The bilingual teaching must face some innovations and reformations in the contents and methods to acquire some satisfactory outcome.The article discusses some questions of bilingual teaching in paediatrics including the shortage of teachers,the interest deficiency of students,the lack of suitable teaching materials and inferior learning environment,and then provides some useful advice for the innovations of bilingual teaching.

Objective To establish radioiodine therapy in nonthyroid tumor and to investigate 131Ⅰ treatment effect on xenografted ovarian cancer. Methods Based on previous test, xenografted ovarian cancer nude model were established in nude mice. The effects of radioactive isotope 99m TcO-4 imaging and radioiodine 131Ⅰ treatment on xenografted ovarian cancer in vivo were investigated. Results After transferring human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) gene, the xenografted ovarian cancer in nude mice was imaged by isotope 99m TcO-4 Moreover,131Ⅰ exerted inhibitory effect on the proliferative activity. Conclusion After the transfection of hNIS gene, 131Ⅰ has inhibitory effect on proliferative activity of xenografted ovarian cancer.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),which resembles human rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,including blank control group,CIA model group and MG132-treated group.There were sixteen rats in each group.Rats in CIA model group and MG132-treated model group were injected with type Ⅱ collagen to established CIA rats.21 days after the initial immunization,the rats in the MG132-treated model group were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg MG132 once daily for 2 weeks.42 days after the initial immunization,the change of paw-swelling and the arthritis scores were determined.The synovial pathology examination was performed with HE staining.The 20S proteasome activity in synovial tissue was measured by fluorescence substrate assay.The expression of NF-κB/p65,IκBα in synovial tissue were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Proteasome inhibitor MG132 significantly attenuated the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.Compared with the blank control group,the 20S proteasome activity was increased significantly in the CIA model group(P<0.05),and decreased after injection of MG132.Compared with CIA rats,the expression of NF-κB/p65 significantly decreased in rats treated with MG132(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the expression of IκBα protein decreased in CIA model group.After injected with MG132,the protein was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The proteasome inhibitor MG132 may attenuates the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.These effects may be mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB activity.

Objective To explore the effective therapeutic methods for hepatolithiasis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical material of 178 hepatolithiasis patients who underwent surgical therapy.Among the 178 patients,107 patients were treated with T-tube drainage(including 7 patients with left hepatic lobe or quadlrate lobe resection),and 71 patients were treated with bile duct-intestinal anastomosis(including 11 patients with left hepatic lobe or quadrate lobe resection).Results Recurrence rate of postoperative angiocholitis in the two groups was 49.5 % and 24 % respectively,and the reoperation rate was 28.7 % and 8 % respectively.Conclusions The key to prevent recurrent angiocholitis and reduce the reoperation rate is to relieve biliary tract stricture,remove the focus of infection and provide unobstructed bile duct drainage.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil and inclusion preparation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin from compoundJinling Sini Siwu Shixiaosan Granules.Methods The orthogonal approach of L9 (34) was applied to investigate the volume of volatile oil extraction by 3 factors to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. With inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion compound as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the optimum preparation conditions were discussed. The characterization of this prepared inclusion was analyzed by TLC.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the crude medicine with medicinal powder was shattered into 20 meshes;8 times the amount of water was added and was extracted for 8 h. The best inclusion conditions were as follows:the proportion of volatile oil to HP-β-CD was 1∶6, with inclusion temperature of 30℃, grinding time of 2 h. Analysis results of TLC showed that stable inclusion compound was formed from volatile oil and HP-β-CD.Conclusion The optimized extraction process and inclusion preparation are with stable quality and high feasibility.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of inward rectifier potassium channel blockers (BaCl2, CsCl) on the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

METHODSDensity gradient centrifugation-isolated rat hone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro. EPCs were harvested and seeded on six culture dish when cells grew to 3-5 passages. Before testing the EPCs were synchronized with M199, which contain 2% fetal calf serum. In the end, EPCs were treated with different intervention. The experiment mainly included two parts: (1) BaCl2 (100 micromol/L) and free BaC2 of Tyrodes solution; (2) CsCl (1 mmol/L) and control. Cell pretreated with blockers above mentioned for 12 h, then the gene expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), epoprotenol (PGI2) were assessed, beyond that the ability of adhesion, migration were assayed with different tests. In addition, the medium was collected when EPCs were treated for 3 days. The levels of SDF-1 were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Going even further, EPCs were treated with the signal pathway blockers in advance, after repeat the above steps, in order to analyze the change of SDF-1 and then discuss its mechanism.

RESULTSCompared with control group, BaCl2, CsCl could increase EPC adhesion and migration to same extent. Moreover, the gene expression of SDF-1, PGI2 was significantly up-regulated and the production of SDF-1 increased evidently. Furthermore, the mechanism of SDF-1 secretion increasing mainly was associated with eNOS signaling pathways.

