Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; chemistry ; Female ; Group II Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group IV Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group V Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group X Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To establish the reference databases for bone mineral density(BMD)in multiple skeletal regions,which would be useful for diagnosis of osteoporosis(OP)and prediction of fracture risk in adult women in Qingdao.Methods BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at skeletal regions of lumbar spine,left hip(femoral neck,Ward's triangle and greater trochanter)in 868 healthy adult women aged 25- 83 years and 191 women with fractures.BMD of skeletal regions with age-related change was found to fit in 8 kinds of regression models.Best model equations of fitting were found and the reference database was established.BMD of women with fractures was compared with the reference databases to predict the risk of fracture.Results BMD in 6 skeletal regions changed with aging and a cubic regression model was better fitted with aged-related change as compared with other regression models.The coefficients of determination(R~2)of fitting curve were 0.21?0.09 (P＜0.01).The BMD reference databases of women in Qingdao were established by cubic regression equation, the peak BMD of lumbar spine and hip appeared at 25-29,and 40-44 years old groups respectively.Finally,the BMD in fracture group was significantly decreased by 1.6-2.5 s as compared with the peak BMD of health women. Conclusion The bone quantity is lost rapidly after 45 years old in women.If the BMD in women after 50 years old is decreased by 1.6-2.5 s compared with the peak BMD in the same area,the risk of fracture is increased.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Nourishingyin and Promotingblood flow recipe (NYPBR) on the kidney of diabetic rat.

METHODSD rats were divided into 3 groups at random: control group, diabetes group and NYPBR group. The latter two groups were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to induce diabetes model. Rats in NYPBR group were fed NYPBR solution (3 g x d(-1)), with dose equivalent to the clinical use in the patients. Rats in the other groups were fed equivalent water. 10 weeks after diabetes was induced, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in the renal cortex was detected by RT-PCR, and its protein content by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the formation of nitrotyrosine (NT), a specific marker of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). The morphological changes of renal cortex were observed under optical microscope. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal cortex, blood glucose, 24 h urine protein content and creatinine clearance rate in different groups were detected.

RESULTCompared with control group, the iNOS mRNA expression (0.90 +/- 0.10) and its protein content (43.00 +/- 6.08), and NT content (87.23 +/- 5.94) increased significantly in diabetes group, in accord with the pathological changes of renal cortex and renal dysfunction. NYPBR can attenuate the pathological alterations.

CONCLUSIONNYPBR could decrease iNOS mRNA expression and its protein content, and reducing the overformation of ONOO-, thus protecting the kidney of diabetic rat from injury.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tyrosine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism

Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Heart Septal Defects ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Time Factors

AIMTo explore the changes of rat platelet phospholipase A2 (PLA2) mRNA content in bacteria infected rat and study the cDNA and amino acid sequences of the PLA2 structure to lay a good foundation for the development of new antibiotics.

METHODSThe PLA2 mRNA level in blood was determined by RT-PCR. The DNA sequence was cloned and analyzed.

RESULTSAfter injection of bacteria in rats, the mRNA level of PLA2 in blood increased markedly. The cDNA and amino acid sequence were highly homologous to other PLA2 cDNA from different tissues of the rat.

CONCLUSIONPlatelet PLA2 in blood responded quickly to bacteria infection in gene level. Therefore, the PLA2 protein was produced increasingly which was shown to control the infection with bacteria. Although there are little difference between PLA2 cDNA cloned from blood and other sources in DNA and amino acid sequences, the catalytic site for enzymatic activity and basic structure are identical.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phospholipases A ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Staphylococcal Infections ; blood ; Staphylococcus aureus

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility of using subclinical doses of pentazocine in painless egg retrieval.

METHODSEighty-one patients undergoing painless egg retrieval were randomized into the observation group and the control group to receive 0.4 mg/kg pentazocine with 1.5 mg/kg propofol and 0.5 mg/kg pentazocine with 1.5 mg/kg propofol, respectively. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SPO(2), respiratory rate (RR), unconsciousness time, awake time, hospital stay, complications, consciousness during the operation and adverse effects were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe two groups showed no significant differences in the analgesic effect, dosage of propofol, adverse effects, unconsciousness time, awake time, or hospital stay. But compared with the control group, the observation group showed greater intraoperative consciousness but with more stable respiration.

CONCLUSIONSubclinical doses of pentazocine can be used in the painless egg retrieval, but the dose of propofol should be increased to reduce the body activity during the operation.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; administration & dosage ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Oocyte Donation ; methods ; Pain ; prevention & control ; Pentazocine ; administration & dosage ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; Vagina

OBJECTIVETo prepare and evaluate an intravenous emulsion of tanshinone II(A).

METHODSoybean phospholipid mixing with poloxamer 188 was used as emulsifier. Oleic acid and glycerol were used as co-emulsifier and isoosmotic adjusting agent, respectively. The coarse emulsion was first prepared and following homogenization was carried out for the coarse emulsion by using a high pressure homogenizer.

RESULTThe average diameter of the prepared tanshinone II (A) emulsion was 211 nm with a zeta potential of -32. 1 mV. There had no changes of diameter, zeta potential, pH value, content and physical appearance for the tanshinone II (A) emulsion stored at 25 degrees C away from light during one year.

