluorometholone eye drops can effectively repel mites, improvement of lipid secretion by meibomian gland, and relieve local symptoms of MGD.

Objective: To analyze the bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels in postmenopausal women with idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Methods: A total of 64 postmenopausal women with idiopathic BPPV were selected as the study group, and 98 postmenopausal healthy women were selected as the control group. Bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels were analyzed and compared between the groups.χ² test was used for numeration data and t test was used for measurement data. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia in BPPV group 67.2% (43/64) was significantly higher than that in the control group 51.0% (50/98) (χ²=4.139, P=0.042). Among BPPV subjects, there was a negative correlation between osteocalcin and bone density T (r=-0.469, P<0.001). Osteocalcin was found in normal bone mass subgroup (13.61±4.32)μg/L, decreased bone mass subgroup (17.49±7.61)μg/L, and osteoporosis subgroup (20.83±6.72)μg/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.39, P=0.007). Conclusions Bone mineral density in BPPV group is lower than that in control group. The lower the bone mineral density of the patients, the higher the osteocalcin in BPPV group.

ObjectiveTo investigate the application value of Toshiba 320-row dynamic volumetric CT angiography in the diagnosis of venous erectile dysfunction (VED).

METHODSWe enrolled in this study 33 patients diagnosed with ED by audiovisual sexual stimulation screening in the outpatient department. Penile erection was induced in the patients by injection of 2 mg phentolamine plus 30 mg papaverine into the corpus cavernosum, followed by that of contrast agent of iobitridol through the vein and corpus cavernosum successively. Then 320-row dynamic volumetric CT angiography was performed and the images of the corpus cavernosum in the arterial and venous phases were collected and processed.

RESULTSDifferent degrees of abnormal venous drainage were observed in 29 of the patients, including 7 cases (24.1%) of back deep venous leakage, 6 cases (20.7%) of foot venous leakage, 3 cases (10.3%) of dorsal superficial venous leakage, 1 case (3.5%) of intervertebral venous leakage, 2 cases (6.9%) of cavernous venous leakage, and 10 cases (34.5%) of mixed venous leakage. Ten of the patients underwent surgery, dorsal deep penile vein ligation in 2 cases, dorsal deep vein embedding plus foot vein ligation in 4, and foot vein ligation in the other 4. Eight of the patients were followed up for 3－12 months post-operatively, during which 2 achieved obvious erectile improvement, while the other 6 gained normal penile erection.

CONCLUSIONSToshiba 320-row dynamic volumetric CT angiography is a reliable method for the diagnosis of VED, which displays the precise location of venous leakage for clinical treatment, with the advantages of clearer images, lower doses of contrast agent and radiation, and faster examination than X-ray penile angiography.

Adult ; Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Contrast Media ; Drug Combinations ; Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Injections ; Iohexol ; analogs & derivatives ; Ligation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papaverine ; administration & dosage ; Penile Erection ; Penis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Phentolamine ; administration & dosage ; Veins ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare the stability of subaxial cervical anterior transpedicular screw(ATPS) fixation and three traditional fixations for three-column injury.

METHODSSix specimens of cervical spine were prepared. After measurememt of the range of motion(ROM) in intact state, the specimens were made into three-column injury models. The models were reconstructed with an anterior cervical cage, and stabilized by ATPS, anterior plate(AP), anterior plate + lateral mass screw(AP+LMS) and posterior transpedicular screw(PTPS). The ROM of the models in the four states were measured, and the results of data were compared after standardization.

RESULTSThe normalized ROM of ATPS state in flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation were(77.17±4.75)%, (82.00±2.61)%, (83.17±2.23)%, which were significant small than those in intact state(<0.05). The normalized ROM of AP state in flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation were(119.67±7.42)%, (116.33±7.53)%, (112.67±5.99)% , which were significant larger than those in intact state(<0.05). The normalized ROM of AP in all directions were significant larger than those of ATPS(<0.05). There was no significant difference between normalized ROM of PTPS state and those of ATPS state in flexion-extension and lateral bending(>0.05). The normalized ROM of PTPS state in axial rotation was(6.83±2.48)% and was significant larger than that of ATPS state(=0.009). The normalized ROM of AP+LMS state in flexion-extension was(68.50±2.43)%, which was significant smaller than that of ATPS state(=0.003). There was no significant difference between the normalized ROM of AP+LMS state and those of ATPS state in lateral bending and axial rotation(>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSubaxial cervical three-column injury model reconstruction by ATPS can provide the adequate primary stability, of which biomechanics property is superior compared to AP and PTPS, and is similar to that of AP+LMS. It can be applied to the patients with no need to decompression and reduction through posterior approach.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) combined with epidural injection for prolapsed lumbar disc herniation(PLDH).

