Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; etiology ; Ear Neoplasms ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tympanoplasty ; adverse effects

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the abilities of self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and immunomodulation, and have become the focus of current research. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the immunomodulation of MSCs to different immune cells and the clinical applications of MSCs in the treatment of immune-related diseases. METHODS: The first author searched the PubMed and the CKNI databases for relative articles from January 1974 to December 2016. The key words were mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation, MSC1 and MSC2, autoimmune diseases in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 52 representative articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MSCs can inhibit the function of T lymphocytes, reduce the activation, proliferation and antibody secretion of B lymphocytes, affect the polarization of macrophages, inhibit the maturation of dendritic cells, inhibit the proliferation and toxicity of NK cells, so MSCs have the great potential in the treatment of immune-related diseases. However, MSCs exhibit the opposite immunomodulatory abilities under different inflammatory microenvironments, and moreover the definite and controllable mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear, Therefore, future investigations may focus on the specific mechanism of MSCs in the clinical treatment of immune-related diseases.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of bisoprolol combined with conventional triple therapy on the efficacy and re-lated indexes of patients with rheumatic heart valvular disease (RVD) combined chronic heart failure. METHODS:110 patients with RVD combined with chronic heart failure were randomly divided into observation group(55 cases)and control group(55 cas-es). All patients were treated with oxygen inhalation,anti-infection,correcting electrolyte imbalance,controlling arrhythmia,and giving digitalis drugs and diuretic drugs(it can be disabled after edema symptom being controlled);based on it,control group was given Enalapril tablet with initial dose of 2.5 mg,once to twice a day,then adjusted to 10-20 mg after 1 week,twice a day+20 mg Spironolactone tablet,once a day+10 mg Propranolol tablet,once a day. Observation group was additionally given Bisoprolol fuma-rate tablet initial dose of 1.25 mg,once a day,and then increased to 10 mg based on condition improved and tolerability after a meal,once a day. They were treated for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy,and LVEF,LVEDD,LVESD,SBP,DBP,HR before and af-ter treatment and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the LVEF,LVEDD,LVESD,SBP,DBP and HR between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,LVEF in 2 groups were significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,LVEDD,LVESD,SBP, DBP and HR were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statis-tically significant(P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Based on conventional treatment,bisoprolol combined with conventional triple therapy shows good efficacy in the treat-ment of RVD combined chronic heart failure,it can improve cardiac function,with good safety.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of SOX2 on chemotherapy sensitivity of human laryngeal epithelial cells Hep-2. METHOD: We designed and synthesized RNAis for silencing the expression of SOX2 in Hep-2 cells and selected the most effective RNAi by Western blot analysis. Then the recombinant plasmids of pGCsi-H1-SOX2 and pGCsi-H1-NC were constructed and transfected into Hep-2 cells to build cell lines of psiSOX2-Hep-2 and psiNC-Hep-2. CCK-8 assay had been used to test the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to 5-FU and PTX after silencing SOX2 expression. Hoechst staining had been used to exam the changes of Hep-2 cells apoptosis treatment by 5-FU and PTX after silencing SOX2 expression. Furthermore, the changes of apoptosis-related genes expressions were detected by Western blotting. RESULT: The cell lines of psiSOX2-Hep-2 and psiNC-Hep-2 were successfully established, and the expression of SOX2 protein was decreased 78% in psiSOX2-Hep-2 cells compared with psiNC-Hep-2 cells. After reducing SOX2 expression, the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to 5-FU and PTX were increased and the IC50 values for 48 h were decreased to 8.12 μg/ml and 5.16 μg/ml. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptotic gene Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression were dramatically increased and anti-apoptotic genes survivin and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in psiSOX2-Hep-2 cells compared with psiNC-Hep-2 cells. CONCLUSION Down-regulating the protein expression of SOX2 by RNAi will significantly enhance the sensitivity of human laryngeal epithelial cells Hep-2 to 5-FU and PTX.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; genetics

