Opioid dependence is based on compensatory adaptations in neurons following chronic exposure to opioids. Recent researches show antagonists of N methyl D aspartate (NMDA) receptors inhibit physical and psychic dependence on opioids. This review focuses on the interactions between opioid receptor system and NMDA receptor system, and on the molecular mechanisms of NMDA receptor contributing to opioid dependence. The clinical prospects of NMDA receptor antagonists and related substances on preventing and treating opioid dependence are aslo discussed.

Objective To study the pregnancy opportunity,treatment of complications,time of ending pregnancy and treatment during and after pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Method Prospective study on pregnant patients with SLE was carried out between 2000 and 2003 in Qingdao Municipal Hospital.There were total 29 patients enrolled,all which didn't have cytotoxic drugs at least six months before conception,among whom 23 patients'disease were under control over one year and had low-dose glucocorticoids before pregnancy,two had disease activity under control by mid-and high-dose glucocorticoids within one year and have been pregnant without the direction of the doctor,four new onset during the pregnancy.Results All patients had flares during pregnancy or had multi-complications,10 cases had pregnancy hypertension syndrome,six cases had heart failure during the late pregnancy,three had extensive interstitial lung disease during the late pregnancy.All patients stopped the pregnancy at 30~37 weeks,the total 29 live infants had neither neonatal lupus nor maternal-fetal death.Conclusion The maternal-fetal safety can be increased significantly when disease activity was controlled over one year.Glucocorticoids should be applied when disease flared during pregnancy and postpartum is the key of success,Stop as pregnancy when there are complications in order to improve maternal-fetal safety.

Imidazoline-1 receptors (I1R) are now generally accepted as novel receptors,and IRAS(imidazoline receptor antisera selected protein) is I1R candidate protein.The review summarized the definition,characterization,distribution and signal transduction mechanism of I1R and IRAS,and then compared I1R with IRAS from the above aspects

Objective To study the diagnostic value of the morphological changes to deep fascia in distinguishing between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors in lower limbs using 3.0 T MRI. Methods MR images of 40 consecutive patients with 41 pathologically proven soft-tissue tumors of the lower limbs were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. Lesions were divided into four groups according to their predominant location with respect to the deep fascia: (1)Subcutaneous lesions superficial to the deep fascia (n=7). (2) Lesions located beneath the deep fascia (n=8). (3) Lesions in the interspaces of the deep fascia investment (n=10). (4) Intramuscular lesions (n=16). The relationship between tumors and the deep fascia and the morphology changes of deep fascia were analyzed. Lesions of groups (1) (2) were considered as superficial lesions, while lesions of group (3) (4) were considered as deeper lesions. The size differences between those had intact deep fascia and those had destructed deep fascia in superficial lesions and in deeper lesions were evaluated by using Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. P values < 0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results The deep fascial structures were intact in all of the 16 pathologically proven benign lesions. In 23 of the 25 malignant lesions, there was destruction of the deep fascia with the signs of displacement/disruption of the deep fascia and penetrating growth in (1) (2), and displacement/distruption of intermuscular septum as well as involvement of interspaces of the deep fascial investment and loss of integrity of the fascial/muscular planes in (3) (4). Only 2 malignant lesions demonstrate intact deep fascia. In superficial lesions [(1) (2)] , the maximum size were (5.0±3.8) cm (Median ± Interquartile Range) in those had intact deep fascia, and (5.7±6.90) cm in those had destruction signs (T=47.5, P >0.05). In deeper lesions [(3) (4)] the maximum size were (4.6±1.9) cm of those had intact deep fascia, and (13.6±6.5) cm of those had destruction signs (T= 62.5, P <0.01). Distinguish malignant from benign lesions on the signs of destructed deep fascia, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 92.0% (23/25), 100% (16/16), and 95. 1% (39/,41), respectively. Conclusions Tumor involvements and disruption of the deep fascial structures visualized by 3.0 T MR imaging may be of utility in differentiating malignant from benign soft-tissue tumors.

Background and purpose:There is growing evidence that metformin,a commonly used drug in the treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes,may impede the growth of human tumors.However in a recent study it was found that metformin treatment might result in promotion of the angiogenic phenotype and increase tumorigenic progression.In this study we investigated the effects of metformin on the migration and invasion abilities of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro and explored the possible underlying mechanisms.Methods:A549 cells were treated with 0.5,2 and 8 mmol/L metformin for 72 hrs.The laterad-migration and invasion abilities of the cells in vitro were measured by scratch assay and Boyden-Chamber assay,respectively.Expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA of the cells before and after metformin treatment were measured by Real-time PCR.Results:The migration rate of A549 cells was increased after treated by metformin at the concentration of 8 mmol/L.The invasion ability was also signifi cantly increased by 8 mmol/L metformin treatment from 37.4?4.6 to 59.8?7.2(P

