Objective To discuss whether the separating block of sensory nerve with acupoint-injection and epidural analgesia by ropivacaine during labour.Methods Ninty full term primigravidae with ASAⅠ～Ⅱwere randomly divided into 3 groups:group E(n = 30),group C(n = 30)and group A(n = 30).When the external cervi- cal os was dilated to 3cm,group A:acupiont-injection to Ci Liao;group E:epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropiva- caine and fentanyel 2?g/ml;group C:combining group A and group E except fentanyel 2?g/ml.Level of pain(VAS scores),degree of sensory and motor block,the mode of delivery,the progress of labour and side effects were recorded and compared.Results The level of pain(VAS scores)in group A was higher than that of group C and group E,and there were no significant differences in group C and group E,Bur there were some side effects discovered in group E. There was no significant differences of the mode of delivery in the groups.Conclusion The method that acupoint- rejection combined with epidural analgesia by 0.075% ropivacaine is effective and has no side effects for labour.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Ginkgo biloba ; Glutathione ; analysis ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo establish a hepatolenticular degeneration rat model with excessive copper, and investigate the effects of excessive copper deposits in the liver on hepatocyte apoptosis and Bax and Bcl-2 expression.

METHODSRat model of hepatolenticular degeneration was established by administering forages containing 1g/kg of copper sulfate and drinking water containing 0.185% copper sulfate. Copper level in the liver and serum and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in serum were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis. Bax and Bcl-2 expression was observed by RT-PCR and imunohistochemistry staining. Quantification of positive cells was performed by image analyzer.

RESULTSWith more prolonged excessive copper ingestion, copper level in the liver and serum as well as ALT level in serum rose, and more apoptosis cells appeared in the liver. Bax and Bcl-2 expression increased significantly compared with controls fed a normal diet and progressively increased with more prolonged excessive copper ingestion. The progressively increased extent of Bcl-2 expression was lower than that of Bax expression, so the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased with increasing excessive copper ingestion time.

CONCLUSIONSExcessive copper deposits in the liver can induce hepatocyte apoptosis through an up-regulation of Bax expression.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Copper ; toxicity ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis ; genetics

AIMTo record funny currents (If) of ventricular myocytes and to analysize hyperpolarization-activated cation channel(HCN) expression in the rats of different ages.

METHODSFresh ventricular myocytes were isolated from 3 days rats and adult rats.HCN expressions were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR). It was recorded through whole-cell patch clamp.

RESULTSHCN1, HCN2, HCN3, HCN4 mRNA represented 0.23% +/- 0.01%, 83.58% +/- 0.04%, 0.79% +/- 0.01%, 15.44% +/- 0.01% of total HCN mRNA in the neonatal rats, respectively. If was recorded and the threshold for activation was -75 mV. In the adult rat, HCN1, HCN2, HCN3, HCN4 mRNA represented 0.72% +/- 0.02%, 91.58% +/- 0.08%, 0.27% +/- 0.02%, 7.12% +/- 0.02% of total HCN mRNA. The ratio of HCN2 to HCN4 was approximately (13.06 +/- 0.21):1. The threshold for activation of If was approximately -115 mV in the adult rats.

CONCLUSIONWith the development of rats, the value of If is smaller. The threshold for activation of If is more negative. The ratio of HCN2 to HCN4 is bigger.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; metabolism ; physiology ; Heart Ventricles ; cytology ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of regional lymph nodes targetting with enrichment of radioactive 99mTc-polyphase liposome of 5-fluorouracil (99mTc-FL, FL).

METHODS18 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 rabbits per group. All rabbits were injected hypodermally with of 99mTc-FL in the right and left big toe webs, 18.5 MBq each side. The post-injection interval was 3 h in group 1, 6 h in group 2, and 8 h in group 3. The radioactivity was examined in the resected local lymph nodes, non-draining lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, intestines, and in blood and urine.

RESULTSThe radioactive isotope uptake percentage (%) was 2.32 +/- 0.75 in group 1, 5.37 +/- 1.73 in group 2, 8.61 +/- 1.89 in group 3. The radioactive isotope uptake percentage (%) per gram in local lymph nodes was significantly different between each two groups among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). The ratios of x of regional lymph nodes/non-draining lymph nodes, regional lymph nodes/blood, regional lymph nodes/urine, regional lymph nodes/liver, regional lymph nodes/spleen, regional lymph nodes/kidney, regional lymph nodes/heart, regional lymph nodes/lung, regional lymph nodes/intestine in group 1 were 232.00, 16.57, 23.20, 29.00, 19.33, 25.78, 46.40, 46.40 and 25.78, respectively. The ratios in group 2 were 89.50, 41.31, 18.52, 67.13, 41.31, 25.57, 134.25, 59.67 and 59.67, respectively. The ratios in group 3 were 86.10, 61.50, 16.56, 53.81, 57.40, 10.01, 107.63, 107.63 and 86.10, respectively. The differences of radioactive isotope uptake percentage were statistically significant (P < 0.01) between regional lymph nodes and other organs, i. e. non-draining lymph nodes, blood, urine, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung and intestine per gram in each group.