METHODSIn this prospective randomized controlled study, the clinical data of 126 patients who had undergone a PELD because of a single-level PLDH from March 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed. There were 67 males and 59 females, ranging in age from 17 to 75 years old with an average of(41.0±13.5) years old, 9 cases were L₃,₄, 76 cases were L₄,₅ and 41 cases were L₅S₁. According to the random number table, the patients were randomized into two groups, with 63 patients in each group. Patients in group 1 were injected normal saline after PLED, patients in group 2 were subjected to an epidural injection of Diprospan, Lidocaine and Mecobalamine after PLED. All the patients were followed up from 6 to 20 months with the mean of 12.4 months. Complications, the postoperative hospital stay, the period of return to work, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were compared between two groups, and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to modified MacNab criteria.

RESULTSAll the operations were successful, and no complications were found. The mean postoperative hospital stay and the period of return to work in group 1 were (4.61±1.25) days and (4.31±0.47) weeks, respectively, and in group 2 were (2.53±0.69) days and (3.14±0.52) weeks, there was significant differences between two groups(=0.000). Postoperative VAS and JOA scores in two groups were obviously improved (=0.000). At 1 day, 1 week, 1 month after operation, VAS, JOA scores in group 2 were better than that of group 1(=0.000), and after 6 months, there was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05). According to the modified MacNab criteria, 39 cases got excellent results, 21 good, 3 fair in group 1, and which in group 2 were 41, 20, 2, respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups(=0.087).

CONCLUSIONSPELD is an mini-invasive technique for PLDH, it can fleetly reduce pain and improve function. And combination with epidural injection has the advantages of pain releasing and function improving in the short-term postoperative period, and it can decrease postoperative hospital stay and time of returning to work, and it is a safe and effective method.

BACKGROUNDShang Ring male circumcision (MC) is a safe surgery with good short-term effects. This retrospective study was performed to investigate the long-term result of patients who had undergone Shang Ring MC.

METHODSA total of 103 patients who underwent the surgery were recruited in the study. Before and after the surgery, a questionnaire inquiring sexual function and sexual satisfaction was filled up. Face-to-face interview was executed. Physical examination of the external genitals was performed and complications were evaluated.

RESULTSThe median follow-up duration was 19.1 months (range from 9 to 28 months). The mean width of penile mucosa was (9.3 ± 2.5) mm. The mean width of scar was (3.7 ± 1.6) mm. No tender pain was found in participants when palpating the penis. No significant or functional complication was observed except of mucosa asymmetry in one case and scar hyperplasia in two cases. The postoperative sexual function did not differ from the preoperative one, although partners showed better satisfaction toward sexual life.

CONCLUSIONShang Ring MC represents a good long-term cosmetic result with no significant complication or adverse effects on sexual function.

