Giant cell tumour of bone is one of the most common primary musculoskeletal tumours,accounting for 10％-21％ of bengin bone tumours,which can behave like malignant tumors and have benign histologic characteristics.Giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone is classified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a benign but locally aggressive tumour.Intralesional excision and wide resection may be helpful in operative treatment for GCT.However,there are limitations with these options in spite of the use of adjuvant therapy.For instance,intralesional excision had more local recurrence rate and less complications,wide resection had less local recurrence and poor functional results.Therefore,there is no widely held consensus regarding the ideal treatment selection for all GCT patients.The purpose is to review literature reports on the morphological features of GCT of bone and existing surgical method,and discuss the relationship between morphology characteristics of GCT and the selection of surgical options and postoperative recurrence rate,in order to help oncological doctors to choose surgical method in the clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the platelet inhibition ratio by thromboelastography (TEG) and its clinical impact in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods118 PCI patients were divided into ischemic events group (22 cases) and nonischemic events group (96 cases) according to their clinical follow-up of 6 months. Platelet inhibition ratio was measured by TEG. ResultsADP-induced platelet inhibition ratio of ischemic events group decreased significantly compared with nonischemic events group (P<0.01). And there were no significant differences in AA-induced platelet inhibition ratio between two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionThere may be some relationship between the ischemic events of PCI patients and their drug resistance to clopidogrel.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of Shenqi Lixin capsules through pharmacodynamic evaluation combined with orthogonal experiments with multi-index comprehensive evaluation.Methods:The congestive heart failure(CHF) model was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin in rats,and the LVEDD,LVESD,FS and LVEF of CHF rats were used as the indicators to screen the extraction process of the samples (process A was with the whole decoction of herbs and process B was with heterophylla powder mixed with the other herbs after boiling).The single factor tests and orthogonal tests were used to optimize the extraction process by taking the contents of astragaloside and tanshinone ⅡA and the quality of the decocted material as the indices,and adding water amount,decocting times and duration as the influencing factors.Results:Pharmacodynamic experiments indicated that the improvement effects of the samples from process B on cardiac symptoms and cardiac function in CHF rats were better than that of the samples from process A.The other medicinal materials were decocted by 12-fold amount of adding water,and repeated for 12 times with one hour for each time.The average extraction rate of astragaloside and tanshinone ⅡA was 61.82% and 50.07%,respectively,which was proven by the verification experiments.The average weight of the decoction was 6.02 g.Conclusion:The optimized extraction process of Shenq Lixin capsules is scientific,reasonable,stable and reliable.

AIMTo study the relationship between erythrocyte filtration index (EFI) and cholesterol and Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity of erythrocyte membrane in early stage of severe burns.

METHODSThe EFI was measured by means of percolation, the erythrocyte membrane cholesterol level was measured by means of chemically modified electrode, and the membrane Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity by means of detection of Pi.

RESULTSIn early stage of severe burns, the cholesterol level and Na+ -K -ATPase activity of erythrocyte membrane were always higher than those of control group (P < 0.01), but the EFI was lower than that of control group (P < 0.01). The cholesterol level and Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity of the erythrocyte membrane were negative correlation with EFI (r cho= -0.871, r ATPase = -0.801, P < 0.01) nospectively.

CONCLUSIONThe cholesterol level and Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity of erythrocyte membrane play a key role in the change of EFI.

Adult ; Burns ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol ; chemistry ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; chemistry ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)is a common hereditary blinding eye disease in ophthalmology.Current researches documented that RP may have the common pathophysiologic basis to Alzheimer disease and chronic neurodegenerative disease.Understanding this mechanism will offer a new therapeutic target for RP.Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/P25 activation in the apoptosis of retinal neural cells of RCS rats.Methods Eighteen SPF RCS rats and 18 RCS-rdy+ rats were randomized into 17-,25-and 35-day groups respectively and 6 rats for each.The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time points and retinal hemogenete was prepared.Expressions of CdkS,P35,P25 and tau phosphorylation in the retinas were detected by Western blot,and the kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was analyzed by quantitative colorimetric assay.Results The expressing level of P35 protein(A340) in the retinas of 17-day-old RCS rats was near that of 17-day-old RCS-rdy+ rats(t =0.52,P＞0.05).In 25-and 35-day-old RCS rats,the expressing levels of P35 protein were 2.20±0.48 and 1.23±0.14,which were higher than those of RCS-rdy+ rats(1.43±0.13 and 0.93±0.10),showing significant differences between them(t =3.78,4.28,P＜0.05).The expression of P25 was undetectable at postnatal 17 days in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats,but it showed significantly higher in RCS rats(0.300±0.003 and 0.230±0.004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.040±0.004 and 0.070±0.004) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(t=121.81,77.51,P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in the expression of Cdk5 in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats at different ages (t =-0.60,0.19,1.62,P＞ 0.05).The kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 did not show significantly different between RCS and RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 17 days(t =0.19,P＞0.05),but significantly higher kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was seen in RCS rats (0.0058 ±0.0005 and 0.0056±0.0004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.0038±0.0003 and 0.0032 ±0.0007) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days (t =8.07,5.97,P＜ 0.01).No expression of tau phosphorylation was detected in RCS rats at postnatal 17 days,but significantly higher tau phosphorylation level was seen in RCS rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.80±0.22 and 1.23±0.17),which were significant different in comparison with RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.60 ±0.20 and 1.04 ±0.12)(t=4.71,3.17,P＜0.05).Conclusions The Cdk5/P25 kinase activity shows a consistent trend with theexpressions of P25 and tau phosphorylation in the RCS rats,indicating that the upregulation of P25 induces the enhance of enzyme activity of Cdk5,which phosphorylate its substrates to result in more apoptosis of retinal neural cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of integrin-linked kinase(ILK) in renal tubular epithelial cells and its relation to tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, Group normal control (n=10), Group diabetic without therapy(n=10) and Group diabetic with Losartan 20mg/(kg . d)(n=10). Five rats were killed in each group at the 8th and 16th week. The left kidneys were kept for HE and Masson staining to observe the pathological variations in the renal interstitium. ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells in Group diabetes gradually increased in immunohistochemistry (P<0.01); ILK was consistent with the pathological variation of renal interstitium and was positively correlated to alpha-SMA(rs=0.621, P<0.05). In comparison with the Group diabetes, the expression of ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells was apparently declined (P<0.01) in Group diabetes with Losartan. CONCLUSION Tubular epithelial myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the over-expression of ILK, between which there may be significant connections, are important events in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Losartan, a blocker of angiotension II type I receptor, which may down-regulate the expression of ILK in diabetic renal tubular epithelial cells, can restrain the procession of epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
Actins ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vimentin ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antagonistic effect and mechanism of the effect of cyproheptadine (Cyp) on endotoxic shock in rats.

