Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process in embryonic development and tumori-genesis. In this process, epithelial tumor cells can obtain mesenchymal phenotypes and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. EMT is controlled by multiple transcription factors, signal pathways, and microRNAs. EMT and cancer stem cells are closely related. EMT also promotes the self-renewal ability of tumor cells and the overexpression of EMT-related markers in tumor cells with stemness. Some mi-croRNAs can control EMT process and stemness. In this study, recent developments on EMT and cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis were summarized to provide new insights into target therapy of tumor metastasis and recurrence.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of proteins that mediate multi-drug resistance (MDR) via ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps. Abnormally expression and function would result in tumor MDR. That is the most important mechanism of MDR. The inhibition of ABC transporters as a strategy to reverse MDR in cancer has been studied extensively. In this review, we reviewed the structure and function of ABC transporters, and focused on the research advances in the mechanism of tumors MDR mediated by ABC transporters and the development of their modulators and reversal strategies.

Objective To observe and evaluate the effect of ultrasound guided percutaneous ethanol injection for hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure. Methods Fifty-three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in Nanjing General Hospital Military Command from January 2011 to May 2013 were treated by percutaneous ethanol injection. The echogenicity, size and blood supply of parathyroid glands were observed by color Doppler ultrasound before and after treatment. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and volumes of parathyroid glands were analyzed and compared with non-paired t test. Results Before treatment, the parathyroid gland volume was (5.28±0.84) cm3. The enlarged parathyroid glands had homogeneous hypoechogenicity and abundant blood supply, and the PTH was (1041.6±37.1) ng/L. After treatment, the size of solitary parathyroid gland was (3.93±0.67) cm3 which did not change significantly compared with that before treatment. The echogenicity of parathyroid glands enhanced and blood supply decreased after injection ethanol into solitary parathyroid. PTH [(509.2±27.6) ng/L] decreased obviously (t=3.792, P < 0.05). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound guided percutaneous injection of ethanol has an important role in the treating of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the curative effect can be observed timely.

To compare the adjuvant therapeutic effect of silicone oil and ointment applied to the lacrimal laser angioplasty.METHODS: Totally, 134 eyes of 102 cases who were diagnosed as lacrimal duct obstruction ( except chronic dacryocystitis) were divided into two groups. Sixty eyes were performed laser plastic operation and silicone oil filling. Seventy - four eyes were adopted laser plastic operation with cloth enzyme dexamethasone eye ointment filling. All patients were followed up for 3 ~ 15mo. The clinical effect and the number of irrigation of two groups were compared 3mo after treatment, and to assess the merits of the method.RESULTS: The efficiency of the silicone oil group was 87% and that of the eye ointment group was 84%. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05). The number of lacrimal duct flushing of the silicone oil group was 7. 20±1. 22 times among postoperative 3mo, and that of the eye ointment group was 7. 96 ± 1. 79 times. The number of lacrimal duct exploration through of the silicone oil group was 0. 62 ± 0. 87 times, that of the eye ointment group was 1. 43 ± 1. 48 times. There was statistically significant differences compared between the two groups (both P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The effect of laser plastic operation and silicone oil filling treating obstructive diseases of lacrimal duct is similar to laser plastic operation with cloth enzyme dexamethasone eye ointment, but the postoperative care of the former is more simple. Patients can significantly reduce the frequency of lacrimal duct flushing and lacrimal duct exploration through.

