OJBECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence of metformin hydrochloride tablets.METHODS:A single oral dose of1000mg metformin tablet was given to20healthy male volunteers in an open randomized cross-over test.The plasma levels of metformin were determined by HPLC with ultraviolet detection.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of tested and metformin tablets were as follows,C max was(2.59?0.62)?g/ml and(2.60?0.62)?g/ml,T max was(2.0?0.5)h and(1.9? 0.5)h,T 1/2ke was(3.01?0.54)h and(2.90?0.50)h,AUC 0～12 was(13.21?3.28)(?g?h)/ml and(12.99?2.98)(?g?h)/ml,AUC 0～∞ was(14.29?3.44)(?g?h)/ml and(13.91?3.23)(?g?h)/ml,respectively.The relative bioavailability of metformin tablet was(101.6?7.9)%.CONCLUSION:This study shows that the two kinds of preparations are bioequiva?lent.

Objective To explore the brain biochemical changes in the frontal lobe of adolescents with depression using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Twenty-four patients and twenty-three healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level were enrolled in the study. All the subjects underwent multivoxel 1H MRS to measure the bilateral metabolic levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) in the prefrontal lobes. Results The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the left dorsolateral prefrontal white matter of the depressive adolescents were significantly lower than those of the healthy subjects [NAA/Cr: 1.67 ± 0.32, t = 3.126, P = 0.004; Cho/Cr: 1.28 ± 0.30, t = 2.362, P = 0.024], and the ratios of NAA/Cr in the right dorsolateral prefrontal white matter of the depressive adolescents was also significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects [NAA/Cr:1.65 ± 0.26, t=2.969, P=0.006]. There was no significant difference in the metabolic ratios in the bilateral anterior cingulate gray matter between the depressive adolescents and the healthy controls. Conclusions Biochemical abnormalities in prefrontal white matter are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Importantly , these abnormalities are already present early in the course of the disorder.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death. Safflower attracts great attention owing to its anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury effect. Ninety-three patients with CAD were included and randomized into safflower treatment group, PCI group and control group. Low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) was performed to measure end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) to determine the recovery of hibernating myocardium and cardiac function in all patients before treatment and after 3-month follow-up. The study was to investigate the effects of safflower on hibernating myocardial revascularization and cardiac function. It was found that LVEF was significantly improved, while the ESV and WMSI were significantly reduced after 2-week treatment in safflower and PCI treatment groups. No significant differences were found between safflower and PCI treatment groups in ESV, EDV, WMSI and LVEF after treatment Safflower injection effectively improved hibernating myocardial function.
Aged ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Coronary Artery Disease ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Myocardial Stunning ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Recovery of Function

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of oral modified device combined with nasopharyngeal enlargement surgery and evaluate the oral modified device' s adjuvant therapy meaning in severe OSAHS patients after surgery treatment. METHOD: 46 cases with severe OSAHS were diagnosed by PSG according to AHI and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSaO2). We performed the nasal or pharyngeal cavity expansion surgery for them according to the pathological change part correspondingly. Then all subjects were divided into combined group (n=26) and surgery alone group (n=20) according to their personal willingness. We monitored the PSG for all subjects aftter 2 weeks and 3 months respectively, then we calculate the diversity between the two group or intragroup change on the basis of the AHI, LAT, LSaO2, mean arterial oxygen saturation (MSaO2) and sleep structures recorded by PSG. At the same time, we collected the subjective sensations by questionnaire. RESULT: The AHI and LAT in combined group were significantly lower and LSaO2 was significantly higher than these in surgery alone group(P<0. 05), and it's no difference in MSO2 between the two groups (P>0. 05). The N 1% was more shorter and the N2% and N3% were more longer after nasal or pharyngeal operation compared with pre-operative states in both groups(P<. 05), but we didn't find difference in REM%(P>. 05). The data of PSG also showed that the shallow sleep proportion was more shorter and the slow wave sleep proportion was more longer in combined group compared with surgery alone group. The subjective sensations results also showed significantly alleviated in combined group, such as mental state, daytime sleepiness and physical strength. The efficiency ratio of treatment was 85. 0% and 92. 3% in surgery alone group and combined group respectively. CONCLUSION Nasal and pharyngeal cavity enlargement surgery combined with oral modified device is a more effective treatment in patients with severe OSAHS, and it is meaningful for the long-term curative effect of surgery to prevent relapse and improve.
Humans ; Nasopharynx ; surgery ; Nose ; surgery ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Oximetry ; Sensation ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Sleep Stages ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the discrepancy of aldosterone synthesis process and potential regulation abnormality between aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) and normal adrenal(NA) with microarray. Methods cRNA probes labelled with biotin were prepared from mRNA of APAs(APA group,n=10) or NAs(control group,n=7).The probes were hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray of target gene expression profile.Expression levels were read from the fluorescent intensity scanned.The difference of gene expression profile was analyzed by computer software.Differentially expressed genes were verified by real-time RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,97 genes were up-regulated and 168 genes were down-regulated in APA group.In the genes related to steroid hormone synthesis,only CYP11B2 was significantly up-regulated.In the physiologic regulators of aldosterone synthesis,CYB5A,CYP17A1,DUSP1 and HMGCR were down-regulated,while RENBP and NR1H2 were up-regulated.As a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cortisol,the expression of CYP17A1 gene was inhibited. Conclusion Among the aldosterone synthesis related enzyme and corresponding regulatory genes in APA,CYP11B2 may be a key synthetase,and the suppressed physiologic regulators of aldosterone synthesis may indicate the existence of neoplastic modulation.

