Objective To investigate the effect of cefuroxime axetil on vaginal microecological balance in mice.Methods Twenty specific pathogen free (SPF)female mice were randomly divided into experimental group A and B and control group C and D with 5 mice in each group.Mice in experimental groups A and B were given dissolved cefuroxime axetil by gavage for 5 days,mice in the control groups C and D were given 0.9% saline instead.Vaginal secretions from experiment group A and the control group C were collected on d1 after drug withdrawal,and from experiment group B and control group D were collected on d5 after drug withdrawal.The vaginal pH,Lactobacillus,Enterobacter,Staphylococcus and Streptococcus colony forming units (CFU)were measured,and the ultrastructure of Lactobacillus was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM).The density and diversity of vaginal flora were determined.t test and Z test were used to analyze data.Results Compared to control group C,vaginal pH was increased in experimental group A on d1 (t =2.675,P <0.05 ),and CFU of Lactobacillus,Enterobacter,Staphylococcus and Streptococcus decreased significantly (t =-2.741 , -1 3.501 , -3.077 and -2.598,all P <0.05 );compared to control group D,vaginal pH in experimental group B was increased on d5 (t =4.797,P <0.05),and CFU of Lactobacillus,Enterobacter,Staphylococcus and Streptococcus decreased significantly (t =-3.737,-6.81 6, -1 6.079 and -3.580,all P <0.05 ).The morphology of Lactobacillus showed wrinkled,broken cell wall and cell debris in experiment groups A and B under the electron microscope.The density and diversity of vaginal florain experimental groups A and B were decreased compared to those in control groups C and D (Z = -2.437 and -2.297,both P <0.05 ).Conclusion Broad-spectrum antibiotics cefuroxime axetil can increase vaginal pH, destroy the cell wall of dominant bacterial Lactobacillus,and reduce vaginal flora diversity and density,resulting in disturbance of vaginal micro-ecologicalbalance.

Objective To investigate the value of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and the kidney shear wave velocity (SWV) in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.Methods 150 cases of patients with diabetic mellitus were divided into three groups according to 24h urinary albumin excretion (Ualb):normalbuminuria (NA) group,microalbuminuria (MA) group and clinical proteinuria (CA) group;50 healthy subjects were selected as the control group (NC).The levels of blood BMP-7 were detected and the virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) was used to detect renal SWV in four groups.Both the BMP-7 level and the renal parenchyma SWV were compared among four groups.Then correlation analysis was made between blood of BMP-7 level and renal SWV in diabetic nephropathy groups.Results Blood BMP-7 level:the lowest was CA group,the middle one was MA group,and the highest was NA group (P ＜0.05),the NC group and the NA group had no significant difference (P ＞0.05); SWV measured values:CA group was the highest,MA group was middle one and the NA group was the lowest (P ＜ 0.05),the difference between NC group and the NA group was not significant statistically (P ＞0.05).The blood levels of BMP-7 and renal SWV had a significant negative correlation (r =-0.612,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The blood BMP-7 levels downregulate with the progressing of diabetic nephropathy,but the renal SWV increases with the diabetic nephropathy deterioration,and may indirectly reflects blood BMP-7 levels.Both of them have important application values in the diagnosis or treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To discuss the clinical efficiency of transcatheter arterial chemoperfusion or chemoembolization (TACP / TACE) for treatment of liver metastasis from malignant insulinoma. Methods 9 cases of liver metastasis from malignant insulinoma were performed with TACP protocol of 5-fluorouracil,epirubicin,mitomycin C and interleukin-2,including 2 patients also received TACE with total 2-8 courses of treatment. Results All patients finished the interventional therapy uneventfully with no serious complication. After treatment,clinical symptoms disappeared or improved significantly,with obvious response in 2 cases and partial response in 7 cases. Efficacy in imaging revealed obvious response in 1 case,partial response in 7 and no response in 1 case. Conclusion TACP / TACE for treatment of liver metastasis from malignant insulinoma is safe and effective.