Adult ; Cicatrix ; diagnosis ; Circumcision, Male ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap combined with artificial dermis and split-thickness skin graft in the treatment of degloving injury in lower limbs. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From December 2017 to December 2020, 8 patients with large skin and soft tissue defect caused by degloving injury in lower extremity were admitted to Ningbo No.6 Hospital, including 5 males and 3 females, aged from 39 to 75 years, with wound area of 25 cm×12 cm-61 cm×34 cm. The free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with latissimus dorsi muscle in the width of 12-15 cm and flap area of 20 cm×8 cm-32 cm×8 cm was used to repair the skin and soft tissue defect of bone/tendon exposure site or functional area. The other defect was repaired with bilayer artificial dermis, and the flap donor site was sutured directly. After the artificial dermis was completely vascularized, the split-thickness skin graft from thigh was excised and extended at a ratio of 1∶2 to 1∶4 and then transplanted to repair the residual wound, and the donor site of skin graft was treated by dressing change. The survival of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, artificial dermis, and split-thickness skin graft after operation was observed, the interval time between artificial dermis transplantation and split-thickness skin graft transplantation was recorded, and the healing of donor site was observed. The appearance and function of operative area were followed up. At the last outpatient follow-up, the sensory recovery of flap was evaluated by British Medical Research Council evaluation criteria, the flap function was evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation standard of flap in Operative Hand Surgery, the scar of lower limb skin graft area and thigh skin donor area was evaluated by Vancouver scar scale, and the patient's satisfaction with the curative effects was asked. Results: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap survived in 6 patients, while the distal tip of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was partially necrotic in 2 patient and was repaired by skin grafting after resection at split-thickness skin grafting. The artificial dermis survived in all 8 patients after transplantation. The split-thickness skin graft survived in 7 patients, while partial necrosis of the split-thickness skin graft occurred in one patient and was repaired by skin grafting again. The interval time between artificial dermis transplantation and split-thickness skin graft transplantation was 15-26 (20±5) d. The donor site of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap healed with linear scar after operation, and the thigh skin graft donor site healed with scar after operation. The patients were followed up for 6-18 (12.5±2.3) months. The color and elasticity of the flap were similar to those of the surrounding skin tissue, and the lower limb joint activity returned to normal. There was no increase in linear scar at the back donor site or obvious hypertrophic scar at the thigh donor site. At the last outpatient follow-up, the sensation of the flap recovered to grade S₂ or S₃; 3 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, and 1 case was fair in flap function; the Vancouver scar scale score of lower limb skin graft area was 4-7 (5.2±0.9), and the Vancouver scar scale score of thigh skin donor area was 1-5 (3.4±0.8). The patients were fairly satisfied with the curative effects. Conclusions: In repairing the large skin and soft tissue defect from degloving injury in lower extremity, to cover the exposed bone/tendon or functional area with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and the residual wound with artificial dermis and extended split-thickness skin graft is accompanied by harvest of small autologous flap and skin graft, good recovery effect of functional area after surgery, and good quality of healing in skin grafted area.
Cicatrix/surgery* ; Degloving Injuries/surgery* ; Dermis/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity/surgery* ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Superficial Back Muscles/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of posterior axillary approach internal fixation for Ideberg Ⅰa andⅡ glenoid fractures. METHODS: From December 2018 to September 2021, 9 patients with lower part of glenoid fractures were treated by posterior axillary approach, including 3 males and 6 females, aged from 50 to 78 years old. All the fractures were closed fractures. According to Ideberg type of scapular glenoid fracture was type Ⅰa in 6 cases and type Ⅱ in 3 cases. AP and lateral X-ray films of scapula were taken at 6, 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Constant-Murley and disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH), and other complications were recorded at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: Nine patients were followed up, ranged from 6 to 15 months. And bone healing was achieved in all 9 patients at the final follow-up, the healing time 3 to 6 months, Constant-Murley score at the final follow-up ranged from 55 to 96, and DASH score ranged from 3.33 to 33.33. Both of them were better than preoperative. CONCLUSION The posterior axillary approach internal fixation for Ideberg Ⅰa and Ideberg Ⅱ Glenoid fractures scapular fracture is satisfactory and worthy of clinical application.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Shoulder/surgery* ; Scapula/surgery* ; Shoulder Fractures ; Fractures, Closed ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

To investigate the correlation between serum Brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF），Val66Met gene polymorphism and clinical symptoms in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease （PD）. Methods A total of 62 early PD patients and 46 healthy controls were collected from Ningbo First Hospital. General demographics，Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA），Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD），Orthostatic Hypotension （OH） or not，serum BDNF levels，Val66Met genotype were examined in all subjects，duration of disease，Hoehn-Yahr （HY） Rating Scale，Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor scores （UPDRS-Ⅲ），symptom classification （tremor type，rigid type or mixed type） were also assessed in patients. Results PD patients had significantly higher HAMA，HAMD scores，incidence of OH and lower BDNF levels than controls，there was no significant difference in the distribution of Val66Met gene polymorphism between the two groups. Multiple linear regression revealed that BDNF levels were negatively associated with HAMA （P=0.014） and HAMD （P=0.013） scores in PD patients，however，no significant correlation were found between Val66Met polymorphism and clinical symptoms. Conclusion Evident non-motor symptoms can occur in early PD patients，serum BNDF levels were correlated with the degree of anxiety and depression in patients，and Val66Met gene polymorphism may not play an important role in the course of disease.

Under the background of technological assistance to prepare for the Beijing Winter Olympics in China, the biomechanical research highlights and the latest achievements related to competitive performance of alpine skiers in recent years were systematically analyzed in this paper, so as to determine biomechanical factors affecting competitive performance of alpine skiers, including aerodynamic drag, frictional forces, ground reaction force (GRF), energy dissipation, turn radius, trajectory of the skis and/or center of mass (COM). In addition, biomechanical differences in turn techniques, multiple turns connections and abilities of individuals were also considered as important factors affecting the alpine skiing performance. In the case of slalom and giant slalom events, the earlier initiation of turns, longer path length and trajectory, earlier and smoother application of GRF, and carbene technique carving to reduce the ski-snow friction and thereby dissipate energy should be used to improve sports performance. During speed skiing, minimizing the exposed frontal area and positioning the arms close to the body can reduce the energy loss caused by aerodynamic drag, thereby improving sports performance. Top-level alpine skiers will always perform well on different courses, terrains and snow conditions during the race. Excellent alpine ski performance from a biomechanical perspective includes the efficient use of potential energy, minimizing ski-snow friction and aerodynamic drag, choosing optimal trajectory and maintaining high-speed skiing. Individual tactics and techniques should be valued in training and competition. For better results, the same performance on multiple sections and on different terrains is more important than excellence in individual sections and specific conditions.