Objective To investigate the effect of anterior percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (APECD) and open-door laminoplasty (ODLP) through hybrid surgery in the treatment of multisegmental cervical stenosis and giant disc herniation. Methods This study involved 3 patients with multisegmental cervical stenosis and giant disc herniation confirmed by MRI. Among them, there were 2 males and 1 female, with ages from 56-61. All patients showed significant paresthesia or weakness, and were treated between September and November 2016. The surgery was performed by first the ODLP that made spinal cord back shift, and then APECD for the second step. The visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were assessed before and after operation. Results The VAS and NDI scores were improved two weeks after operation. No adverse events like spinal cord injury and vascular injury were found during the operation. After operation, no patients were found incision infection, hematoma formation, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, dysphagia, trachyphonia and so on. Conclusion The hybrid surgery of APECD and ODLP for the treatment of the multisegmental cervical stenosis and giant disc herniation can not only decompress the nerve safely and improve the function, but also preserve cervical intervertebral disc and motion segments, therefore delaying the degeneration of adjacent segments with clinical significance.

Objective The study was conducted to investigate the acute phase of convulsion related problem on the clinical manifestations,imaging and electroencephalograph (EEG) examination of purulent meningitis.Methods Cluster sampling method was employed to select children in our hospital,a total of 301 cases with purulent meningitis was analyzed retrospectively.Among them,62 cases had convulsion.The incidence of convulsion in the acute phase of the purulent meningitis,risk factors,and prognosis were analyzed.Results The convulsion incidence rate of acute purulent meningitis was 20.60％.The partial seizure was eight cases (12.90％).The secondarily generalized seizure following partial seizure was 15 cases (24.19％).The generalized seizure was 32 cases (51.61％).The convulsive status was 7 cases (11.29％).The EEG abnormality was significantly different between the convulsion group and the no convulsion group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of brain organic damage was significantly different between two groups (P ＜0.05).The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed,cause of disease,first symptom,disturbance of consciousness,obvious signs,and cerebrospinal fluid culture with convulsion were the relevant factors (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The most common seizure of purulent meningitis was the generalized seizure.Brain organic damage easily resulted in convulsion of purulent meningitis.The days of hospitalization,cause of disease,first symptom,disturbance of consciousness,obvious signs,and cerebrospinal fluid culture with convulsion were the positively relevant factors.Those positively relevant factors in combination of the clinical manifestations,imaging,and EEG examination in children would play an important role in diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of convulsion derived from purulent meningitis.Moreover,convulsion affects the disease recovery in children with purulent meningitis.

Objective To analyze the potential etiologies and risk factors of childhood stroke. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 159 children who were admitted from Jan.2006 to Jan.2014. Results The 159 children were composed of 100 boys and 59 girls , with median onset age of 1.8 years (ranged from 1 day to 12 years old) and median peak age of 0.9 years (ranged from 3 months to 2.8 years old). Their initial symptoms included limb hemiplegia,language dififculties and convulsion. The common causes included infections found in 46 cases (central nervous system infection in 32 cases, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infection in 14 case), head injury in 42 cases, vitamin K deifciency in 29 cases, Moyamoya disease in 8 cases, heart diseases in 11 cases, spontaneous hemorrhage in 11 cases and 12 cases of unknown reason. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of children acute ischemic stroke in toddler period;and vitamin K1 deifciency were the most common cause of children hemorrhage stroke in infancy. The most common region of infarction is basal ganglia and middle cerebral artery in neuronal imaging. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 1.4 days. The median time of inhospital was 28 days. The median apex time was 4.3 days. Conclusions Among 159 cases, acute ischemic stroke is much more common than hemorrhagic stroke in children stroke, and the major risk factors are infections and head injury;Vitamin K1 deifciency is a major risk factor in infants with hemorrhagic stroke.

