A trend to effective treatment of tumor by means of multidisciplinary approaches, especially the occurrence of new techniques should be noticed. Herein we try firstly to give the definition and several main sorts oftumor targeting at present. The recent researches and development of passive targeting, field-assisted targeting, and molecular targeting using nano-materials or based on nanotechnology have been emphatically described. And within this mentioned description the existing problems and the possible solving methods have been analyzed and discussed.

Objective To investigate the influence of inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) on the ratio of PaO2/FiO2(P/F) during the implementation of lung protective ventilation strategy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in order to unravel its clinical significance. Method This was a prospective study of 16 selected patients with ARDS treated with mechanical ventilation ( MV ) to get ratio of P/F in range of 100 to 200 by PEEP≥5 cmH2O and high inspired oxygen. After lung recruitment maneuvers by BiPAP with high pressure (PH) of 40 cmH2O for40 s, the MV was maintained the basic requirement for stabilizing the patients for 30 minutes. A series of FiO2 were set at fractions of 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9 and 1in random sequence, and the changes of respiratory mechanics, blood gas and hemodynamics under the different concentrations of FiO2 were analyzed by using SPSS version 13.0 software. Results ( 1 ) The ratio of P/F increased as FiO2 increased, and it's significant as FiO2 increased to 0.7 or above. As the fractions of FiO2 were set at 0.5 and 1. O, the ratios of P/F changed in 24.70% ± 23.36% respectively. ( 2 ) Of them,6 patients ( 37.5% ) treated with FiO2 set at 0.5 had the ratio of P/F ＜ 200, and the fraction of FiO2 was increased to 1.0, the P/F ＞ 200. (3) FiO2 and Qs/Qt were negatively correlated ( r = - 0.390, P = O. 027 ),the higher inspired oxygen fraction, the lower shunt. When the fractions of FiO2 were set at 0.5 and 1.0 ,there was a positive correlation between △Qs/Qt and △P/F( r = 0.82, P = 0.005 ). Conclusions The inspired oxygen fraction affects the ratio of P/F, which may be resulted from shunt and it may influence the diagnosis of ARDS.

Objective To review outcomes in randomized controlled trials comparing labetalol with other anti hypertensives/placebo/no drug for mild to moderate hypertension in pregnancy.Methods We searched PubMed,China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and VIP Database and performed a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials of labetalol for hypertension in pregnancy.Data were entered into RevMan software for analysis [relative risk (RR) and its 95％ confidence interval (CI)].Results Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis.Four trials (553 women) compared labetalol with methyldopa for mild to moderate hypertension in pregnancy.Labetalol reduced the risk of severe hypertension (RR=0.52,95％CI:0.31-0.88) and proteinuria (RR=0.57,95％CI:0.36 0.91).The incidence of preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants was similar between these two groups.Five trials (720 women) compared labetalol with placebo/no drug for mild to moderate hypertension in pregnancy.Labetalol reduced the risk of severe hypertension (RR=0.29,95％CI:0.16-0.53) and proteinuria (RR-0.73,95％CI:0.56-0.95) and showed no effect on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants.Conclusions The results support the use of labetalol for mild to moderate hypertension in pregnancy.Labetalol is more effective in treating hypertension than methyldopa.However,due to the quality of the included studies,clinical effects of labetalol need to be evaluated in high quality randomized controlled trials.

The direetion of radical treatment ( complete remission ) for type 1A diabetes is to correct immune disorder and to full repair damaged pancreatic islet cells.It includes the application of immune modulators and islet β-cell replacement therapy.Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a new promising approach for the treatment of type 1A diabetes by reconstitution of immunotolerance and promoting β-cell regeneration.The candidates for AHSCT are limited to the people with early-onset diabetes and keeping obvious residual islet β-cell function.Because of the potential mechanisms underlying the action of AHSCT is still not very clear,careful balancing of the pros and coins of A HSCT is still needed by further trials and intensive studies.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of glutamine on the nutritional metabolism and permeability of intestinal mucosa in MODS patients.Methods: The randomized and controlled study was designed.Twenty MODS patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The concentration of serum albumin,transferrin and blood sugar,L(lactulose) and M(mannitol) ratio in urine,nitrogen balance,the related complication were compared and obserwed.Results: In treatment group,the concentration of serum albumin,prealbumin and transferrin were higher than that of control group on the same time and showed significant difference(P

Berberine is an alkaloid initially isolated from some Chinese medicinal herbs,such as Rhizoma coptidis(Huanglian),preferable for its inexpensiveness and low adverse effects as a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the treatment of various infectious diseases.More and more investigations have shown that berberine has a great potential for the treatment of digestive tract diseases.This paper updates the recent discoveries in the clinical and basic studies of berberine for the treatment of digestive tract diseases.

The pro-inflammation cytokine is secreted by cells,and the function is to promote and regulate inflammatory reactions.They include IL-1,IL-6,TNF-? and IFN-?.Researchs have revealed that the levels of serum pro-inflammation cytokinemight increase notably in inflammatory bowel disease patients and they could cause the change of intestinal epithelium tight junctions.

Objective To observe the treatment and outcomes of gastric stump cancer(GSC) after subtotal gastrectomy,and to analyse the possible related factors for the development of GSC. Methods The clinical data of 693 patients with subtotal gastrectomy were retrospectively analysed.The development,treatment and outcomes of GSC were observed,and the possible factors associated with the development of GSC were analysed. Results Seventy-six cases of GSC emerged in the 693 patients with subtotal gastrectomy.Fifty-one of the 76 cases were perfomed radical operations(n=36) or palliative resection(n=15).No death was found during the perioperative period,and the median survival time was 32.7 and 14.2 months,respectively.Those 25 without surgical management died 3 to 11 months after the development of GSC.Among the 76 cases with GSC,stomach was found as the original site of ulcer in 59(22.3%,59/259),and duodenal bulb in the other 17(3.9%,17/434)(P

Objective To explore the effect of Coptis chinensis on the intestinal microflora diversity of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and further elucidate the mechanism of C. chinensis in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group (CON), model group (M), C. chinensis group (HL), and positive control group (POS), 10 in each group respectively. Type 2 diabetes mellitus model was caused by special diet fed and ip injection of STZ together. CON with M, HL, and POS was respectively given gavage volume 0.5% CMC-Na, 4.36 g/kg C. chinensis water extract and 0.097 g/kg of metformin. The body weight and blood glucose were monitored once a week separately. After four weeks of administration, the oral glucose tolerance and insulin level were measured. After four weeks of administration, the contents of rectum were collected and sequenced by a 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Results A total of 951OTU, 15 Phylum, 25 Class, 43 Order, 69 Family, 182 Genus and 357 Species were obtained. At the level of Phylum, the content of Actinobacteria in M was significantly higher than that in CON and HL (P < 0.05), while Deferribacteres was only detected in M. In M, Firmicutes, Spirochaetae, Tenericutes, and Elusimicrobia were higher than CON. Interestingly, they were all reduced after giving C. chinensis, meanwhile the abundance of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in HL were slightly higher than that in CON and M. Conclusion Actinobacteria and Deferribacteres were probably potential markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus. After administrating C. chinensis, the change of intestinal microflora diversity revealed C. chinensis could improve the intestinal microflora disorder of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; methods ; Microtomy ; methods ; Tissue Embedding