CONCLUSIONThe radioactive 99mTc-FL may slowly flow into regional lymphatic chains rather than directly enter blood circulation. So 99mTc-FL can be highly accumulated in the local lymph nodes. This regional lymph nodes targetting with enrichment of radioactive 99mTc-FL evidently indicates the feasibility of regional lymph system chemotherapy for pulmonary malignancies.

Animals ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Heart ; diagnostic imaging ; Intestines ; diagnostic imaging ; Kidney ; diagnostic imaging ; Liposomes ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Rabbits ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Random Allocation ; Spleen ; diagnostic imaging

BACKGROUNDDeltaDNMT3B (a new DNMT3B subfamily) expression is initiated through a novel promoter. We identified at least 7 transcription variants of deltaDNMT3B as a result of alternative pre-mRNA processing. The aim of this study was to detect the expression pattern of deltaDNMT3B variants in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the role of deltaDNMT3B variants in regulating the promoter-specific DNA methylation.

METHODSSpecific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets were designed to distinguish individual deltaDNMT3B variants according to their splicing patterns. The expressions of seven deltaDNMT3B variants were measured in 13 cell lines, 109 NSCLC patients, and the corresponding normal lung tissues using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The status of the p16 and RASSF1A promoter methylations in the tumors was detected using a methylation specific PCR (MSP). The relationships of the expression patterns of the deltaDNMT3B variants were analyzed by observing the status of p16 and RASSF1A promoter methylations in the tumors. The siRNA and the anti-sense oligo-dioxynucleotide specifically targeting the junction of exon 5 and 7 of deltaDNMT3B were designed and transfected by lipofectmane 2000 into H1299 and H358 cell lines. RASSF1A promoter methylation from cells treated by siRNA-deltaDNMT3B4/2 was detected using MSP and Bisulfite sequencing, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of DNMT3B and ADNMT3B. Cell growth and cell cycle distribution were measured by applying real-time cell growth analysis and flowcytometry, respectively.

RESULTSADNMT3B variants, not DNMT3B, were the predominant transcripts in both NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors. The expression of deltaDNMT3B4 strongly correlated to the promoter methylation status of RASSF1A in a primary NSCLC. The knockdown of deltaDNMT3B4/2 by RNA-interference or anti-sense approaches resulted in a complete demethylation of RASSF1A promoter with the reactivation of a RASSF1A gene expression in less than 12 hours, but no effect resulted from the p16(INK4a) promoter in the NSCLC cell lines.

CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate an important role of deltaDNMT3B4/2 in the maintenance of promoter-specific DNA methylation in a cell type specific manner and provide a novel cell model for the study of the regulation of replication-independent DNA methylation.

Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics

BACKGROUNDOptimizing treatment outcomes for depression requires understanding of how evidence-based treatments are utilized in clinical practice. Antipsychotic medications concurrent with antidepressant treatment are frequently used in major depression, but few studies have investigated trends and patterns of their use over time. This study aimed to examine the prescription patterns of antipsychotic medications for major depression in China from 2002 to 2012 and their association with treatment satisfaction and quality of life (QOL).

METHODSA total of 3655 subjects with major depression treated in 45 Chinese psychiatric hospitals/centers nationwide were interviewed between 2002 and 2012. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics including psychopathology, medication side effects, satisfaction with treatment and QOL were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection.

RESULTSThe frequency of antipsychotic use was 24.9% in the whole sample; the corresponding figures were 17.1%, 20.3%, and 32.8% in 2002, 2006, and 2012, respectively (χ2 = 90.3, df = 2, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that patients on concurrent antipsychotics had significantly more delusions or hallucinations, longer illness duration, greater side effects, and more likely to be treated as inpatients and in major hospitals (i.e., Level-III hospital). Antipsychotic use was associated with lower treatment satisfaction while there was no significant difference with respect to physical and mental QOL between the antipsychotic and nonantipsychotic groups.

CONCLUSIONSConcurrent antipsychotic use was found in about one in four treated depressed patients in China, which has increased over a 10-year period. Considering the association of drug-induced side effects and the lack of patients' and relatives' satisfaction with antipsychotic treatment, further examination of the rationale and appropriateness of the use of antipsychotics in depression is needed.

Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personal Satisfaction ; Psychotropic Drugs ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life