Background There is no effective preventing way for the posterior capsular opacification(PCO) after cataract surgery.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the preventing effect of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir(HSV-tk/GCV) system on PCO.Methods Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group and HSV-tk+GCV group at random.Phacoemulsification was performed in bilateral eyes of rabbits,and 0.1ml of BSS or adenovirus vector with HSV-tk gene were injected into lens capsular bag during the operation based on the grouping.In 12 hours after operation,0.1ml BSS was injected into the anterior chamber daily for 3 times in BSS+BSS group and HSV-tk+BSS group,and 0.1ml GCV was used in the same way in BSS+GCV group and HSV-tk+GCV group.The situations of the anterior segment and the posterior capsule were examined under the slit lamp postoperatively.All the wet weight of capsular bags was assessed using electronic balance.The capsular membrane was histopathologically examined in the 4th week after injection.PCO was graded according to the method of Couderc.Results Mild corneal edema and aqueous humor opacity were observed in all the eyes within 3 days and returned to normal level gradually within 2 weeks postoperatively.PCO scores were higher in BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group than the HSV-tk+GCV group,showing the significant differences between them(H=2.647,P=0.008;H=2.939,P=0.003;H=2.884,P=0.004).No obvious difference was seen in PCO score among BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group(P＞0.05).The wet weight of the capsular bags in HSV-tk+GCV group was reduced in comparison with BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group,HSV-tk+BSS group with the statistically significant difference between them(q=9.93,q=10.15,q=10.07,P＜0.05).Histopathological examination revealed that mild proliferation of lens epithelial cells(LECs) at the capsular equator and migration toward the posterior capsule to form a thin soemmering ring in the periphery of the capsular bags and thin fibromembrane at the center of the capsular bags without cells or cortices in HSV-tk+GCV group.However,in BSS+BSS group,BSS+GCV group and HSV-tk+BSS group,the proliferation and migration of LECs were more obvious to form a dense soemmering ring in the periphery of the capsular bags and thick fibromembrane in the center of capsular bags.Conclusion Adenovirus-mediated HSV-tk/GCV system can effectively prevent PCO.

Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair, using the MitraClip device for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was first introduced in 2003. Since then, more than 100,000 cases have been performed worldwide and it remains the most established percutaneous therapy available for the treatment of severe MR. Currently, it is indicated for severe, symptomatic functional MR in patients who continue to have significant symptoms despite optimal guideline directed medical therapy, as well as in symptomatic patients with severe degenerative MR who are deemed too high risk for conventional surgical therapy in the opinion of the heart team. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of the MitraClip device, the clinical studies supporting its use as well as the important concept of proportionate and disproportionate MR.

BACKGROUNDUnhygienic blood collection in the early 1990s led to blood-borne infections in Central China. This study aimed to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection with hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV and HBV) and their risk factors in a rural area of Shanxi Province with a history of commercial blood donation.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004. All adult residents in the target area were invited to participate in the study. Face-to-face interviews were completed and blood specimens were tested for HIV, HCV, and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg).

RESULTSPrevalence rates of HIV, HCV, and HBsAg were 1.3% (40/3 062), 12.7% (389/3 062), and 3.5% (103/2982), respectively. Of the 40 HIV-positive specimens, 85% were HCV positive and 2.5% were HBsAg positive. The history of commercial blood donation was positively associated with HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infections, but was negatively associated with HBsAg seropositivity. Migration for employment in the last 5 years was positively related to HIV, HBsAg, and HIV/HCV co-infections. Univariate logistic analysis showed that illegal drug use, number of sex partners, extramarital sex behavior, commercial sex behavior, and condom use rate were not related to anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg seropositivity or their co-infections.

CONCLUSIONThe history of commercial blood donation was the main risk factor for HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infections in this former commercial blood donation area. HIV and HCV prevention and treatment interventions are important in this area.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Donors ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transfusion Reaction ; Young Adult