Objective To explore the cognitive function,feature of P 300 event-related potentials and the relationship of them in children with epilepsy.Methods Auditory P 300 was measured by oddball paradigm and intelligence quotient was tested by WSIC-RC in 38 children with epilepsy.Results 1. The rates of FIQ less than normal IQ were 65.8 %, impaired intelligence 28.9 % in patient group. 2.The latencies and the amplitudes of P 300 were significantly delayed and decreased respectively in both patient groups (P

It is very frequent that patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) suffer a severe pain from the bone cutting and soft tissue balance procedures postoperatively .In addition , pain control is the key point of the rehabilitation after surgery . Therefore, establishing an effective method to decrease the pain should be considered as a priority .Femoral nerve block (FNB), as a common and effective peripheral nerve block after TKA , affects the strength of quadriceps femoris and the postoperative recovery . Adductor canal block (ACB), targeting at the saphenous nerve , is proved to be as effective as FNB in pain control , and has less influence on the quadriceps strength .However , considering about the short time following up , the expansion of local anesthesia drug and few reports in China , the application of ACB in TKA needs further study .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relative bioavailability of two products(CLMC 1 ,CLMC 2 )of Clarithromycin in man.METHODS:A single oral500mg dose of CLMC 1 or CLMC 2 was given to20healthy male volunteers in an open randomized crossover study.The plasma concentrations of CLMC 1 and CLMC 2 were measured by microbial assay.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with3p97pharmacokinetic program and the bioequivalence was evaluated.RESULTS:The con?centration-time curves of CLMC 1 and CLMC 2 fitted to a two-compartent open model.C max were(2.23?0.83)?g/ml and(2.14?0.70)?g/ml;T max were(1.95?0.39)h,(1.78?0.41)h;AUC (0～T) were(9.50?2.52)(?g?h)/ml,(9.35?2.54)(?g?h)/ml respectively.The relative bioavailability of CLMC 1 was(101.60?9.35)%.CONCLUSION:The results of two and one-side t tests suggest that the CLMC 1 is bioequivalent with the CLMC 2 .

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling plus tuina in treating senile functional constipation. ＜br> Methods: Ninety elderly patients with functional constipation were randomized into two groups. Forty-six patients in the treatment group were intervened by warm needling plus tuina; the other forty-four patients in the control group were intervened bySan Huang tablet. ＜br> Results: In the treatment group, 19 patients were cured, 24 cases showed improvement, 3 cases failed, and the total effective rate was 93.5%; in the control group, 16 patients were cured, 18 cases showed improvement, 10 cases failed, and the total effective rate was 77.3%. There was a significant difference in comparing the therapeutic efficacy (P＜0.05), and the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group. ＜br> Conclusion: Warm needling plus tuina can produce a higher therapeutic efficacy than takingSan Huang tablet in treating senile functional constipation.

OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension,and find out the measures of prevention and control. METHODS The discharged patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 underwent retrospective investigation and analysis for the sites and reasons and the results of bacterial culture. RESULTS The incidence of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension was 55.55%.Major infection factors correlated with neurogenic pulmonary edema, irritable hyperglycemia,bulbar paralysis,etc.The Gram-nagative bacteria were predominant among the pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The infections are interrelated with many factors.Abiding by the principle of using antibiotic and the strict aseptic manipulation may reduce the occurrence of the infection,but treating the primary affection and the comprehensive therapy are important measures for reducing infection.

[Objective]To investigate the regular pattern of references quoted in theses of Orthopedic Journal of China from year 2005 to 2006,and to study the characteristics and experiences of reference quoting in Chinese orthopedic academic sphere.[Method]Forty-eight issues of Orthopedic Journal of China from year 2005 to 2006 were downloaded from the website www.chinajournal.net.cn.There were 466 theses about clinical research.All references in these theses were collected as origin of data.Excel software was applied to analyze all references.[Result]References were found in all 466 papers with the reference rate of 100%.The average reference amount in each thesis was 7.15(3 334/466).A total of 3110 references were from journals(93.28%)and 214 references were from monographs(6.42%).The Price Index reached 52.13%.And the number of self-quoted references reached 614 with the rate of self-quoting of 18.42%(614/3 334).References from Chinese and foreign journals with the first 20 highest being-quoting rates were collected,and it reached 56.12% of all references.[Conclusion]The content of references in Orthopedic Journal of China ranges widely.The main quoting origin is from journals.The mainly-quoted language is English,and references from other languages are rarely quoted.Most references showed new and original ideas.