Hepatic fibrosis is a damage and repair response model in chronic liver damage process.Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a determinant role as the main cells to produce liver extracellular matrix in the process of liver fibrosis,the activation and proliferation of HSC is the key link in liver fibrosis.Cholestasis is refers to the disorder in generation,secretion and flow of bile at the hepatocyte or bile duct level.The proteins exist in membranes of the liver cells and bile duct cells are important transporters to produce and secrete bile.In recent years,much progress have been made in signal transduction pathways of liver fibrosis,and the relevant research of cholestatic liver fibrosis is increasingly improvement,with the in-depth understanding of these transporters,complex signal network system of bile salt's synthesis and transport,this paper mainly through TGF-β/Smad,MAPK,JAK/STAT,NF-κ B and Wnt signal pathways to investigate the progress of signal transduction mechanism of cholestatic hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To explore the effects of different levels of dietary fat on oxidative damage of DNA in rats.Methods 45day-aged F344female rats were supplied with feed containing5%corn oil for12days,then were averagely divided into5groups,ten rats per group.Above5groups were fed by3%,5%,10%,15%and20%corn oil feed for20weeks respectively.The contens of5-hydroxymethyl-2-deoxyuridine(5-OHmdU)in blood and mammary tissue were determined.Results The con-tents of5-OHmdU in blood in creased with the increase of content s of dietary fat in feed.The contents of5-OHmdU in mammary tissue reached the peak in group fed with10%dietary fat then showed a plateau-type effect.Conclusion5-OHmdU levels in blood appeared to be a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage due to dietary fat intake.However,5-OHmdU levels in mammary tissue suggested that the oxidative DNA damage might appear at the middle levels of fat intake.

Objective To explore the effects of dietary fat on lipid peroxidation in female F344 rats. Methods The rats were fed diets containing various levels of corn oil ( 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% ) for 2, 10, 20 weeks and to detect the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in cerebellum, kidney and liver tissues by HPLC method. Results It was observed that rats consuming 3% and 5% corn oil diets yielded significantly higher levels of MDA compared with those fed with higher fat diets. It was also observed that the MDA levels at group of 20 weeks of feeding were significantly lower than groups of 2 weeks and/or 10 weeks of feeding. The three organs studied showed different MDA levels. MDA level in cerebellum was obviously higher than that in liver and kidney. Conclusion The lipid peroxidation linking with dietary fat seems to have tissue specific and time specific. The cerebellum tissues seem easy to be attacked by lipid peroxidation linking with dietary fat. The peaks of MDA concentrations emerge were at 2 week time point in cerebellum and at 10 week time point in liver and kidney respectively.

Objective To illustrate the application of fluoronavigation in Gamma nailing—a common surgical procedure in treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur and to compare the newly designed Gamma-3 system for navigation with the Gamma-AP system. Methods 66 patients with intertrochanteric fractures underwent Gamma nailing (40 Gamma-AP and 26 Gamma-3) under fluoronavigation guidance. An observer recorded the different intra-operative parameters. Results The Gamma-3 group showed superior results of shorter operation time (averaging 32 minutes), smaller surgical wound size (5cm), less X-ray requirement during procedure (7 times) and at the same time better lag screw position (Tip-Apex-Distance 17.9 mm). Conclusions Fluoronavigation can facilitate gamma nailing as a minimally invasive surgery because of its accurate guidance to nail insertion and lag screw positioning, a smaller surgical wound and minimized X-ray exposure suffered by operation theater staff. The Gamma-3 system has shown better results than the Gamma-AP system because of its navigation-specific design.

Objective This paper illustrates the application of fluoronavigation in intramedullary nailing in long bone fractures (femur and tibia), especially during the procedure of distal locking. We also explore the possibility of distal locking with an image bank of intramedullary nails and under navigation. Furthermore medical robots are being developed to further improve the precision of the procedure. Methods In our hospital, distal locking in 55 cases of femoral nailing and 36 cases of tibial nailing were performed under navigation. Another 13 cases of distal locking were performed with the image bank. Result The overall successful rate of distal locking was 97%. Conclusions Fluoronavigation in distal locking of intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures has achieved a high successful rate. Development of an image bank could further decrease the X-ray exposure suffered by the patient and operation theater staffs.