Objective The study was conducted to investigate the acute phase of convulsion related problem on the clinical manifestations,imaging and electroencephalograph (EEG) examination of purulent meningitis.Methods Cluster sampling method was employed to select children in our hospital,a total of 301 cases with purulent meningitis was analyzed retrospectively.Among them,62 cases had convulsion.The incidence of convulsion in the acute phase of the purulent meningitis,risk factors,and prognosis were analyzed.Results The convulsion incidence rate of acute purulent meningitis was 20.60％.The partial seizure was eight cases (12.90％).The secondarily generalized seizure following partial seizure was 15 cases (24.19％).The generalized seizure was 32 cases (51.61％).The convulsive status was 7 cases (11.29％).The EEG abnormality was significantly different between the convulsion group and the no convulsion group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of brain organic damage was significantly different between two groups (P ＜0.05).The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed,cause of disease,first symptom,disturbance of consciousness,obvious signs,and cerebrospinal fluid culture with convulsion were the relevant factors (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The most common seizure of purulent meningitis was the generalized seizure.Brain organic damage easily resulted in convulsion of purulent meningitis.The days of hospitalization,cause of disease,first symptom,disturbance of consciousness,obvious signs,and cerebrospinal fluid culture with convulsion were the positively relevant factors.Those positively relevant factors in combination of the clinical manifestations,imaging,and EEG examination in children would play an important role in diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of convulsion derived from purulent meningitis.Moreover,convulsion affects the disease recovery in children with purulent meningitis.

Objective To compare the effects on neurobiological factors of attributional retraining group therapy (ARGT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for major depressive disorder (MDD),anxiety disorder (AD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods Outpatients with MDD,AD and OCD were divided into ARGT group (n =63) and SSRI group (n =66) according to the sequence of entering the study.MDD,AD and OCD patients were respectively measured with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA),and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before and after 8 weeks treatment.All subjects were detected of plasma serotonin,norepinephrine,cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone by radioimmunoassay before and after treatment.Results After treatment,HAMD scores of MDD patients were reduced significantly in both ARGT group (t =18.411,P =0.000) and SSRI group (t =20.092,P =0.000) ; HAMA scores of GAD patients were reduced significantly in both ARGT group (t =13.989,P=0.000) and SSRI group (t=15.815,P=0.000) ;Y-BOCS scores of OCD patients were reduced significantly in both ARGT group (t =5.465,P =0.000)and SSRI group (t =4.792,P =0.000).In ARGT group,MDD (t =3.145,P =0.006),AD (t =2.785,P =0.012) and OCD patients (t =2.877,P =0.011) decreased plasma cortisol concentrations significantly.In SSRI group,MDD (t =-2.923,P =0.010) and OCD patients (t =-2.301,P =0.035) improved plasma serotonin significantly and MDD patients (t =-2.333,P =0.033) improved plasma norepinephrine significantly.Conclusion ARGT can modulate plasma cortisol level.SSRI can up-modulate plasma serotonin level.The two therapies take effect by different biological ways.

Objective To study the clinical features of the variants of benign childhood epilepsy with central temporal spikes (BECT).Methods The clinical data of 12 hospitalized pediatric patients with BECT from Jan 2007 to Jan 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 7 boys and 5 girls in 12 patients. The age of onset was from 3 to 9 years old. Two cases were dizygotic twins. The atypical symptoms included atypical absence of 10 cases, negative myoclonic seizure of 8 cases, speech expression disorders and oral-pharynx apraxia of 4 cases. The electroencephalography (EEG) of all 12 patients showed abundance of spike and waves (SW) in rolandic areas during wake-up and sleep. The SW index was 50%-85% during slow sleep in all patients.Conclusions The variants of BECT are often associated with EEG deterioration. Understanding the clinical featuress and EEG characteristics can help the diagnosis of BECT variants.

Objective To analyze the potential etiologies and risk factors of childhood stroke. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 159 children who were admitted from Jan.2006 to Jan.2014. Results The 159 children were composed of 100 boys and 59 girls , with median onset age of 1.8 years (ranged from 1 day to 12 years old) and median peak age of 0.9 years (ranged from 3 months to 2.8 years old). Their initial symptoms included limb hemiplegia,language dififculties and convulsion. The common causes included infections found in 46 cases (central nervous system infection in 32 cases, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infection in 14 case), head injury in 42 cases, vitamin K deifciency in 29 cases, Moyamoya disease in 8 cases, heart diseases in 11 cases, spontaneous hemorrhage in 11 cases and 12 cases of unknown reason. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of children acute ischemic stroke in toddler period;and vitamin K1 deifciency were the most common cause of children hemorrhage stroke in infancy. The most common region of infarction is basal ganglia and middle cerebral artery in neuronal imaging. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 1.4 days. The median time of inhospital was 28 days. The median apex time was 4.3 days. Conclusions Among 159 cases, acute ischemic stroke is much more common than hemorrhagic stroke in children stroke, and the major risk factors are infections and head injury;Vitamin K1 deifciency is a major risk factor in infants with hemorrhagic stroke.

