BACKGROUND: The rare earth elements (Res) have multiple bio-activities and some extent neurotoxicity, Because of their distinct physical and chemical properties. The studies on neuromuscular junction and sympathet ic ganglia have shown that some Res, such as lanthanum(La), gadolinium (Gd),etc, exert considerable effects on synaptic transmission, but the effects and mechanism of Samarium on synaptic transmission are still unknown.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and impossible mechanism of Samarium Chloride (SmCl3) on the nicotinic transmission in the isolated sympathetic ganglia, superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of rats.DESIGN: Controlled experimental study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University. MATERIALS: Totally 40 adult Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) of either sex, provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, were used in this study. SmCl3 was made by the chlorination of Samarium Oxide with purity 99.5% and relative molecule mass 348.7, presented by Professor Liu Da-yuan, Guangxi Medical University. Acetylcholine chloride (Ach) and carbachol (Carb) were purchased from Sigma.METHODS: The experiment was completed at the neuropharmacology lab of the experimental center of Guangxi Medical University from September 2001 to December 2002. After sacrificing animals by acute exsanguination,SCG together with their preganglionic nerve trunks were isolated rapidly,then transferred to the recording chamber, the preganglionic nerve trunk was drawn into a suction electrode for orthodromic stimulation. The ganglia were superfused continuously with a Krebs solution, saturated with 950 mL/L 02 and 5mL/L CO2, pH 7.4±0.05, (34±0.5) ℃.The fiber containing glass microelectrodes filled with 3 mol/L KC1 (30-60 MΩ tip resistance) were used to impaled cells and do intracellular recording. The fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (FEPSPs) were evoked in SCG neurons by single pulse stimulations (0.2-0.5 Hz, 0.5-1.0 ms, 2-10 V)on preganglionic nerve trunk. The remarkable membrane depolarization would be recorded in SCG neurons by superfusing ganglia with exogenous Ach (0.1 mmol/L) or Carb(0.1 mmol/L) for 30-60 s. The effects of 1×(10-7-10-4) mol/L SmCl3 on FEPSPs, membrane potentials, membrane resistance, exogenous Ach and Carb-induced membrane depolarization of SCG neurons were investigated in this experiment.The effects of SmCl3 on the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs were also be observed, namely, first superfusing the ganglia with high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L)to facilitate FEPSPs, then superfusing the ganglia with Ca2+(10 mmol/L)contained SmCl3. All the drugs were solved in Krebs solution or improved Krebs solution and applied to ganglia by superfusion in known concentration.The bioelectricity difference before and after the drug superfusion were analyzed by paired Student's t test.MAIN OUTCOME MESURES: ①Effects of SmCl3 on FEPSPs.②Effects of SmCl3 on membrane potentials and membrane resistances. ③Effects of SmCl3 on exogenous Ach and Carb-induced membrane depolarization. ④Effects of SmCl3 on the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs.RESULTS: ① 1 ×(10-7-10-4)mol/L SmCl3 could reversibly depressed the FEPSPs of rats SCG neurons [the amplitude inhibitory percentage of FEPSPs of l×10-4, 1×10-5, 1×10-6, 1×107 mol/L SmCl3 was (49.78±13.85)%(n=20),(39.05±4.05)%(n=10),(29.83±9.73)%(n=10)and (16.30±2.16)%(n=10)respectively (P ＜ 0.05-0.01)].1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3 could chang Aps into FEPSPs (n=5).②The membrane depolarization induced by Ach (n=5) and Carb (n=7) were not significantly changed by 1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3(P ＞ 0.05).③The membrane potential and membrane resistance were not significantly altered by 1×(10-7-10-4)mol/L SmCl3(n=67), P ＞ 0.05. ④1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3 could antagonized the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs (n=5), P ＜ 0.01.CONCLUSION: SmCl3 can depresses nicotinic transmission in rats sympathetic ganglia by presynaptic mechanisms, perhaps due to its inhibition on Ca2+ influx.

