Objective To explore the sensitivity and accuracy of directly sequenced core and non-structrural protein (NS)5B regions for hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotyping.Methods Fifty-one serum samples from chronic hepatitis C patients were collected in the study.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify core and NS5B regions.Genotypes or subtypes were determined by the phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core and NS5B regions.Results Among the 51 samples,49 (96.1 %)were successfully typed by phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core region.There were overall five genotypes determined in the area,including 1b (61 .2%,30/49 ),2a (20.4%,10/49 ),2b (2.0%,1/49),3a (4.1 %,2/49 )and 6a (12.2%,6/49 ).The positive rate of HCV genotying was 88.2% (45/51 )on the basis of NS5B region.HCV genotypes 1b,2a,2b,3a and 6a were found in 62.2% (28/45),20.0% (9/45 ),2.2% (1/45 ),4.4% (2/45 )and 11 .1 % (5/45 )of the patients, respectively.Conclusion The HCV genotyping based on core regions,compared with that based on NS5B,shows the advantages of primer design,amplification efficiency and accuracy,suggesting that it has the priority to be used in the epidemiological and clinical study of HCV genotyping.

OBJECTIVETo find out the rate of comorbidities of depression, anxiety disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with epilepsy and to analyze the relevant affecting factors and impacts on quality of life.

METHODTotally 142 children with various types of epilepsy underwent neuropsychological assessment with the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, an 18-item parent-rated questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, the quality of life was measured in 100 cases on antiepileptic medications by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). The comorbidity rates were calculated using t-test, chi(2) test and multiple logistic analysis, the variables associated with psychiatric comorbidities were determined, and the impact on quality of life was analyzed.

RESULT(1) The total rate of emotional and behavioral comorbidities was 57.7% (82/142), the frequency of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was 14.8%, 44.4% and 17.6%, respectively. The suicidal ideation occasionally occurred in 5.6% of the cases and 0.7% of cases often had the ideation, but no suicidal action was found in any case. (2) Risk factors for the emotional and behavioral disorders: multiple logistic analysis indicated that age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables were not relative to the comorbidities, P > 0.05, there were interactions among the disorders. (3) The impact on the quality of life: The emotional and behavioral conditions were associated with the low quality of life, which was significantly lower in epileptic children with co-morbid disorder compared to non-comorbidities epilepsy group. Especially negative impact on the total score of quality of life and four sub-items such as overall quality, emotional well-being, cognitive and social function, P < 0.001. There were also significant differences between the two groups in the other three sub-items including fear for seizure attack, energy/fatigue and medication effects (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of emotional and behavioral disorders including depress disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was considerably high in children with epilepsy. Age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables are not associated with the emotional and behavioral comorbidities, which interfere with each other. Emotional and behavioral disorder is one of the negative factors to the quality of life in epileptic patients. Neuropsychological assessment and treatment are important for improvement of the quality of life in children with epilepsy.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Comorbidity ; Emotions ; Epilepsy ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of myringotomy with insertion of tube and tympanocentesis on alleviating secretory otitis media (SOM) and hearing loss in cleft palate infants.

METHODSNineteen cleft lip and palate infants with SOM and hearing loss (38 ears) were treated with myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tube at the same time of repair of the cleft lip, who were performed averagely at 6.9 months of age. Fifteen cleft lip and palate infants with SOM (30 ears) were treated with tympanocentesis at the same time of repair of the cleft lip averagely at 6.6 months of age. All cases were followed up from 1 week to 12 months and estimated by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and acoustic immitance audiometry.

RESULTSThe average wave V reacting thresholds of ABR were separately 55.41 dBnHL and 28.48 dBnHL, and 79.17% tympanogram B changed to tympanogram A in cleft palate infants with insertion of tube before and after operation. The average wave V reacting thresholds of ABR were separately 40.63 dBnHL and 26.50 dBnHL, and 40.91% tympanogram B changed to tympanogram A in cleft palate infants with tympanocentesis preoperatively and in 1 week postoperatively, in whom the average hearing thresholds and tympanograms had no significant difference preoperatively and in 1 or 3 months postoperatively (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe early myringotomy with insertion of tube is effective to restore the function of the middle ear in cleft palate infants with SOM, so to suggest to be performed at the same time of the repair of cleft lip within the first 1-year of life. The tympanocentesis should not be used as a regular management in the cleft palate infants with SOM.

Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Ear Diseases ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVETo analyze the early clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for the treatment of old acetabular fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to June 2010, thirteen patients with old acetabular fractures were reviewed, including 10 males and 3 females. Ten patients were treated with internal fixation and conservative treatment had been used in three patients. The average Harris Hip Score was used to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAfter operation, all thirteen patients were followed up for one year. Hip X-ray films were taken and prosthesis loosening was not seen on any of the films at the 1st year after operation. The Harris Hip Score improved from preoperative (37.19 +/- 20.12) to postoperative (83.38 +/- 3.33), there was statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSIONFor reasons of malunion or failure of internal fixation, large and various bone defect, it's difficult to reach the anatomical reduction. THA is a good treatment method, but it needs rich skills and experience compared with ordinary operation.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To observe the T cells immune response to Enolase (Eno),an immunodominant antigen of Candida albicans.Methods Determined the frequencies of positive spot-forming cells (SFCs) of Eno antigen-specific T cells secreting IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A in the PBMCs of 25 healthy individuals by ELISPOT assay.Results After Eno stimulation,the SFCs of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL 17A in 25 healthy persons were 14.00(8.50,39.00),0(0,0) and 2(1,4.50),respectively.Either the SFCs of IFN-γ or those of IL-17A were significantly higher than those of IL-4 (P＜0.05).The difference between SFCs of IFN-γ and those of IL-17A was also significant (P=0).The response rates of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A were 100％ (25/25),4.00％ (1/25) and 88.00％ (22/25),respectively.The difference between either IFN-γor IL 17A and IL-4 was significant (values all P＜0.05).Eno induced strong response (SCFs≥20) for IFN-γ in 10 healthy individuals (40.00％,10/25),but failed to induce strong response for IL-17A and IL-4 in all the volunteers.Major healthy individuals (84.00％,21/25)showed both Th1 and Th17 cells response against Eno,12.00％ (3/25) showing Th1 cells response in isolation,and none showed Th2 or Th17 cells response individually.Conclusion Eno of Candida albicans could induce immunodominant responses of Th1 and Th17 cells,which was considered to provide protection to IC.Eno might be a potential protective vaccine against IC.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in Chinese elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods: 73 AML patients over the age of 60 were enrolled. CGA stratification included the following 3 instrument assessment: activity of daily living (ADL) ; instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) ; comorbidity score according to the Modified cumulative illness rating score for geriatrics (MCIRS-G) . According to CGA and age, the enrolled patients were grouped into 'fit', 'unfit' and 'frail' categories. Results: The median age of 73 elderly AML patients were 75 years old. According to CGA, 37 (50.1%) patients were classified as 'fit', 14 (19.2%) as 'unfit', and 22 (30.7%) as 'frail'. 33 (89.2%) patients in fit group received induction chemotherapy, or demethylation treatment, as 8 (57.9%) in unfit, 10 (45.5%) in frail. The overall response rate was 68.7%、62.5%, 75.0% in fit, unfit, and frail group, respectively (χ(2)=0.615, P=0.769) .The early mortality (8 weeks) in three groups were different: 5.4%, 7.1%, 27.3%, respectively (P<0.05) . The 1-year overall survival in the 'fit', 'unfit' and 'frail' groups was 64.9%, 28.6% and 22.7%, respectively (P<0.05) . The CGA score, age, ECOG score, WHO classification (2016) were the prognostic factors of AML patients. Conclusion: CGA can be used to determine the prognosis of elderly AML patients.
Aged ; Comorbidity ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Prognosis

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but none of the current treatments for PD can halt the progress of the disease due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis. In PD development, the communication between the brain and the gastrointestinal system influenced by gut microbiota is known as microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the explicit mechanisms of microbiota dysbiosis in PD development have not been well elucidated yet. FLZ, a novel squamosamide derivative, has been proved to be effective in many PD models and is undergoing the phase I clinical trial to treat PD in China. Moreover, our previous pharmacokinetic study revealed that gut microbiota could regulate the absorption of FLZ