Objective To analysis the role of adiponectin, insulin like growth factor -1 in elderly chronic heart failure.Methods 92 elderly patients with chronic heart failure were selected and divided into control group and experiment group.46 cases of the control group were treated with conventional treatment including strong heart, diuresis, vasodilator,lowering blood pressure, the experimental group was on the basis of routine treatment with catechin, 50 mg/kg orally, 1 times a day.2 weeks as a course, 1 course of treatment.Adiponectin, insulin like growth factor -1,BNP,LVEDD, LVESD and LVEF were compared before and after treatment.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of observation group was 93.48%, the control group total effective rate was 76.09%.The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ2 =5.39, P <0.05 ).After treatment, BNP, Adp in two groups decreased, IGF-1 increased, compared with control group, BNP, Adp level of the experiment group were lower, IGF-1 was higher(P<0.05),and LVEDD and LVESD of the experiment were lower, LVEF was higher, (P<0.05). Conclusion Catechins can decrease the serum levels of adiponectin, elevate insulin like growth factor-1, improve the degree of heart failure, is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To describe the anatomical variants of infants’internal cerebral veins and their tributaries with MR suscep-tibility weighted imaging,and to evaluate the capability in the visualization of cerebral deep veins.Methods 80 healthy infants were enrolled in this study.All the brain images were obtained by a 3D gradient-echo sequence (Enhanced T2 ? weighted angiography-ES-WAN)on a 3.0T MR,which were reconstructed with minimal intensity projection.The septal vein,thalamostriate vein,internal cerebral vein and anterior caudate nucleus veins were evaluated.4 types (ⅠA,ⅠB,ⅡA,ⅡB)were classified based on their rela-tionship with the septal vein-internal cerebral vein junction and interventricular foramen,and 3 types (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)based on the drainage patterns of the anterior caudate nucleus veins.Results The septal vein,thalamostriate vein and internal cerebral vein could be clearly and continuously visualized in 100% infants,and the visualization rate of the anterior caudate nucleus veins was 88.1%. TypeⅠA and TypeⅠ were most common in the two classification patterns.Conclusion Infants’internal cerebral veins and their tributaries are able to be clearly shown with the minimal intensity projection in susceptibility weighted imaging,which is a good method to evaluate the cerebral deep veins in infants.

OBJECTIVETo study the overexpression of Sox9 gene on rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repairing articular cartilage injury in vivo.

METHODSRabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transduced with lentivirus vector containing Sox9 gene and then cartilage specific molecule was detected by RT-PCR in vitro. Total 48 knee joints of 24 mature New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different defect treatment. After animals anesthesia,a full-thickness cylindrical cartilage defect of 4 mm diameter and 3 mm deep was created in the patellar groove using a stainlesssteel punch. Meanwhile, the transfected cells were implanted to repair the rabbit model with full-thickness cartilage defects. Cartilage defects tissue was observed with light microscope, electron microscope, HE and immunohistochemistry staining to assess the repair of defects by the complex at 6 weeks or 12 weeks after the implantation.

RESULTSAt 3 days after the transfection, Sox9 gene expression was highest and Sox9 gene expression decreased with the increase of time. At 3 days after the transfection, the expression of collagen type II began and reached the peak at 14 days. It showed that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells went into chondrogenic differentiation after transfected by Sox9 gene. Histological observation showed that at 6 weeks after the operation, the defects in the experimental group was filled with hyaline like cartilage tissue, 12 weeks after operation,the defects of cartilage and subchondral bone had satisfactory healing. Both at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the defects were filled with fibrous tissues in control groups. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining of sections with type II collagen antibodies showed the proteins in the regenerated tissue stained positive for type II collagen and stronger than the control groups. The histological scoring system indicated that the cartilage repair of experiment groups were better than the two control groups with statistical significances.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of Sox9 gene on rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promote the repair of cartilage defect.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cartilage, Articular ; injuries ; metabolism ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; Osteoarthritis ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Rabbits ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Engineering