Objective To study the clinical and MRI features of central pontine myelinolysis(CPM).Methods The MRI findings of 11 cases with central pontine myelinolysis verified by clinic and imagings were analyzed.Results There were history of drink wine long term in 7 cases,undernourishment in 4 cases,low-blood-sodium in 10 cases.Long T 1 and T 2 signal intensity was showed on MR in central pontine,focus presented under cortex cerebri and in nucleus basalis area in 4 cases.3 cases enhanced around focus,2 cases enhanced in center and 4 cases no enhanced on postcontrast MRI.Conclusion There are characteristic MRI features in central pontine myelinolysis,it is not difficult to diagnoses CPM in early stage if its clinical manifestations and testing treatment with hormone is associated with MRI features.

Airway Remodeling ; drug effects ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Scopolamine Derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Tiotropium Bromide

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase, and luteolin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D- glucosidase, and luteolin in Humulus scandens female and male plants from different origins and different harvest months in Hebei province. Methods: HPLC method was used for simultaneous determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase, and luteolin. System suitability conditions were as follows: column: Agilent 5 TC-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength: 340 nm; column temperature: 25 ℃; injection volume: 10 μL. Results: The linear ranges were 4.640-74.24 μg/mL of luteoloside (r = 0.999 2), 1.510-30.20 μg/mL of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase (r = 0.999 9), and 0.796 3-12.74 μg/mL of luteolin. RSD of precision, stability, and repeatabillity tests were ≤ 1.99%. The average recoveries were 102.69% (RSD = 1.64%, n = 9), 100.49% (RSD = 1.93%, n = 9), and 100.39% (RSD = 1.65%, n = 9). Conclusion: The method is simple, reproducible, and accurate, and reliable measurement results can be used for simultaneous determination of luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D- glucosidase, and luteolin in H. scandens female and male plants from different origins and different harvest months in Hebei province. There is greater difference between luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucosidase, and luteolin in H. scandens female and male plants from different origins and different harvest months in Hebei province.

The bilingual teaching must face some innovations and reformations in the contents and methods to acquire some satisfactory outcome.The article discusses some questions of bilingual teaching in paediatrics including the shortage of teachers,the interest deficiency of students,the lack of suitable teaching materials and inferior learning environment,and then provides some useful advice for the innovations of bilingual teaching.

Objective:To explore the effect of diversified nursing rehabilitation exercise in patients with SchatzkerⅡtibial plateau fracture.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2018, a total of 72 patients with Schatzker Ⅱtibial plateau fractures in Wuzhou traditional Chinese medicine hospital were selected by cluster sampling method for study. All patients were treated surgically. 36 of them were included in the control group (routine functional exercise after operation) by random number table method, and the remaining 36 patients were included in the observation group (on the basis of the control group, multiple functional rehabilitation exercise mode was given).The length of hospital stay, knee joint swelling degree and movement angle at different time after operation, preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Score (HSS) and satisfaction were analyzed.Results:The time of fracture healing and hospitalization in the observation group were (92.58±20.65) d, (8.40±2.32) d, shorter than (108.56±25.38) d, (15.86±2.80) d in the control group ( tvalues were 2.930, 12.309, P<0.05). At 2 weeks and 6 weeks after operation, the swelling degree of knee joint in the observation group was (1.42±0.58) cm and (0.52±0.25) cm, which was less than (1.86±0.62) cm and (0.78±0.34) cm of the control group, respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( tvalues were 3.110, 3.697, P<0.05); there was no significant difference in HSS between the two groups ( P>0.05); the score of observation group was (62.36±6.85), (70.32±5.69) points, which was significantly higher than (58.42±6.02), (63.45±6.28) points of control group ( tvalues were 2.592, 4.864, P<0.05); there was no significant difference in HSS score between the two groups 6 months after operation ( P>0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group was 97.22% (35/36), which was higher than 83.33% (30/36) of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ 2value was 3.956, P<0.05). Conclusion:For Schatzker type Ⅱ tibial plateau fracture patients, taking diversified nursing rehabilitation exercise can quickly relieve their limb swelling, promote the recovery of joint function and fracture healing, make them recover as soon as possible, and improve their satisfaction.