Objective:To explore the effects of different approaches for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction on pregnancy outcome in women with dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplet.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 51 women with DCTA triplet pregnancies who were referred to Guangdong Women and Children Hospital for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction from January 2014 to January 2020. All participants were divided into either preventive group ( n=39) or treatment group ( n=12) according to the indication for multifetal pregnancy reduction, and they were further allocated to three subgroups based on different reduction methods, which were reduction to dichorionic twin by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (RFA subgroup), reduction to monochorionic singleton (KCl-singleton subgroup) or monochorionic twin (KCl-twin subgroup) by cardiac injection of potassium chloride. Pregnancy loss rate, neonatal birth weight, gestational age at delivery, incidence of intrauterine death, and neonatal death were compared and analyzed between different groups using t-test, analysis of variance, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Bonferroni correction. Results:(1) The mean gestational week at operation in the treatment group was significantly later than that in the preventive group [(18.5±3.1) vs (15.0±2.3) weeks, t=-4.209, P<0.001]. In the preventive group, the mean gestational week at operation in the RFA subgroup was later than the KCl-singleton and KCl-twin subgroup[(17.2±1.6) vs (13.8±1.5) and (12.7±1.0) weeks, t=6.630 and 3.875, respectively, both P<0.05]. (2) The postoperative pregnancy loss rate in the preventive group was decreased compared with the treatment group [10.3%(4/39) vs 5/12, Fisher's exact test, P<0.05], and the live birth ratio was increased [ 85.7%(48/56) vs 10/18, χ2=5.640, P=0.018]. No live birth infants with birth weight <1 500 g was reported in the KCl-singleton subgroup in preventive group, and the statistical significance was observed in the intra-group differences ( P<0.05) rather than the pairwise comparison differences in the preventive group. For the proportion of live births, there was a statistically significant difference in the intra-group comparison in the treatment group, which was higher in the RFA subgroup than that in the KCl-twin subgroup (6/6 vs 1/6, P=0.045). No significant difference was revealed among pregnancy loss rate, gestational weeks at delivery, the mean birth weight, premature delivery <32 gestational weeks, and full-term birth rate among three different approaches within the two groups. (3) No monochorionic twin complications or perinatal death occurred in any RFA or KCl-singleton subgroups in the two groups. In the KCl-twin subgroups including five cases with ten fetuses, including three live birth, four miscarriage, three intrauterine death occured, while no neonatal death was reported. One case with selective fetal uterine growth restriction in the preventive group delivered two live births, and one case with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in the treatment group had intrauterine death in one fetus and one survival neonate. Conclusions:The pregnancy outcome of multifetal pregnancy reduction to dichorionic diamniotic twins by RFA or reduction to singleton by cardiac injection of potassium chloride are comparative in women with DCTA triplet, regardless of whether it is a preventive or therapeutic reduction.