Objective To construct a fusion gene vaccine of gastric cancer MG7-Ag mimotope and heat shock protein 70, and to investigate the humoral and cellular immune response in mice induced by the vaccine. Methods The coding sequence of MG7 mimotope was incorporated with HSP70 gene at the 3' terminus by PCR amplification. Then the PCR product was cloned into pcDNA3.1(+) vector to construct the eukaryotic expression vector. The pcDNA3.1/MG7+hsp70 was sequenced to ensure the proper encoding. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the fusion gene vaccine, and pcDNA3.1/hsp70 and empty pcDNA3.1 were used as controls. The serum was collected at the 3rd week after each immunization. Cellular ELISA was performed to evaluate the induced humoral immunity. The splenocytes were first separated at the 9th week for the assay of antigen specific CTL lysis activity by 51Cr release. Results A fragment about 2.0 kb was obtained by PCR amplification. Sequence analysis revealed that the sequence of mimotope was connected successfully to 3' terminus of hsp70 and the fusion gene was cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+) successfully. Cellular ELISA results suggested that the serum level of MG7-Ag antibody appeared in the vaccinated mice at 9th week, while no MG7-Ag antibody was detected in the controls. The results of the specific lysis rate of splenocytes showed no statistical difference between fusion gene vaccine group and control groups. Conclusion The fusion gene vaccine was constructed successfully and the specific humoral immune response was induced by the fusion gene vaccine.

Objective To construct adenovirus vector harboring CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? gene for the study of enhancement blockade of T cell costimulatory pathway. Methods The IRES2 fragment was cloned in to the shuttle plasmid pAdtrack-CMV-CTLA4Ig, and then the human I?B? fragment was constructed with the link of the IRES2 to the pAdtrack-CMV-CTLA4Ig. Subsequently, adenovirus vector harboring CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? was constructed by homologous recombination in E. coli BJ5183, and recombinant vector was packaged and propagated in 293 cells. Results The recombinant CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? adenovirus was constructed by homologous recombination and identified by PCR and restrictive enzyme digestion methods. Conclusion The recombinant CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? adenovirus may be used as a novel immunosuppressive agent for gene therapy in organ transplantation.

Objective:To establish a mouse model with the main characteristics of asthma and to study the pathogenesis of its airway inflammation.Methods:Mice were given latex by the intraperitoneal sensitization/intranasal challenge.BALF histology were examined 24 hours following tracheal challenge;cytokines and serum total and specific IgE were examined in one month and the expression of IL-5?IFN-? were performed by ELISA ?RT-PCR.Results:After the latex challenge,in experimental group,the number of total BALF cells and the percentage of eosinophils elevated;the histological analysis showed the elevation of mucus production and goblet cell development within bronchial epithelium,spasm and constraction of bronchia ,marked peribronchial infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes; the elevation of total and specific IgE;reduction of IFN-? and increase of IL-5 in the BALF and lung.Conclusion:Latex sensitization and challenge can lead to airway eosinophilia,allergen-specific IgE induction and production of Th2 type cytokines, which were the main characteristics of asthma.

Proteins of the phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein(PEBP) family are highly conserved throughout nature and have multiple biological functions.These small,cytosolic proteins have a typical large central sheet and a putative ligand-binding site which shares an affinity for a variety of ligands such as phospholipids,opioids,nucleotides,hydrophobic odorant molecules.PEBP plays a pivotal modulatory role in Raf-1/MEK/ERK、I?B/NF-?B、GPCR signaling cascades.As the precursor of the hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide(HCNP),PEBP may play an important role in the septal cholinergic development of the hippocampal.In addition,PEBP has the potential to contribute to neural protection,biogenesis and refinement of the membrane,Alzheimers disease(AD),opioid dependence,diabetic nephropathy,cancer and other physiological or pathophysiological processes.

Objective To investigate the influence of a catastrophic event to the mental health of servicemen,and to observe the effect of mental intervention and drug treatment for them after experiencing a catastrophic flood attack.Methods 57 servicemen survived a catastrophic flood attack were regarded as the disaster group,and 70 others who were not involved in the flood disaster were regarded as the control group.The service men of the two groups were subjected to investigation with Chinese Military Mental Health Scale(CMMHS),and corresponding mental intervention or medication was given to those who had experienced mental disorders.Results The disaster resulted in different degrees of somatic trauma and various mental disorders including instability of emotion,mental depression,grievance,nervous tension,sensation of fear,sleep disorder and apprehensions.The influential factor scores of CMMHS,including compulsive neurosis,anxiety,depression,fear,psychosis,somatization,interpersonal sensitiveness,and total score were much higher in disaster group than that in control group,and that of norm of Chinese servicemen,while the neurasthenia factor score in disaster group showed no significant difference with that in control group and that of normal Chinese servicemen.The main influential factors to changes in mental health of the servicemen were witness of someone washed away by the flood,and participation in identifying corpses.Conclusion The mental health of servicemen who experienced a catastrophic flood disaster was harmed in various degrees,and medication or mental intervention appeared to be of value.