Objective:To establish a local ex-vivo gene transfer method to treat RA through animal experiments in vivo and in vitro using retrovirus(rV) as a vector which carrying rRV-vIL-10 target gene.Methods:①The rabbit RA models were induced by the rabbit synovial fibroblast cell line which could continuously expreesed hIL-1?. ②In vivo, the rabbit synovial fibroblast cell line was transduced with rRV-vIL-10, then adding G418 to pick out the rRV-vIL-10 positive clon and infecting the rabbit synovium through intra-articular injection. ③RT-PCR, IHC methods were performed to prove the success of gene transfer to the rabbit synovium and expressed the target protein. ④The relative cytokins changes were detected by ELISA before and after gene therapy and evaluated treatment efficacy of rRV-vIL-10.Results:①rRV-vIL-10 was a effective vector which could transfect to the rabbit synovium in vivo through RT-PCR and IHC methods. ②Intra-articular local gene therapy could effectly reduce the synovium inflammation level of rabbit joints and expressed mRNA and vIL-10 protein. The level of cytokin such as IL-1? was decline.Conclusion:Retrovirus-mediated transgene of vIL-10 is successfully transfected to the rabbit synovium ex-vivo and can reduce arthritis inflammation levels of the IL-1? induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the teaching methods for pharmacognosy course in order to improve the quality of teach-ing. METHODS:In view of the disadvantages of the traditional teaching method,the teaching methods in pharmacognosy courses were reformed and practiced in many ways. RESULTS:Special seminar was set up,the role of teacher and student exchange was applied,traditional culture and knowledge was penetrated in class teaching,extracurricular activities were carried out and field prac-tice was added. CONCLUSIONS:Through the reform practise of the teaching method in pharmacognostic courses in pharmacy ma-jor in our university,the initiative and enthusiasm of students' learning has been improved,the ability of professional knowledge has been expanded,innovation and practical ability have been actively cultivated and good teaching effected has achieved. The quali-ty of the teaching in pharmacognosy has been greatly improved.

Objective:To construct retroveral vectors,containing the expression sequence of vIL-10 and to transfect rabbit synoviocyte in vitro with recombinant retrovirus and detect the expression of target genes.Methods:①The primers with restrictive enzyme were designed spot and/amplify target gene by PCR from plasmid including vIL-10 gene was amplified.②The retroviral vector pLXSN of target gene was cloned,and identify the aquired plasmid by sequencing.③Co-transfecting the packaging cell GP-293 with constructed retroviral vector and assistant plasmid pVSVG by calcium phosphate-DNA co-precipitation.The medium containing recombinant virus was collected and titer of virus was determined.④Rabbit synoviocytes was transfected with acquired virus in vitro.Detect the protein expression by cell immunohistochemistry.Results:①The recombinant retrovirus rRV-vIL-10 was successfully constructed.The viral titer reached 5?106 cfu/ml.②vIL-10 gene were transduced into rabbit synoviocytes by recombinant retrovirus in vitro.The protein expression of genes could be detected by cell immunohistochemistry.Conclusion:①The recombinant retrovirus rRV-vIL-10 was successfully constructed.②vIL-10 gene were transduced successfully into the rabbit synoviocytes by retroviral vector in vitro.The transduced synoviocytes can express vIL-10 protein.

Objective To explore the application of fluoro-navigation in close reduction and fixation of pelvi-acetabular fractures. Methods After imaging reconstruction from plan X-rays and CT tomographs, close reduction and fixation of pelvi-acetabular fractures were conducted under fluoro-navigation based on the indications. If the reduction was found satisfactory, surgical planning was discussed together with the patients. Results No complications occurred among patients with pelvi-acetabular dislocation. Apart from few cases postoperative CT scan showed satisfactory crew fixation. Conclusion The current experiences suggest that the fluoro-navigation is indicated for fixation of pelvi-acetabular fractures with close reduction.

The National key disciplines are determined in accordanee with the national development strategies and major requirements.It is not only an important base to culture creative talents and cant out scientific research works but also a great measure to promote the health service.This paper described the content,method and ten issues of construction of the national key disciplines using the research institute of general surgery,medical school of Nanjing university (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing PLA Command) as an example.It put forward the valuable refefences for the administrators of the health and discipline construction.