Surfactants are employed widely in household and industryial products wordwide.Everyday millions pounds surfactants and their products are dispersed into soil, water, food and human body that posing a threat to human health. The paper expatiated on the topic that the threats of surfactants on food safety with arguments as: acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, estrogenic effects, bioconcentrate and so on. At last, the article emphasized it is essential to have comprehensive study on the surfactants toxicity and influence on food safety.

Acclimatization ; Dizziness ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating biliary stent stenosis. Methods A total of 43 cases with biliary obstruction caused by biliary stent stenosis were enrolled in this study. Through percutaneous transhepatic pucturing of biliary duct, an EndoHPB catheter was placed in the stenotic site of the biliary stent, which was followed by RFA treatment. After RFA, biliary drainage catheter was reserved. The drainage catheter was removed when angiography confirmed that the stent was patent. Results Cholangiography showed that the biliary stent became patency after RFA in all patients. No procedure-related complications occurred. After RFA, the median patency time of the stenotic biliary stent in survival patients was 107 days (12-180 days). Conclusion The results of this preliminary clinical study indicate that percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation has excellent effect and safety for the treatment of biliary stent stenosis, although more reliable and randomized controlled trials are needed before its effect and safety can be further proved.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose retention enema for treating ulcerative colitis.Methods Eighty patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group with equal number.The retention enema was used in the control group and the improved retention enema was used in the observation group. Enema was done once every night,10 days as a course of treatment in both groups.The two groups were compared in terms of liquid retention time,curative effect after two courses and patients’satisfaction degree with enema.Results The liquid retention time in the intestinal lumen in the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group.The efficacy was significantly better than the control group.Patients satisfaction with enema in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The improved low-dose liquid enema is effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis for its liquid retention time in the intestines.It is effective,comfortable,convenient,and likely to be accepted by patients.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis of surgery in multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC). Methods The characteristics of prognosis of surgery in 22 MCRCC cases out of 482 cases of renal cell carcinoma were reviewed.The MCRCC cases accounted for 4.56% of the renal cell carcinoma cases with a male-to-female ratio of 2.67∶1 in the same period.The mean age of the 22 patients was 47 years (age range,32-74 years). Results Of the 22 cases,18 underwent radical nephrectomy and 4 partial nephrectomy.The diameter of the tumors ranged 1.8-11.0 cm (mean 4.8 cm).Histological examination showed that 21 cases were of clear cell carcinoma and 1 of clear cell carcinoma mixed with granular cell carcinoma.Pathological staging showed pT 1N 0M 0 in 19 cases (86.4%),pT 2N 0M 0 in 2(9.1%) and pT 3bN 0M 0 in 1(4.5%).The classification by tumor nuclear grading system showed 5 cases (23%) of G 1 and 17 (77%) of G 2.Twenty patients were followed up for 9-56 months (mean,27.6 months) and 2 were lost of follow-up.Of the 20 patients,19 survived with no evidence of cancer and 1 died of intercurrent disease (upper gastrointestinal massive hemorrhage due to hepatocirrhosis). Conclusions MCRCC represents a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma.It is usually with low grade,low stage and is found incidentally.Our results indicate that MCRCC can be cured by surgery.Regardless of tumor size,the prognosis of MCRCC is favorable.

Objective: Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH),commonly seen in various critical surgical cases,may lead to body ischemia and reperfusion damage and result in serious inflammatory response.Previous studies were concentrated mostly on the risk of IAH,but less on IAH-induced reperfusion damage.The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of IAH on the intestine.Methods: A total of 120 Sprague-Daley rats were divided into an abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS) group,with intra-abdominal pressure(IAP) increased to 20 mmHg,an ACS/decompression(ACS/DE) group,with increased IAP followed by decompression,and two control groups,with IAP unchanged.Malondialdehyde(MDA),myeloperoxidase(MPO),glutathione(GSH) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) enzyme of the intestine were measured.Additionally,ileal tissues were taken for histopathological examinations and apoptosis detection;the liver,spleen,and mesenteric lymph nodes were obtained for microbiological analysis.Results: In the presence of IAH,MDA and MPO were increased,while GSH and GSH-Px were decreased.Microbiological analysis suggested bacterial translocation across the gut.Morphological examinations indicated that Chiu's score and apoptotic index in the ACS/DE group were the highest in the four groups.Conclusion: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the intestinal damage and bacterial translocation in abdominal compartment syndrome.Additionally,the influence of oxygen free radicals occurs mainly during the reperfusion rather than the IAH period.

Objective To estimate the application of ultrasound measurement of detrusor wall thickness (DWT) in the assessment of curative effect after operation. Methods Detrusor thickness was measured by linear ultrasound (7. 5 MHz) either at a filling volume of 50% of cystometric capacity or at 250 ml filling in 86 patients, who were diagnosed equivocal BOO, during a pressure-flow study. All patients accepted transurethral resection of the prostate. At 3 months post-surgery, the patients were divided into two groups according to curative effect after operation. The volume of the prostate, age and DWT were compared between the two groups. Results There was no difference in either age or volume of the prostate between the two groups. DWT was significantly higher (P＜0.01) in the more curative effect group (37 cases, DWT 2. 5±0.3 mm) compared to the less curative effect group (49 cases, 2.2±0. 3 mm). As a predictor of curative effect, DWT of 2. 8 mm or greater had a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 62%, specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 19%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) revealed that DWT had a high predictive value for curative effect post-surgery with an AUC of 0. 84±0. 04. Conclusions In patients with equivocal BOO, ultrasonographically assessed detrusor thickness may have a predictive value for curative effect post-surgery. However, this cutoff value needs to be validated in a larger study population.

BACKGROUND:The metastatic potential of hepatocelular carcinoma cels is key factor influencing patient’s prognosis. To observe the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on metastasis of hepatocelular carcinoma is of great significance for improving the lifetime of hepatocelular carcinoma patients. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biological effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on hepatocelular carcinoma cels with different metastatic potentials. METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and hepatocelular carcinoma cel suspension with high and low metastatic potentials were respectively injected into the Transwel chamber, and after 36 hours of co-culture, ELISA method was used to detect the absorbance value as wel as cel counting method was used to observe the changes in the invasion ability of hepatocelular carcinoma cels. The effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on the proliferation of hepatocelular carcinoma cel suspension with high and low metastatic potentials were determined using cel counting kit-8. PCR method was adopted to measure the expression of osteopontin, bone specific sialoproteins, integration (alpha V), transforming growth factor beta 1 and programmed cel death protein 5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The number of migrated hepatocelular carcinoma cels was significantly lower in the co-culture group than the single culture group, and based on the semi-quantitative detection of invasion ability, the absorbance value of the co-culture group was significantly lower than that in the single culture group (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of osteopontin and bone specific sialoproteins was significantly decreased in the co-culture group with high metastatic potential (P < 0.05), but there was no change in the expression of integration (alpha V) (P> 0.05). In the co-culture group with low metastatic potential, the expression of osteopontin, bone specific sialoproteins, and integration (alpha V) were declined remarkably (P < 0.05). (3) Results from the semi-quantitative detection of proliferation ability showed that the absorbance value of the co-culture group was significantly higher than that of the single culture group (P < 0.05). (4) In the co-culture group with high metastatic potential, the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 was up-regulated significantly (P< 0.05), but the expression of programmed cel death protein 5 showed no changes (P > 0.05). However, in the co-culture group with low metastatic potential, the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and programmed cel death protein 5 was both increased dramaticaly (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels reduce the invasion ability of hepatocelular carcinoma cels, and enhance their ability of proliferation.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations and the prognosis of Chinese sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Methods VHL gene mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing in 74 paired specimens of sporadic CCRCC and normal kidney. The mutation findings, pathologic fea-tures and prognostic characteristics were analyzed. Results Fifty-one patients (68.9%) were in clinical stage T1, 9 patients (12.2%) were in T2 and 14 patients (18.9%) were in T3. In the aspect of pathological grade, 15 patients (20.3%) were in G1, 50 patients (67.6%) were in G2 and 9 pa-tients (12.2%) were in G3. VHL gene mutations were detected in 40 of 74 cases (54.1%). There were no significant differences of VHL gene mutations in different pathological grade and clinical stage of CCRCC, P=0.915, P=0.237, respectively. All patients were followed up for 34 to 107 months (mean 71 months). Seven patients died of CCRCC. Another 11 patients developed CCRCC related me-tastasis. Five-year tumor-free survival was 78%. The incidence of death or metastasis of CCRCC in VHL gene mutation group (15.0%, 6/40) was significant lower than non-mutation group (35.3%,12/34), P=0.043. Logistic regression results showed that lower tumor pathological grade and stage, better patients' prognosis would be (P=0.016, P=0.024, respectively). However, VHL gene muta-tion was related with better prognosis (P=0.033). This association was stronger among patients with high grade tumors (G3, P=0.048). Conclusions There are frequent VHL gene mutations in spo-radic Chinese CCRCC. Tumors' pathological grade and clinical stage are the important parameters for prognosis. However, VHL mutations are strongly associated with better cancer specific survival for CCRCC patients. These associations are relatively stronger in patients with high grade tumors.

BACKGROUND: Negative pressure of limbs is a convenient, safe and unwound way to treat peripheral arterial occlusion and to relieve pain.Prostaglandin E1 can directly rellax vascular smooth muscles and relieve pain on nerve.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of negative pressure of limbs immunologic reaction positive nerve fiber of prostaglandin E1 in sensory nerve fiber of central nervous system of dogs with peripheral arterial occlusion.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animalstudy.SETTING: Tumor Center of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, the Third General Surgery of Xijing Hospital affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory of Xijing Hospital affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2003 to May 2004. A total of 17 healthy adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into three groups: treatment group (n=10),non-treatment group (n=5) and normal control group (n=2), according to randomly digital table.METHODS: Ischemic models of left hindlimb were established in treatment group and non-treatment group. Fourteen days later, dogs in treatment group were given negative pressure (-12kPa) treatment for 15 minutes. The negative pressure was done once a day for 10 successive days.However, negative pressure was not done in non-treatment group. Animals were not interfered in normal control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-four days later, dogs in each group were anesthetized and sacrificed. L1-L5 spinal cord and ganglia of dorsal root were selected and stained with immunohistochemical method to detect average giay value of immunologic reaction positive nerve fiber of prostaglandin E 1.RESULTS: A total of 17 dogs were involved in the final analysis. Average gray values of immunologic reaction positive nerve fiber of prostaglandin E1 in spinal cord were 75.23±4.3 in non-treatment group, 43.22±3.7 in treatment group and 22.00±5.8 in normal control group; average gray values of immunologic reaction positive nerve fiber of prostaglandin E1 in ganglia of dorsal root were 67.12±2.3, 40.08±3.8, 27.64±2.7, respectively.There was no significant difference among the three groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: After onset of peripheral arterial occlusion, amount of immunologic reaction positive nerve fiber of prostaglandin E1 in spinal cord and ganglia of dorsal root of distal limbs is increased remarkably, and this may be a kink of auto-protective mechanism of organism. Negative pressure can relieve pain of limbs and decrease damaged-stimulated transmission of peripheral arterial occlusion.