Objective To evaluate safety and clinical significance of single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for small intestinal diseases. Methods Data of 83 patients with suspected or known small intestinal diseases, who underwent SBE from March 2009 to July 2010, were reviewed in terms of preparation time,procedure time, detection rate and complication occurrence. Results The 83 patients included 37 cases of digestive tract bleeding, 38 chronic abdominal pain, 1 chronic diarrhea, 2 fever and 5 incomplete ileus. A total of 94 procedures of SBE were performed, including oral route in 46 patients, anal route in 26 and both routes in 11. Excluding 6 cases with endoscopic therapy, the mean procedure time of oral approach was 29.6 ± 10. 3 min, and that of anal route was 57.1 ± 15.6 min. Abnormalities were detected in 57 ( 68.7% )of the 83 patients, with detection rate of 81.1% (30/37) in digestive tract bleeding with unknown reason,57. 8% (22/38) in chronic abdominal pain of unknown reason, 50. 0% (1/2) in fever of unknown reason and 80. 0% (4/5) in incomplete ileus. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was diagnosed in 6 patients and endoscopic polypectomy was performed, with complicated bleeding in one patient. No other procedure-related complications were observed. Conclusion SBE is well-tolerated and safe for diagnosis of small intestine diseases,with easy manipulatiou, short procedure time, high detection rate and satisfactory location of intestinal hemorrhagic lesions.

Objective Summarize the experience in the surgical treatment of multiple original colon cancer in aged patients. Methods The retrospective analysis was performed in the 46 cases of multiple original colon cancer in aged patients in our hospital from August 1955 to May 2000. Results The 46 cases of multiple original colon cancer in aged patients account for 7.6% (46/608) of the total cases of colon cancer in patients in the same period. There were 26 cases of the male and 20 cases of the female. 30 cases were colon cancer with tumors from other organs. "The different time cancer" could be found 31 years later. The follow-up rate was 100%. The survival rates for 3,5,10,15,20 years were 71.1%(27/38), 63.6%(21/33), 43.3%(13/30), 28.6%(8/28) and 16.0%(4/25) respectively. In this study, we found that the survival rate of the group was higher than that of the aged patients suffering colon cancer in the same period of time. Conclusions The number of multiple original colon cancer in aged patients has been increased in the decade. The incidence was 43.5% (20/46) in the study. With the development of society, both doctors and patients have improved their knowledge about multiple original carcinomas in aged patients. The positive rate of early diagnosis was promoted to a high level, especially in the monitor and treatment of per operation. Choosing the energetic operation, we will acquire the better therapeutic efficacy for treatment of multiple original cancer in aged patients.

In order to obtain the phase I clinical trial data safely and accurately , the subjects management is very important .The purpose of this paper is to introduce the subjects management model during recruitment , screening and observation and discuss the phase I subjects management strategy , according to the author ’ s practical experience and the working model of phase I clinical trials in hospital .

OBJECTIVETo study incidence and death among previous paid blood-donated AIDS sufferers.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was adopted to study incidence and death of 373 previous paid blood-donated HIV sufferers and its effect factors.

RESULTSPrevious paid blood-donated HIV infection was serious and the infection rate in blood-donated crowd was 35.87% (373/1040); the mean incubation period of AIDS was 8.87 years (95% CI: 8.76 - 8.99, Kaplan-Meier method); the cumulative incidence of AIDS (10 years) was 92.23% (344/373), and the incidence of total sufferers was 11.64/100 person-year; the cumulative probability of survival of one-year, three-year, five-year AIDS sufferers was separately 94.48% (325/344), 85.76% (295/344) and 83.14% (286/344), median survival time was over 5 years; the anti-virotic treatment days (960.29 +/- 486.38), infection age (33.39 +/- 9.08) disease age (41.98 +/- 8.88) had significant effects on AIDS sufferers' survival time/survival rate (chi(2) = 61.355, P = 0.000; chi(2) = 6.555, P = 0.010; chi(2) = 3.969, P = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONThe survival time of previous paid blood-donated HIV cases was longer, and their survival rate was higher, remarkably higher than the UNAIDS' research findings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Blood Donors ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survival Rate

Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) is a kind of autosomal dominant inherited disease. Patient in the study presented with Cushing's syndrome, and clinical and pathological diagnosis of PPNAD was confirmed. It is now confirmed that there are two relevant genes and their mutations may lead to PPNAD. This study showed no mutations in the patient, surpecting if there would be an alternative mechanism or a new gene in playing the role.

BACKGROUND:The production and release of a large amount of inflammatory factors caused by immune system inflammatory response mainly contributes to secondary spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on repair of injured neurological function and expression of inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 10 in rats with acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty-one healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equaly divided into sham operation, model and cel transplantation groups, with 27 rats per group. Rats in the latter two groups were subjected to hemisection of the spinal cord to establish acute spinal cord injury models. Rat models in the cel transplantation group received umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cel injection (1×106)via the tail vein. Rat neurological function was evaluated using the BBB score at different time points after spinal cord injury. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 10 in injured spinal cord tissue was detected using ELISA assay at different time points after spinal cord injury. Migration and neuronal differentiation of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels in the injured spinal cord tissue were determined using immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham operation and model groups, rat neurological function was significantly recovered in the cel transplantation group (P < 0.05). Compared to the model group, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 level in the serum and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue were significantly lower (P < 0.05), but interleukin 10 mRNA and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the cel transplantation group. In the cel transplantation group, umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels could migrate to the injured region and express glial fibrilary acidic protein. These findings suggest that umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels promote rat neurological function recovery by regulating the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord tissue, which is likely to be one of mechanisms by which transplantation of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels treats spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVEOver the last few decades, diabetic cardiomyopathy has been identified as a significant contributor in cardiac morbidity. However, the mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have not been clarified.