CONCLUSIONBa2+ and Cs+ play important roles in increasing EPCs functions, such as adhesion, migration and secretion.

Animals ; Barium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cesium ; pharmacology ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Rats ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Keratorefractive surgery changes the central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature, which could influence the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and non-contact tonometer (NCT) measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), but not dynamic contour tonometer(DCT). During the procedure of LASIK, there is a transient rise of IOP, which increases the risks of optic nerve damage. Meanwhile, the presence of functioning filtering blebs may affect the choice and outcome of refractive surgery, or even becomes a contraindication of surgery. Steroids are typically used after keratorefractive surgery, which could lead to IOP elevation. Hence it is important to monitor IOP after LASIK and to be aware of inaccurate IOP readings due to corneal flap interface fluid. Treating patients with postoperative elevated IOP after keratorefractive surgery is similar to that for patients with glaucoma. This review will address the issues surrounding the safety, relevant complications and implications of keratorefractive surgeries on glaucoma and relevant diagnostic tests.

OBJECTIVERadial corrective osteotomy is an established but challenging treatment for distal radial malunion. There is an ongoing discussion about whether an opening or closing-wedge osteotomy between should employed. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively compare the clinical and radio graphic results between conventional opening-wedge osteotomy and closing-wedge technique.

METHODSFrom January 2004 and December 2012,42 patients with extra-articular distal radial malunion were managed with corrective osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of one year. Twenty-two patients (5 males and 17 females, ranging in age from 25 to 75 years old) were managed with radial opening-wedge osteotomy and implanting of interpositional bone graft or bone-graft substitute, and twenty patients (4 males and 16 females, ranging in age from 19 to 79 years) were managed with simultaneous radial closing-wedge and ulnar shortening osteotomy without bone graft. The selection of the surgical procedure was determined by the surgeon. Each patient was evaluated on the basis of objective radio graphic measurements, and functional outcomes were determined on the basis of clinical examinations, including range of wrist motion, grip strength, pain-rating score, Mayo wrist score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score.

RESULTSThe mean duration of follow-up was 36 months (ranged, 12 to 101 months) for the opening-wedge cohort and 28 months (ranged, 12 to 87 months) for the closing-wedge cohort. The two techniques were comparable in terms of complications. Post-operative volar tilt and ulnar variance were improved significantly in each cohort. The ulnar variance was more frequently restored to within defined criteria (22.5 to 0.5 mm) in the closing-wedge cohort than that in the opening-wedge cohort. The post-operative mean extension-flexion are of the wrist and Mayo wrist score were significantly better in the closing-wedge cohort. Differences in the pronation-supination arc, grip strength, pain-rating score, and DASH scores between these two cohorts were not significant.

CONCLUSIONThe closing wedge osteotomy technique is an effective reconstructive procedure for the treatment of extra-articular distal radial malunion. It is significantly better than the opening-wedge osteotomy technique in terms of the restoration of ulnar variance, the extension-flexion arc of wrist motion, and the Mayo wrist score.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist Joint ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of integrin-linked kinase(ILK) in renal tubular epithelial cells and its relation to tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, Group normal control (n=10), Group diabetic without therapy(n=10) and Group diabetic with Losartan 20mg/(kg . d)(n=10). Five rats were killed in each group at the 8th and 16th week. The left kidneys were kept for HE and Masson staining to observe the pathological variations in the renal interstitium. ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells in Group diabetes gradually increased in immunohistochemistry (P<0.01); ILK was consistent with the pathological variation of renal interstitium and was positively correlated to alpha-SMA(rs=0.621, P<0.05). In comparison with the Group diabetes, the expression of ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells was apparently declined (P<0.01) in Group diabetes with Losartan. CONCLUSION Tubular epithelial myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the over-expression of ILK, between which there may be significant connections, are important events in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Losartan, a blocker of angiotension II type I receptor, which may down-regulate the expression of ILK in diabetic renal tubular epithelial cells, can restrain the procession of epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
Actins ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vimentin ; biosynthesis

AIM:To explore the potentially beneficial clinical effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) combined with photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Chinese patients with DR were divided into two groups. A joint treatment group received both the TCM ziyinliangxuesanyutang and photocoagulation, while a control group received only photocoagulation laser treatment. Visual acuity tests, visual field retinal sensitivity tests, and fundus fluorescein angiography (to measure neovascular regression) were performed. Vision was compared between the two groups 1 month, 6, and 12 months after treatment.RESULTS:Twelve months after treatment, the recovery of visual acuity (62.3% vs 43.1%, P=0.037) and retinal sensitivity \[17.0±3.7 decibels (dB) vs 14.9±3.7dB, P=0.002\] as well as neovascular regression (67.2% vs 48.3%, P=0.036) in the joint treatment group were all significantly greater than that of the control group.CONCLUSION:Compared with laser treatment alone, the joint application of TCM and photocoagulation is shown to be more effective than DR treatment method.