Depression is a common mental disease, which mainly presents with a state of low mood and aversion to activity. Epigenetics is to study the influence of structural modification of pre?transcriptional gene to gene function in chromatin level. Recent studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non?coding RNA regulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of depression. This article reviews the research advances on epigenetic mechanisms of depression.

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin (IL)-34 and bone erosions in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.Methods Forty PsA patients,20 psoriasis (Ps) patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into this study.The levels of IL-34 and osteoclast related cytokines [including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL),osteoclast precursors (OPG)] were detected in the serum samples of all subjects.The correlations among IL-34,the number of osteoclast precursors (OCP),disease activity and imaging scores were analyzed.All data were analyzed by graphpad prism 6.Differences between groups was analyzed with One-way analysis of variance,q tests,and Spearman's correlation was used to explore the relation between disease activity/radiographic scores and laboratory results and followed by linear regressions.Results The serum level of IL-34 in patients with PsA [(328±476) pg/ml] was higher than that in Ps [(33±52) pg/ml,q =3.92,P＜0.01] and healthy controls [(32±32) pg/ml,q =3.93,P＜0.01],the erosive PsA group were higher than the non-erosive PsA group [(449±527) pg/ml and (47±24) pg/ml,q=4.04,P＜0.01].The levels of TNF-α,RANKL and OCP in patients with PsA [(125±79) pg/ml,(488± 475) pg/ml and (17.7±4.8) 5 sigh views] were higher than those in PS [(40±22) pg/ml,(26±3) pg/ml and (5.2± 0.8),q=7.32,6.14 and 2.94,P＜0.01] and healthy controls [(41±19) pg/ml,(65±8) pg/ml and (6.2±1.8),q=6.67,5.62 and 2.71,P＜0.01],whereas the OPG/RANKL ratio in PsA patients (0.5±0.4) was significantly lower than Ps patients (4.3±2.7,q=-3.30,P＜0.01) and healthy controls (1.8±0.6,q=-1.72,P＜0.01).IL-34,TNF-α and RANKL levels were all positively correlated with OCP (r=0.10,P＜0.05;r=0.12,P＜0.05;r=0.13,P＜0.(5,respectively).Conclusion The level of IL-34 is not only high in patients with PsA but also positively correlates with the number of OCP.In PsA,IL-34 is probably related to the OCP and osteoclast differentiation,and further participates in the process of bone destruction.Therefore,IL-34 is promising to become a new target or alternative choice for the treatment of PsA.

ObjectiveThe clinical features, bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance proifle of blood stream infection(BSI) were investigated in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis for better management of such infections.MethodsThe clinical data of BSI were collected in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis between January, 2012 and December, 2014, and reviewed retrospectively in terms of risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, pathogen distribution and prognosis.ResultsOf the 1 071 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and suspected bacterial infection, 154 (14.4%) were diagnosed as BSI evidenced by blood culture. Of these patients, the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was higher than 10×109/L in only 48 (31.2%) patients; neutrophil proportion>0.75 in 133 patients (86.4%); serum procalcitonin level>0.5 ng/mL in 74 patients (68.5%). A total of 155 bacterial strains were isolated, including 115 strains of gram-negative bacilli and 40 strains of gram-positive cocci. Most patients (68.8%) recovered and 31.2% died or discharged from hospital voluntarily. All these BSI patients had Child-Pugh grade C liver function. Some patients also had other serious systemic diseases or repeated hospitalization.ConclusionThe prevalence of BSI is high in the decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with poor prognosis. Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens of such septicemia. Early diagnosis and proper use of antibiotics based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important to improve patient outcome.

Objective: To understand the HIV infection status and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin during 2016-2018. Methods: According to the sentinel surveillance protocol, continuous cross-sectional studies were conducted to collect the information about the awareness of AIDS, related behaviors, HIV infection, syphilis prevalence and HCV infection in the MSM in Tianjin with the annual sample seize of 400 between April and June during 2016-2018. Results: From 2016 to 2018, a total of 1 200 MSM were surveyed. The condom use rate in anal sex was 45.4% (544/1 198) in the past 6 months. The HIV test rate in MSM recruited through network declined with year (trend χ²=42.742, P<0.001). The overall HIV infection rate was 3.3% (40/1 200). The HIV-1 infection rate was 2.6% (95%CI: 1.7%-3.5%). The overall prevalence rate of syphilis was 6.7% (80/1 200). The overall HCV infection rate was 0.8% (9/1 200). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with HIV infection in the MSM included divorced or widowed (compared with unmarried, aOR=7.137, 95%CI: 1.621-31.419) and syphilis positive group (compared with syphilis negative group, aOR=3.684, 95%CI: 1.520-8.932). The protective factors for HIV infection in the MSM included consistent use of condom in the past 6 months (compared with occasional use of condom, aOR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.126-0.932) and HIV test (compared with receiving no HIV test, aOR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.123-0.801). Conclusions The HIV infection rate in the MSM in Tianjin was high from 2016 to 2018. Syphilis prevalence status in MSM should not be neglected. The rate of consistent condom use in anal sex was low in the MSM. It is necessary to take effective measures to promote condom use and strengthen HIV test in MSM.