METHODSEndotoxic shock was produced in rats by i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (5 mg/kg). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF(alpha)) mRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot. Plasma TNF(alpha) content was measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. The intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in single endothelial cells was determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).

RESULTSCyp 5 mg/kg injected immediately after i.v. LPS raised the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of shocked rats and improved their 24 h survival rate. Meanwhile, Cyp markedly decreased TNF(alpha) mRNA levels in rat liver (18 +/- 10 vs. LPS + saline 38 +/- 10, P < 0.01) as well as plasma TNF(alpha) content [(7.8 +/- 2.4) microg/L vs. LPS + saline (21.5 +/- 3.2) microg/L, P < 0.01)]. It enhanced plasma SOD activity [(1037.2 +/- 112.8) NU/L vs LPS + saline (615.4 +/- 92.6) NU/L, P < 0.01], reduced the MDA content [(5.2 +/- 1.1) micromol/L vs. LPS + saline (9.8 +/- 1.5) micromol/L, P < 0.01], and inhibited TNF(alpha)-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation.

CONCLUSIONCyp exerts an anti-endotoxic shock effect by inhibiting TNF(alpha) gene expression, enhancing SOD activity, reducing lipid peroxidation, and preventing [Ca(2+)](i) overload.

Animals ; Cyproheptadine ; pharmacology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Septic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the function and motor pathway of remained cerebral hemisphere by studying motor evoked potential of both upper extremities on patients long term after anatomical hemispherectomy.

METHODSFive patients after anatomical hemispherectomy, who were marked 5 dispersive sites on head to perform transcranial magnetic stimulation. Recording motor evoked potential of target muscles (brachioradialis muscle and abductor pollicis brevis) of both upper extremities respectively when muscle resting and contracting.

RESULTSOnly affected abductor pollicis brevis of case 2 and only affected brachioradialis muscle of case 4 and 5 recorded motor evoked potential when muscle resting. Motor evoked potential of some cases can be recorded simultaneously in homonymous muscles of both sides when muscle resting or contracting.

CONCLUSIONSThere exists motor cortex that controls movement of ipsilateral limbs and also ipsilateral motor pathway of corticospinal connection at patients after anatomical hemispherectomy. It also means that the motor function of affected limbs has potency to recover well after hemispherectomy. The mirror movement after hemispherectomy is possible relate to overlap of both limbs' motor cortex.

Adult ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemispherectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Cortex ; physiopathology ; Postoperative Period ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Upper Extremity ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 in rat model of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL).

METHODSThe AFL rats models were established by administering the drinking water with 40%(v/v) ethanol, and the changes of pathology in liver and hepatocyte P450IIE1 expression, as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E (VitE) in liver were detected and compared with those in the control group.

RESULTSFatty degeneration in liver recovered normally in the CHC-treated group. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization examination showed that CHC could inhibit the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly, and restore the contents of MDA, SOD, GSH, VitE to nearly normal range.

CONCLUSIONCHC can prevent AFL through inhibiting the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Based on site-specific transposition of an expression cassette into a baculovirus shuttle vector (Bacmid) which propagated in Escherichia coli, the Bac-to-Bac System provides a rapid and efficient method to generate recombinant baculoviruses and is widely used for high level expression of heterologous proteins. And the efficiency of recombinant baculovirus infecting cells plays an important role on the protein expression. In this study, we introduced an EGFP expression cassette driven by polyhedrin promoter into the p74 locus of Bacmid by homologous recombination. The target Bacmid-egfp was then transformed into E. coli DH10B containing the transposition helper plasmid to gain a new transposition receipt strain E. coli DH10Bac-egfp. Because of the intact attTn7 sites and lacZ', target gene cloned in a pFastBac vector can be transposed into the Bacmid-egfp shutter vector to construct recombinant baculovirus, which would allow the tracing of the target protein expression and the recombinant Bacmid transfection or recombinant baculoviral infection under fluorescence microscopes. Recombinant virus Bac-egfp-DsRed was constructed by transposing DsRed into the Bacmid-egfp in E. coliDHl0Bac-egfp, and the Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus expressed DsRed and EGFP efficiently. Another protein IL-6 fused with 6 x his tag was expressed and purified sucessfully from Sf9 cells infected with recombinant virus Bac-egfp-6 x his-IL6 constructed by the improved Bac-to-Bac system.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Spodoptera