[Objective] Sorting and summing up Professor ZHANG 's clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation, to develop the thought of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. [Methods]Via studying with professor ZHANG, and collectting some cases,consulting the related literature and data.Finally, discuss and summarize it. [Results] Diagnosis found and appliedFour tenderness(Below the foramen magnum, trapezius muscle and at the junction of the skull,fengchi point,wangu point).Method combined with primary symptom and signs, X-ray. Treatment, application of error correction manipulation, light effect;And with local acupuncture point injection, menstruation invigorates the circulation of reinforcement. [Conclusion] Professor ZHANG's method of diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation is unique,clear, simple, has obvious curative effect, worth clinical application and promotion.

Hypoxia- inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1) promotes tumor deterioration, invasion and metasta-sis. Treatment targeting the HIF-1 signal pathway is becoming a hot research. In addition to uniquely selective inhibition of topoisomerase Ⅰ(Topo Ⅰ) ,the recent studies show that camptothecin compounds can regulate the activity of HIF-1 through decreasing HIF-1 protein translation and have been classified as a non-selective chemical inhibitor of HIF-1.

Sphingosine analogue FTY720 exerts good immune suppressive effect by inducing lymphocytes apoptosis and homing, which can be used for organ transplant rejection as well as anti-autoimmune disease treatment. Recent studies have found that FTY720 plays anti-tumor potential by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis as well as inhibiting tumor metastasis.

AIM:To establish a method for determining notoginsenoside R_1,ginsenoside Rg_1 and ginsenoside Rb_1 in Jingkang Capsules(Radix Rehmanniae praeparata,Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,etc.). METHODS: A Diamonsil C_(18) column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase was used for gradient elution,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the UV detection wavelength was at 203 mn. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship at a range of 0.327-2.180 ?g for notoginsenoside R_1(r=(0.999 4))(the average recovery was 98.23% with RSD of 1.53%(n=6)),0.909-6.060 ?g for ginsenoside Rg_1(r=1.0)(the average recovery was 99.04% with RSD of 1.00%(n=6)),0.672-4.480 ?g for ginsenoside Rb_1(r=0.999 8)(the average recovery was 98.17% with RSD of 1.31%(n=6)).CONCLUSION: The method is simple,quick and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Jingkang Capsules.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical therapeutic effects of anchors, peroneus brevis tendon augmentation and plantaris muscle tendon covering on the reconstruction of achilles tendon rupture caused by corticosteroids injection.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to April 2010, the clinical data of 10 patients with acute achilles tendon rupture repaired with suture anchors, peroneus brevis tendon augmentation and plantaris muscle tendon covering were retrospectively analyzed. The achilles tendon rupture was caused by corticosteroids injection. There were 8 males and 2 females with a mean age of (46.80 +/- 2.83) years old(ranged from 21 to 68 years). Postoperative complications, the range of movement of affected foot, number of consecutive heel raises and single leg jumpings were recorded. Functional recovery of achilles tendon were assessed according to ankle and hindfoot scores of the American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS).

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of 13.5 months. No wound infection, re-rupture and rejection reaction were found. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the range of movement between affected foot (54.5 +/- 6.3) degrees and unaffected foot (56.8 +/- 3.8) degrees (t = 0.989, P = 0.336). The affected foot could raise heel and do single-leg hops for 10 times continuosly. There was significant difference in AOFAS between preoperative score (67.3 +/- 7.6) and postoperative score (95.5 +/- 7.6) (t = 8.297, P = 0.000);and there was no significant difference between affected foot scores (95.5 +/- 7.6)and unaffected foot scores (98.5 +/- 6.3) (t = 0.961, P = 0.349). Function recovery of achilles tendon: 9 cases were good, 1 case was fine.

CONCLUSIONAnchors, peroneus brevis tendon augmentation and plantaris muscle tendon covering for the reconstruction of achilles tendon rupture caused by corticosteroids injection is a reliable and effective method, with advantage of simple operation, dependable fixation and less complications.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Rupture ; surgery ; Tendon Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery

Echinocandins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lipopeptides ; Mycoses ; drug therapy ; Sepsis ; drug therapy ; microbiology

Currently the most effective treatment strategy for breast cancer is standardized multi-discipline comprehensive treatment. However, there are no effective models that can accurately predict prognosis, so that no guidance of individualized treatment has yet been set up, resulting in a proportion of patients with low risk who received chemotherapy with little benefit. With the development of genomics, several gene sets have been demonstrated to be helpful in predicting of breast cancer prognosis and grading the patients' benefit from chemotherapy, thus avoid overtreatment. 21-gene Oncotype Dx was reported as one of them and has been demonstrated to be effective and accurate in various clinical studies. This paper summarizes researches on 21-gene Oncotype Dx in breast cancer.