Objective To establish a simple method to extract the methylated ctDNA in urine using magnetic beads as solid phase adsorption carri?er with a specific design reagent system and extraction process,and evaluate its application feasibility for methylated gene detection in urine sample . Methods Fourty cases of methylated ctDNA were extracted in urine using magnetic beads. After methylated modification,the concentration and pu?rity of DNA was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results The extraction of 50 mL urine can gain 61?200 ng/mL methylated ctDNA, and the OD260/280 was 1.8 ± 0.05. Conclusion There are methylated ctDNA exist in the urine which can be extracted by magnetic beads. The estab?lished extraction method is simple,effective,and with high purity.

Objective To summarize the experience of improved nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(NSCT) in the treatment of severe aplastie anemia. Methods Seventeen patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia received NSCT after a nonmyeloablative conditioning.The patients were conditioned with decreased dosage of immunosuppressive agents of CTX and anti-lymphoid cell globulin or anti-thymus gland cell globulins;CsA and MMF were used to prevent the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation. Results 75 % of severe aplastic anemia in patients with type Ⅰ and 60 % of severe aplastic anemia in patients with type Ⅱ achieved rapid hematopoietic reconstitution, with good prognosis and implantation rate with fewer complieations and light symptoms were observed. Conclusion NSCT is an effective treatment of severe aplastic anemia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics in ABO-incompatible allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT).Methods137 patients'clinical courses who accepted allo-PBSCT were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases of them were ABO-incompatible allo-PBSCT patients,including 32 ABO major mismatched cases,23 ABO minor mismatched cases and 10 ABO major and minor mismatched cases.Seventy-two ABO-identical cases were taken as control group.ResultsCompared with ABO-idential cases,the time of erythrocyte recovery after allo-PBSCT in ABO major and minor mismatched group was delayed [(73.2+10.3) d vs (97.5+10.4) d] (P ＜0.05).In ABO-incompatible group, the time of blood type switching in different ABO-incompatible types were found no significant difference (P ＞0.05) [ABO major mismatched:(45.7±17.3) d,ABO minor mismatched:(41.2+16.1) d and ABO major and minor mismatched:(48.4±20.9) d (P ＞ 0.05)].There were 8 cases who have a delayed time of blood type changing, including 6 cases demonstrated recipient-derived anti-A antibody. ConclusionABO-incompatible has no negative effect on allo-PBSCT.The time of erythrocyte reconstitution was delayed in ABO major and minor mismatched group.A delayed time of blood type switching tends to occur in ABO minor incompatible cases and patients who have anti-A antibody initially.

Objective To investigate the effects of TLR7 on imiquimod induced apoptosis of THP-1 derived macrophages.Methods Three cell lines ( THP-1 derived macrophages, MDCK cell line and HUVEC cell line) with different capabilities of expressing TLR7 were selected.The survival rates of cells af-ter the treatment with different concentrations of imiquimod were detected by MTT assay.The levels of IL-6 in the supernatants of TLR7 inhibitor chloroquine or TLR7-siRNA treated cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry after inhibiting the ex-pression of TLR7.Results Imiquimod induced the apoptosis of THP-1 derived macrophages, MDCK cell lines and HUVEC cell lines.The levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased as the expression of TLR7 was inhibited by treating THP-1 derived macrophages with chloroquine or TLR7-siRNA.Treating THP-1 derived macrophages with chloroquine or TLR7-siRNA did not affect the cell apoptosis induced by imiquimod.Con-clusion Imiquimod could induce the apoptosis of THP-1 derived macrophages through TLR7 independent pathway.

AIM:To investigate the activity of NF-?B in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with Graves disease (GD) and the significance in immunopathogenesis of GD.METHODS:Peripheral blood was collected from 22 untreated GD,20 treated GD with tapazole more than 1 year,and 25 healthy volunteers. PBMCs were isolated from the blood by histopaque-1077 density-gradient centrifugation. The activity of NF-?B in PBMCs was analyzed using gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The contents of IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? were tested by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:The activity of NF-?B in PBMCs of untreated GD group was increased remarkably,compared with that in the treated group and control (P

Objective To study the mutations of outer-membrane porin gerte (oprD) in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods The PCR was applied to detect the oprD gene from the 34 clinical imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.DNA sequence was proceeded to analysis the nuclentide sequence of the oprD gene and the deduced amino acid sequence.To analysis the mutation and the function of the oprD domain,those mutations were compaired with the standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and 2 clinical imipenem-susceptibility isolates.Results oprD gene mutation was wide and diverse.The rate of the mutation was 92.3% (12/13),mutations were concluded dot mutation,deletion mutation and insert mutation,those result in the amino sequence change and frame shift in L2 and L3 loops of outer membrane protein D,hampering the combine of oprD and imipenem.Some new mutations were found.They were 1 079,1 114,1 196,1 206,1 288,1 300,1 301 bases and 115,127,154,158,185,189 aminos.All above mutations were not deteced in ATCC 27853 and 2 clinical imipenem-susoeptibility isolates.Conclusions The wide and diverse mutations in oprD gene result in amino acid change and/or frame shift L2 and L3 loops,hampering the binding of IMP and oprD.Those may result in resistance to imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.