CONCLUSIONThe physicochemical properties of the prepared tanshinone II (A) emulsion was stable, which could meet the requirements of intravenous administration.

Centrifugation ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Drug Stability ; Drug Storage ; Emulsions ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Injections, Intravenous ; Particle Size ; Phenanthrenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Temperature

Objevtive To explore the microsurgical methods for resecting the tumors of the third ven- tricle and discuss the anatomic foundation of mircrosurgical methods.Methods Twelve patients with tumors of third ventricle were operated on via approach of transcallosum interfornix.Pathologic diagnoses included eight craniopharyngiomas intruding the third ventricle,two gliomas in medial thalamus,one ependymoma and one teratoma.Results Total removal in microscope of the tumors were achieved in 10 cases and subtotal re- moval in 2 cases.The percentage of total resections achieved to 83.3%.Seven of eight craniopharyngiomas were totally resected and the postoperative MR indicated no remanent or recurrent tumors.No death occurred in all cases and the recent complications which were disappeared after one or two weeks' management mostly included polydipsia,diuresis and electrolyte disturbances.Long termed complications included two hydren- cephalus and two spontaneously absorbed subdural fluidifies ventricle-abodminal shunt was performed in one case.The time of follow-up continued were between two months to two and a half years.One subtotal resected craniopharyngiomas was relapesed in eight months,one glioma in thalamus was relapesed in one year and in the remanent ten cases nine can live normally and one can live with self-care.Conclusion Transcallosum interfornix approach for microsurgically removing the third ventricle tumors reached the third ventricle through the rudimental tissue space of embryonic tissue.It can provide a slight trauma,a quite large operative field, euthyhoria for operating.We can use this appoach to resect the tumors located in all directions in the third ven- tricle.The percentage of total resection was large and few complications occurred.

Objective To understand the current status and relative factors on knowledge, attitude, practice to contraception among college students in Beijing and to provide evidence for developing aimed contraceptive service and education in colleges. Methods Quantitative surveys were employed, questionnaire was conducted anonymously among 12 450 unmarried college students under informed consent. Results Among 12 129 students, acknowledgement of contraceptive knowledge among females was superior to males in college(P=0.000). Rates on the favor for unmarried sexual practice and 'sexual liberation' were 81.9% and 60.2% for males, comparing to 74.8% and 54.3% for females respectively. The prevalence rates for masturbation were 74.3% for males and 24.9% for females respectively. 18.4% of the male and 10.5% of the female students had ever experienced unmarried sexual intercourse. Among those students who had sexual experiences, 29.4% of the males had made their sex partners pregnant and 23.1% of the female students had experienced unexpected pregnancy. Statistical significance was found between males and females (P=0.000) in terms of attitudes and behaviors. 51.3% of the male and female students took contraceptive measures during the episode of first sexual intercourse. The excuses for not taking any measures would include: sexual intercourse happened incidentally, not interested in using condom, only one sexual experience would not cause pregnancy, etc. Conclusion The prevalence of unmarried sexual intercourse among college students had been rising. Among those who had experienced unmarried sexual intercourse, the rate of taking contraceptive measures was low and the incidence of unexpected pregnancy was high. It is urgent to strengthen the education and service programs on contraception among college students.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs) inhibition by AG126 on tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression and multiple organ dysfunction in rats with postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and its potential signal regulating mechanism.

METHODSTo reproduce postburn sepsis model, male Wistar rats were inflicated with 20% total body surface area third-degree scald followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge. 34 rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal control group (n = 6), scald control group (n = 6), postburn sepsis group (n = 12), and AG126 treatment group (n = 10). Tissue samples from the liver, kidneys and lungs were collected to determine phosphorylated ERKs by Western blot analysis, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression as well as its protein levels.

RESULTSIt was revealed that phosphorylated ERKs in the liver, lungs, and kidneys from postburn septic animals were up-regulated rapidly at 0.5 - 2.0 hours, being 1.94-fold (P < 0.05), 2.86-fold (P < 0.01), and 1.41-fold at 2.0 hours compared to normal controls, respectively. Treatment with AG126 could significantly reduce phosphorylated ERKs in lung tissue by 70.6% (P < 0.01) at 2.0 hours postburn sepsis, and almost completely inhibited ERKs activation in the liver and kidneys at various time points. Meanwhile, both TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expressions in the liver, lungs, and kidneys were significantly decreased in AG126-treated group following septic challenge (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In addition, 2.0 hours after Staphylococcus aureus infection, treatment with AG126 markedly improved hepatic and renal function parameters, including serum ALT, AST, Cr, as well as BUN levels (P < 0.05 or 0.01), together with significant decrease in pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, compared to those without AG126 treatment.

CONCLUSIONThese data suggested that ERKs signal transduction might be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction in postburn gram-positive bacterial sepsis. Early treatment with AG126 could significantly down-regulate TNF-alpha mRNA expression as well as protein levels in vital organs and attenuate multiple organ dysfunction induced by scald injury combined with Staphylococcus aureus challenge.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Burns ; complications ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Kidney ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Liver ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lung ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Multiple Organ Failure ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Staphylococcal Infections ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tyrphostins ; pharmacology