Systemic chemotherapy is the main treatment which can improve the survival time of bladder cancer patients,though its efficacy is quite limited.The applications of targeted therapeutic drugs in bladder cancer has become more needed in clinic.At present the targeted drugs for bladder cancer include bevacizumab,cetuximab,sunitinib,gefitinib,everolimus and the inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand,they provide a new direction for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of Azithromycin on the immune mechanisms through the IL - 23 /IL - 17 axis way by observing the changes in serum levels of IL - 23,IL - 17 in rats with Adriamycin - induced nephro-sis. Methods A total of 135 rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,Azithromycin intervention group,Prednisone intervention group and united intervention group. The model was induced through a tail intravenous injection of Adriamycin for 2 times. Nine rats were randomly selected from every group to detect blood and urinary bio-chemistry,and to observe the changes of the serum levels of IL - 23,IL - 17 by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay in 4,6,and 8 weeks. Results Compared with the model group in the 8th week,the levels of 24 - hour urinary protein [model group(354. 83 ± 70. 87)mg/ d,Azithromycin intervention group(94. 59 ± 22. 67)mg/ d,Prenisone intervention group(65. 64 ± 8. 71)mg/ d,united intervention group(47. 44 ± 9. 56)mg/ d],cholesterol[ model group(8. 71 ± 1. 60)mmol/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(3. 54 ± 0. 30)mmol/ L,Prenisone intervention group(3. 10 ± 0. 18) mmol/ L,united intervention group(2. 56 ± 0. 40)mmol/ L]were reduced significantly,while the levels of albumin [model group(16. 77 ± 3. 15)g/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(33. 82 ± 1. 16)g/ L,Prenisone intervention group (37. 80 ± 2. 73)g/ L,united intervention group(40. 78 ± 2. 63)g/ L]were increased obviously in the intervention groups,and the differences were statistically significant(F = 152. 243,99. 838,155. 836,all P ﹤ 0. 05). The serum levels of IL - 23[model group(29. 60 ± 3. 97)ng/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(29. 61 ± 2. 62)ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(29. 74 ± 2. 23)ng/ L,united intervention group(30. 31 ± 2. 20)ng/ L],IL - 17[ model group (22. 38 ± 2. 51)ng/ L,Azithromycin intervention group(21. 97 ± 1. 89)ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(21. 43 ± 2. 42)ng/ L,united intervention group(21. 51 ± 2. 07)ng/ L]in the model group and 3 intervention groups were higher than the control group[(17. 35 ± 3. 01)ng/ L,(14. 03 ± 2. 42)ng/ L]in the 4th week,and there were significant differences(F = 33. 819,21. 373,all P ﹤ 0. 05);and the levels of IL - 23[in the 6th week,Azithromycin intervention group(27. 20 ± 1. 71)ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(24. 39 ± 2. 06)ng/ L,united intervention group(21. 41 ± 1. 71)ng/ L,model group(35. 78 ± 3. 21)ng/ L;in the 8th week,Azithromycin intervention group(24. 60 ± 2. 91) ng/ L,Prenisone intervention group(21. 01 ± 1. 02)ng/ L,united intervention group(18. 93 ± 1. 35)ng/ L,model group (44. 47 ± 7. 84)ng/ L],IL - 17[in the 6th week,Azithromycin intervention group(19. 12 ± 0. 37)ng/ L,Prenidone in-tervention group(18. 54 ± 0. 36)ng/ L,united intervention group(17. 57 ± 0. 42)ng/ L,model group(26. 69 ± 3. 70) ng/ L;in the 8th week,Azithromycin intervention group(17. 44 ± 0. 46)ng/ L,Prenidone intervention group(16. 37 ± 0. 49)ng/ L,united intervention group(14. 71 ± 0. 99)ng/ L,model group(34. 03 ± 3. 45)ng/ L]in the 3 intervention groups were significantly lower than those of the model group in the 6th ,8th week(F = 82. 963,44. 659 in the 6th week, F = 75. 085,200. 383 in the 8th week,all P ﹤ 0. 05). The levels of IL - 23,IL - 17 in united intervention group were lower than those in respective intervention groups(P ﹤ 0. 05),and the levels in Prednisone intervention group were lower than those in Azithromycin intervention group(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions IL - 23 / IL - 17 axis' high activity may be one of the immunologic mechanisms of Adriamycin - induced nephrosis. Azithromycin may inhibit the high activity of IL - 23 / IL - 17 axis to relieve the Adriamycin - induced nephrosis. The inhibition on IL - 23 / IL - 17 axis of Azithro-mycin was similar to Prednisone,and Azithromycin may enhance the effectiveness of Prednisone.

Autoimmunity is influenced by genetic,immune,hormonal,and environmental factors.Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity.It has been established that autoimmunity may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of heart disease.Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle associated with impaired function of the myocardium.Myocarditis is considered as the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy.Myocarditis may be caused by infectious factors and noninfectious factors,noninfectious factors including autoimmune diseases with myocarditis.To gain a better understanding of autoimmune myocarditis,we summarize the pathogenesis and clinical significance of autoimmune myocarditis.