METHODSIn the present study, a diabetic rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The myocardial CD147 expression and extent of glycosylation, as well as thematrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs) expression and activity, were observed in the diabetic and synchronous rats.

RESULTSThe results showed that CD147 located on sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes. The myocardial CD147 expression and glycosylation were significantly increased in the diabetic rats as compared with the control. Expression of MMP-2 protein, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were also increased in left ventricular myocardium in the diabetic rats. Tamoxifen only inhibited the enhanced expression of myocardial CD147 in the diabetic rats, but not in synchronous control rats. Tamoxifen inhibited glycosylation of myocardial CD147 in both diabetic and control rats. The inhibition of tamoxifen on CD147 glycosylation was stronger than on the expression in the myocardium. The extent of myocardial CD147glycosylation was positively related toMMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Tamoxifen induced an inhibition of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the control and diabetic rats.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that myocardial CD147 expression, especially the extent of glycosylation, regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, then accelerates cardiac pathological remodeling inducing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Tamoxifen inhibits myocardial CD147 glycosylation and further depress the activity of MMPs. Therefore, tamoxifen may protect the diabetic rats against diabetic myocardium.

Animals ; Basigin ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Glycosylation ; Heart ; drug effects ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Sarcolemma ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

Objective To establish a rabbit model of restenosis and analyze the expressions of VEGFmRNA and TGF-?_1mRNA during the intimal proliferation.We also explored the relationship between VEGFmRNA,TGF-?_1mRNA and restenosis.Methods 40 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were evenly divided into three injury groups and one control group.Right carotid arteries were injured with PCI balloon in the injury groups.10 rabbits of each injury group were sacrificed on weeks 1,2 and 4 after the injury.VEGFmRNA and TGF-?_1mRNA were examined by in situ hybridization.All the samples were analyzed using a computerized imaging analysis system.Results In the injury groups,neointimal areas were significantly larger than those in control group(P

Following the reformation of the new drug classification , it be-comes a new issue of how to confirm the bioequivalence for category 2 new drugs, i.e., the Modified New Products.There are occasional cases when the modified ones are bio -( pharmacokinetic ) but not clinical -equivalent compare to their reference products , and vice versa.If it comes up with different results , clinical-equivalence is considered to be more powerful compare to bio -equivalent result , and the regulatory approval will be done mainly based on clinical rather than bio -equivalent result alone.The present paper provides decision -making cases done by different authorities on products for which the bio -equivalent results are negative while they are proved to be clinically equivalent .These cases provide new ways of thinking for local pharmaceutical companies and can also be used as references for China Food and Drug Administration ( CFDA) in reviewing the same kind of products .

BACKGROUND:WWOX,a tumor suppressor gene,can affect the growth of ovarian cancer stem cells;however,there is no report on whether its mechanism of action is related to Hedgehog signaling pathway.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of overexpression of WWOX on the apoptosis of ovarian cancer stem cells.METHODS:pcDNA3.1-WWOX (pcDNA3.1-WWOX group) and pcDNA4.0-WWOX (pcDNA4.0-WWOX group) were transferred into ovarian cancer stem cells,respectively;and meanwhile,pcDNA3.1 (pcDNA3.1 group) and pcDNA4.0 (pcDNA4.0 group) were transferred into the cells.A non-transfection group (only with Lipofectamine2000) was set up.After cultured 48 hours,the levels of WWOX in the pcDNA3.1-WWOX group and pcDNA4.0-WWOX group were detected using western blot assay,and the cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using MTT assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Western blot assay was also used to detect the levels of Hedgehog signaling pathway associated proteins,SHH,PTCH1,Gli-1,SMO and apoptosis-related protein Cleaved Caspase-3 in the cells.Cyclopamine,Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor,was used in ovarian cancer stem cells without transfection (cyclopamine group) and after the transfection of WWOX overexpression vector (WWOX+cyclopamine group) followed by 48 hours of culture,and then MTT,flow cytometry and western blot detections were performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The expression level of WWOX in the pcDNA4.0-WWOX group was significantly higher than that in the pcDNA3.1-WWOX group (t=27.84,P=0.00).The ovarian cancer stem cells which were transfected with pcDNA4.0-WWOX were used to overexpress WWOX in the late experiment.(2) Overexpression of WWOX could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer stem cells and promote the apoptosis of ovarian cancer stem cells.(3) Overexpression of WWOX could inhibit the expression of Gii-1,PTCH1,SMO and SHH in ovarian cancer stem cells,and promote the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3.(4) Cyclopamine could inhibit the expression of SHH,PTCH 1,Gli-1,SMO,and promote the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3.Cyclopamine had obvious inhibitory effect on Hedgehog signaling pathway.(5) Cyclopamine could enhance the apoptosis induced by overexpression of WWOX in ovarian cancer stem cells,and enhance the inhibition of proliferation of ovarian cancer stem cells induced by overexpression of WWOX.To conclude,WWOX effects on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer stem cells may be related to the inhibition of Hedgehog signaling pathway.