Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Fenretinide ; therapeutic use ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism

10.3969/j.issn.1008-9691.2013.03.014

Tight junctions(TJ) are the primary junctions between intestinal epithelia.TJ serves as the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity and the rate-limiting barrier to passive movement of hydrophilic solutes across intestinal epithelia.The disrupture of TJ may cause or promote some diseases.This review is about structure,biological functions,molecular regulating mechanisms of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and some related diseases.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of normal cell physiological development, in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchyme cells through a specific program. EMT plays a key role in inflammatory reaction, cell development, tumor invasion, and metastasis and has an interrelation with prostate cancer stem cells. Recent researches show the involvement of EMT in the development and metastasis of prostate cancer. This article reviews the specific roles and action mechanisms of EMT in the progression of prostate cancer.
Biomedical Research ; Cell Differentiation ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; physiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective: High tibial osteotomy treated medial compartment serious osteoarthritis of the knee with varus deformity,and relieving arthritic pain,correcting deformity and normal femoraltibial axial alignment.Methods:From May 1992 to February 1998,18 cases(21 knees) were operated on,We chose fit patients and planed osteotomy angle.Results:All cases were followed up for an average 3.2 years,according to Coventry's rating system,81% of the whole series had a good or excellent results.Conclusion:It increases the medial joint space width and corrects femoraltibial axial alignment,allows for healing of the articular cartilage.Satisfactory results were obtained.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between pemphigus vulgaris(PV) and HLA-DR,DQ haplotypes in Han nations of northeast China.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP) method was used to detect the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles of 27 PV patients of Han nation of northeast China, analysed haplotyes and compared with 99 healthy controls.Results:Compared with control group, the frequencies of the haplotypes of HLA-DRB1*140x-DQB1*0503,DRB1*140x-DQB1*0201,DRB1*120x-DQB1*0503 and DRB1*140x-DQB1*0302 increased significantly in PV group. After statistical test, the difference between the two groups was significant.Conclusion:The special haplotypes may contribute to genetic susceptibility to PV in northeast Chinese.

Objective: A marked deficiency of glutamine in clinical critical illness is correlated with mortality in the intensive care unit, and intestinal glutamine transport was reported to be impaired in late sepsis. Berberine was reported to protect against the intestine injury, and improve the survival rate in sepsis. We designed this study to gain further knowledge of the intestinal glutamine transport in early and late sepsis, and to find out whether beberine pretreatment has some effect on glutamine transport in sepsis. Methods: Berberine (50 mg/kg) was given intragastrically once a day for 5 days, and sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture on day 5. The small intestinal samples were collected at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 h. Intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were prepared by Mg~(2+) aggregation-differential centrifugation techniques, and brush border glutamine transport was studied by a rapid filtration technique. Results: Under control condition, Na~+-dependent glutamine transport accounted for about 90% of the total transport. The relative contributions of ATA2, ATB~(0,+), B~0AT1 were about 12, 25, 63%, respectively. Septic rats showed an early increase and a late decrease in intestinal glutamine transport. ATA2 had an earlier increase in the early stage, while B0AT1 had no significant increase. Berberine pretreated group had a relative less increase in early phase and a less decrease in late phase compared to sepsis group. Conclusion: Rat intestinal glutamine transport showed an early increase and a late decrease in sepsis, and berberine pretreatment could attenuate the impairment of glutamine transport in sepsis. It may provide some information for sepsis treatment.

AIM:To determine the effects of glutamine ( Gln) pretreatment on occludin protein in the rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion ( I/R ) injury.METHODS: Male Wistar rats ( n =30 ) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10):sham group, I/R group and Gln pretreatment group.The rats in Gln pretreatment group were pretreated with Gln at dose of 1 g? kg-1? d-1 by orogastric route for 7 d, and those in the other 2 groups were pretreated with the same volume of normal saline .Intestinal I/R was induced by 30-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 24 h of reperfusion.After the operation, the levels of IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, SOD and MDA were measured.The occludin protein was determined by the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting .RESULTS: The occludin protein level in I/R group was significantly lower than that in sham group and Gln group (P<0.05).The levels of MDA and TNF-αin I/R group were significantly higher than those in sham group and Gln group ( P<0.05 ) .The levels of SOD , IL-10 and IL-2 in I/R group were significantly lower than those in sham group and Gln group ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION:Glutamine has a protective effect on occludin protein in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury .The mechanism may be rela-ted to oxidative stress response and inflammatory inhibition .

Objective To evaluate the significance of homocysteine(HCY)and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)in the diagnosis and treatment of the renal damage in hypertension.Methods Seventy-two patients were divided into 3 groups according to the indicators of renal damage of hypertension.HCY in blood and the parameters of three grades renal artery with CDFI were measured and compared with 20 controls.Besides these，the relationship between HCY and resistant index(RI)of interlobar renal artery (IRA)was also analysed.Results①The level of HCY in hypertension was much more higher than the level in controls.HCY increased with the damage of renal function，and there were significant differences between different groups(P＜0.05).②The Vmax and Vmin were slower gradually，but PI and RI were higher with the severity of the renal damage(P＜0.01).③HCY were positive correlation with IRNs RI(r=0，35，P＜0.0 1).Conclusions The changes of CDFI can reflect the conditions of renal blood flow，it is possible to know renal blood flow by measuring RI of IRA.The level of HCY will increase gradually with the degression of renal function，it iS useful to evaluate the renal damage.The measurement of CDFI for hypertensive patients is valuable not only for the evaluations of their renal function but also for the severity of hyperhomocysteinemal and their therapy condition.

As a new model of pre-cancer, organoid is essential for the basic understanding of tumor characteristic and effective tumor treatment. Organoids derived from prostate play an especially important role in the research of fundamental oncology and anticancer drug screen against prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts derived directly from primary human tumors are widely used now as models to study prostate cancer and have proven very valuable. But there are some caveats and shortcomes of these two models that have to be accounted for. Here we outline organoid as a third preclini?cal cancer model which may potentially overcome the shortcomes of cancer cell lines and PDTX. This article aims to summa?rizee recent progress of the role of organoid in prostate cancer research.