Objective To explore the effect of diversified and teamwork health education mode on disease-related knowledge of coronary artery disease patients.Methods 147 cases of patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized in the general hospital of Tianjin medical university were divided into the treatment group which was given diversified health education of teamwork mode and the control group which was given traditional health education.The self-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of teamwork health education mode.Results Level of knowledge in the treatment group was significantly improved when compared with the control group,the increase amplitude of knowledge level in the treatment group was higher than the control group,and the scores of the treatment group were higher than the control group in the dimensions of diet,prevention,clinical manifestation,treatment,activity,the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions With diversified,multidisciplinary,and teamwork health education mode the patients' level of knowledge was significantly improved,the correct and positive awareness about disease were increased,and the patients were urged to take healthy behavior,so that their physical and mental state will maintain the best.

Objective To Study the effects of Danhong mixture on water and calcium contents in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods 60 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,respectively,a sham operation group,a model control group,and 4 drug treatment groups.Models of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were established by 4 blood-vessel method,and administrated with different doses of Danhong mixture injection and compound salvia miltiorrhiza injection.Effects of Danhong mixture on water and calcium content in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury were observed.Results Water and calcium content in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were significantly decreased in Danhong mixture of high dose group (P＜0.01),(water was 75.84％ and calcium was 114.56 μg/g).Water and calcium content were also significantly decreased in Danhong mixture of medium dose group (P＜0.01),(water was 80.13％ and calcium was 132.35 μg/g)Water and calcium content showed decreasing tendency in Danhong mixture of low dose group,but without statistical significance,its numerical value was respectively 73.94％ and 106.32 μg/g.Conclusion Danhong mixture can reduce water and calcium content in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,which indicated its neuroprotective effects.

Objective To observe the clinical and nerve electrophysiological features of sodium azide poisonin. Method The clinical data of 11 patients with sodium azide poisonin were analyzed retrospectively.Results In this group, the first symptoms was numbness in 4 cases, weakness in 3 cases, walking instability in 2 cases, dizziness and nausea in 2 cases.The major clinical manifestations were numbness in 8 cases, weakness in 6 cases, walking instability in 4 cases, dizziness and nausea in 3 cases, leptophonia in 2 cases, diplopia in 2 cases, limb muscle strength loss in 7 cases, reducing muscle tension in 3 cases, weakened tendon reflex in 3 cases, skin needle drops in 3 cases.Electrophysiological examination showed motor nerve conduction velocity ( MCV) was slower, distal latency ( DML) and amplitude ( AMP) were reduced; the sensory nerve conduction velocity ( SCV) was slower, and AMP was reduced.The latency (Lat) and wave interval of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and visual evoked potential ( VEP) , somatosensory evoked potentials ( SEP) were prolonged, and AMP was reduced.Compared with pre-treatment, the abnormal rates of MCV, AMP, DML of median nerve, ulnar nerve, deep peroneal nerve and SCV, AMP of median nerve, ulnar nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, sural nerve and AMP of SEP after treatment had no statistically significant (all P>0.05).Compared with pre-treatment, the abnormal rates of Lat of BAEP, VEP, SEP andⅢ-Ⅴof BAEP and AMP of BAEP, VEP had no statistically significant (P<0.05-0.01).Conclusions The major clinical symptoms of sodium azide poisoning are numbness, weakness, unstable walking, dizziness, diplopia. Electrophysiological examination showed MCV is slower, DML and AMP are reduced; SCV is slower, and AMP is reduced.The Lat and wave interval of evoked potential are prolonged, and AMP is reduced.

Objective:To compare transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy in diagnosis of intrauterine adhesions.Methods: One hundred and one cases of infertile women were treated by transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy.Results: One hundred and one cases of infertility by hysteroscopy diagnosis of 87 cases of intrauterine adhesions, transvaginal ultrasound 68 cases of intrauterine adhesions, 78.16% sensitivity, sensitivity and different degree of intrauterine adhesions without significant difference. The diagnosis coincidence rate of intrauterine adhesions was consistent with transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy.Conclusion: In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine adhesions, transvaginal sonography has the value of irreplaceable hysteroscopy. Vaginal ultrasonography can be used as the first choice for intrauterine adhesions.