Objective To establish a mouse model of orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma using Matrigel, to evaluate the tumor growth and metastasis, and to provide a more stable mouse model of orthotopic lung cancer, which is more similar to human lung cancer.Methods Logarithmic phase of cultured Lewis lung cancer cells were suspended in Matrigel, vac-cinated into the left lung of inbred C57BL/6 mice.Five mice were killed on the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 16th days, re-spectively, and to observe the median survival, tumor formation rate, tumor growth, and metastasis.Pathological changes of the mouse lung, liver, kidney and spleen were examined.Results In 5 mice killed on the 7th postoperative day, small tumor nodules were observed on the lung in three mice and no tumor was visible by gross inspection in the other two mice, but small tumor nodules were observed under the microscope.For all the mice killed on the 10th postoperative day, tumors were visible to the naked eye on the lung of all the five mice.On the 13th day, orthotopic tumor was observed on the lung with bloody pleural effusion and pleural metastasis in all the five mice.On the 25th day, in addition to the pleural metasta-sis, one mouse had pericardial metastasis and renal metastasis.The survival periods of the 5 mice were 17 d, 20 d, 22 d, 22 d, and 25 d, respectively, with a median survival period of 21.2 d (17-25 d), and the tumor formation rate was 100%.Conclusions Mouse models of orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma is successfully established using injection of tumor cells suspended in Matrigel.This model is more similar to the growth of human lung cancer, with good stability, high tumor formation rate and characteristics of distant metastasis, therefore, is worthy of further application.

Objective To study the clinical features of the variants of benign childhood epilepsy with central temporal spikes (BECT).Methods The clinical data of 12 hospitalized pediatric patients with BECT from Jan 2007 to Jan 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 7 boys and 5 girls in 12 patients. The age of onset was from 3 to 9 years old. Two cases were dizygotic twins. The atypical symptoms included atypical absence of 10 cases, negative myoclonic seizure of 8 cases, speech expression disorders and oral-pharynx apraxia of 4 cases. The electroencephalography (EEG) of all 12 patients showed abundance of spike and waves (SW) in rolandic areas during wake-up and sleep. The SW index was 50%-85% during slow sleep in all patients.Conclusions The variants of BECT are often associated with EEG deterioration. Understanding the clinical featuress and EEG characteristics can help the diagnosis of BECT variants.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1(SIRT-1)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The expressions of SIRT-1 and NF-κB were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 108 selected cases of primary NSCLC and 48 samples of para-carcinoma normal tissue. The relationships of the expressions of SIRT-1 and NF-κB and clinical pathological features were analyzed,respectively. Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rates of SIRT-1 and NF-κB in NSCLC tissue were 90. 7%(98 / 108)and 94. 4%(102 / 108),respectively,significantly higher than those in normal lung tissue 4. 2%(2 / 48),16. 7%(8 / 48),χ2 = 108. 237,P = 0. 000;χ2 = 96. 683,P = 0. 000,and the expre-ssion of SIRT-1 and NF-κB showed a positive correlation(r = 0. 480,P = 0. 001). There were significant posi-tive correlations between the expression of SIRT-1 and tumor size(r = 0. 227,P = 0. 018),TNM stage(r =0. 298,P = 0. 002)and lymph node metastasis(r = 0. 280,P = 0. 003),and there was negative correlation between the expression of SIRT-1 and differentiation(r = - 0. 300,P = 0. 002),and there were no correlation between the expression of SIRT-1 and sex,age and histological type in NSCLC tissues. There were significant positive correlation between the expression of NF-κB and TNM stage(r = 0. 256,P = 0. 009)and lymph node metastasis(r = 0. 261,P = 0. 006),and there was negative correlation between the expression of NF-κB and differentiation(r = - 0. 235,P = 0. 013),and there were no correlation between the expression of NF-κB and sex,age,histological type and tumor size in NSCLC tissues. Conclusion The positive expression rates of SIRT-1 and NF-κB in NSCLC tissue are significantly higher than those in normal lung tissue,and they are rela-ted to TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and differentiation,and the former is also related to tumor size. High expression of SIRT-1 and NF-κB may play important roles in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.