Objective:To evaluate effect of teaching for understanding (TfU) model on the teaching of nursing students in vascular surgery department.Methods:A total of 27 nursing students rotating in vascular surgery department in our hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were enrolled to receive TfU teaching. This model included setting enlightening topics and understanding goals, designing standardized patients, group scenario simulation and other understanding activities, and sustainability evaluation was carried out for teaching. Compared with 27 interns from July 2017 to July 2018, the teaching effect was evaluated through theoretical achievement assessment and teaching satisfaction survey.Results:The results of theoretical assessment showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the and pathogenesis and clinical symptoms ( P>0.05) in the examination. However, the experimental group was higher than the control group in the measurement of the clinical nursing and the total score, with statistical difference ( t=2.934, t=2.641, P=0.005, P=0.011). The results of satisfaction survey showed that the students' satisfaction scores of the experimental group on the mastery of theoretical knowledge, communication ability, teamwork and cooperation, learning interest improvement and the overall teaching were better than those of the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The TfU teaching model can increase the understanding and the mastery of the clinical nursing knowledge of related diseases, improve students' learning enthusiasm, enhance the ability of communication and cooperation, and it's beneficial for the all-round development of students.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathohistological characteristics of the prostate tissues in patients who receive a second TURP and to evaluate their clinical significance.

METHODSWe collected surgical specimens from 50 cases of TURP (the control group) and another 50 cases of re-TURP (the re-TURP group), detected the expressions of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and androgen receptor (AR) in the prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry (S-P), and determined microvessel density (MVD) and the expressions of VEGF and AR. We performed statistical analyses on the results obtained from the specimens of the control group as well as from those of the first and second operations of the re-TURP group.

RESULTSVEGF and AR expressed in all the specimens. The expressions of VEGF and AR and MVD were significantly higher in the re-TURP group than in the controls (P < 0.05), but showed no significant differences between the first and second operations in the re-TURP group (P > 0.05). Positive correlations were found between the expressions of AR and VEGF, VEGF and MVD, and AR and MVD (r = 0.650, 0.705 and 0.525, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIncreased AR, VEGF and MVD in the prostatic tissues may be one of the important causes of recurrence of BPH after TURP, and could be considered as the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and targeted indicators for preventive measures.

Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism ; Reoperation ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDEarlier studies have examined the association between the diameter of primary tumors measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology in breast cancer patients. However, the diameter does not completely describe the dimensions of the breast tumor or its volumetric proportion relative to the whole breast. The association between breast tumor volume/breast volume ratios measured by these two techniques has not been reported.

METHODSSeventy-three patients were recruited from female patients with primary breast tumors admitted to our center between January and December 2010. They were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 46) underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM), and Group B (n = 27) underwent preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy before MRM. They were examined by dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to measure breast volumes (BVs), tumor volumes (TVs), and tumor volume/breast volume ratios (TV/BV). These measurements were compared with histopathology results after MRM, and the associations between MRI and pathology were analyzed by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTSFor Group A, the correlation coefficients for BVs, TVs, and TV/BV ratios measured by the two techniques were 0.938, 0.921, and 0.897 (all P < 0.001), respectively. For Group B, the correlation coefficients for BVs, TVs, and TV/BV ratios were 0.936, 0.902, and 0.869 (all P < 0.01), respectively. The results suggest statistically significant correlations between these parameters measured by the two techniques for both groups.

CONCLUSIONFor these patients, BVs, TVs, and TV/BV ratios measured by DCE-MRI significantly correlated with those determined by histopathology.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo evaluate aberrant methylation of the p16 promoter as a useful biomarker of lung cancer.

METHODSA modified methylation-specific semi-nested PCR was performed to detect p16 hypermethylation in the matched samples of tumor tissue, blood plasma and sputum derived from 51 cases of lung cancer patients.

RESULTSHypermethylation of p16 promoter was demonstrated in 84.3% of the tumor tissues, 70.6% of the blood plasma and 76.5% of the sputum specimens, respectively. Only the patients whose tumor tissues had p16 hypermethylation exhibited aberrant methylation in their plasma and/or sputum specimens. Combining with cytological examination, 92.2% of the patients with lung cancer could be detected by p16 hypermethylation assay in both sputum and plasma samples.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that p16 hypermethylation in plasma and sputum identified by semi-nested PCR is a biomarker of lung cancer which can be useful as an auxillary diagnostic parameter.

DNA Methylation ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction