The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; rehabilitation ; Humans

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

In recent years, damage control is well established as a potentially life-saving procedure in a few selected critically injured patients. The "damage control" concept also has been shown to increase overall survival and is likely to modify the management of critically ill patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. In these patients the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy acts as a vicious cycle that often can not be interrupted and marks the limit of the patient's ability to cope with the physiological consequences of traditional and extensive surgical procedures. The principles of damage control are to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection until the physiologic derangement has been restored and the patient could undergo a prolonged operation for definitive repair. This approach is unfolded in three phases. During the initial operation, the surgeon carries out only the absolute minimum necessary to improve patient's condition and to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection. The second phase consists of secondary resuscitation in the intensive care unit, characterized by maximization of hemodynamics, correction of coagulopathy, rewarming, and complete ventilatory support. During the third phase, definitive operation is performed.
Acidosis ; therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Perioperative Care

This review addresses the association of "Chinese Journal of Biotechnology" and the development of biotechnology in China in the past 30 years. Topics include relevant awards and industrialization, development of the biotechnology discipline, and well know scientists in biotechnology, as well as perspectives on the journal.
Biotechnology ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic ; history

In addition to the operation technique and procedure selection, the dysfunction of important organs such as heart, lung, kidney and liver plays an important role in restricting the recovery of patients and the prognosis of gastrointestinal surgery. For patients complicated by one or more organs dysfunction after operation, who have no response to conventional therapies, extracorporeal life support/replacement should be used as early as possible. The extracorporeal organ support provides more time for rescue, and relieves injured organs to "rest" and accelerates recovery, which improves the survival of critically ill patients who suffered after gastrointestinal surgery. Nowadays, the safety and efficiency of the extracorporeal life support/replacement, including heart, lung, kidney, liver and intestine, are developing quickly, and easy to achieve, however, limitations still exist. With the development of nanotechnology and bioartificial membranes, an open and total extracorporeal life support system, which can simultaneously supports heart, lung, kidney, liver, intestine and brain, will be produced in the future, further improving the survival of critically ill patients.
Critical Illness ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Life Support Care

Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; classification ; therapy

This study tried to investigate the change in the glomerular filtration rate in initiation of a low-protein diet (LPD) in the elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy, and to elucidate whether this initial phenomenon is reversible or irreversible. 24 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with renal failure patients were randomized to LPDⅠgroup (0.6g *kg-1*24h-1), LPDⅡgroup (0.8g*kg-1*24h-1), and NPD group for four weeks (phaseⅠ). Between weeks 4 and 8, all patients received NPS (phaseⅡ). Dietary protein intake (g*kg-1*24h-1), SCr, Ccr, albuminuria excretion rate and arterial blood pressure were measured at baseline and after four- and eight-weeks of follow-up, respectively. During phaseⅠ, a significant decline in dietary protein intake, Ccr, Scr, and albuminuria excretion rate were observed in the LPDⅠgroup and LPDⅡgroup. There was not any change in the NPD group. Conversely, during phase Ⅱ, with a significant increase in dietary protein intake, Ccr, Scr and albuminuria excretion rate increased in LPDⅠ group and LPD Ⅱ group compared with the NPD group. It suggested that dietary protein restriction for four weeks induces a reversible decline in GFR, Scr and albuminuria excretion rate in noinsulin-dependent diabetic nephropathy patients with renal failure, whereas systemic blood pressure remains unchanged.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can induce intra-abdominal hypertension, which has an adverse effect on the function of urinary, circulatory, digestive and neurological system, and finally leads to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) if patients were not timely treated. This article focuses on the close relationship between SAP and ACS, which included the definition, classification, pathogenesis of ACS and its pathophysiologic effects on other important organs. The different types and indications of surgical interventions of ACS were discussed in detail. For SAP patients complicated with ACS, urgent open abdomen is important to decrease the abdominal pressure and to prevent the incidence of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Complications after open abdomen, such as intestine fistula,abdominal sepsis, intestinal dysfunction and abdominal deficit,should be managed prudently.

0.05),however,adverse reactions in trial group were obviously less than those in control group.CONCLUSION:CG is effecacious and safe in the treatment of CHB and other damage of liver and its clinical efficacy is better than that of DG.