Alexander the Great was a world-class leader with tremendous courage. He paid no heed to the dangers of the battlefield, so he was always in the front lines. However, his excessive courage put his life in danger. Herein, we present an analysis of the information contained in the chronicles about a very severe, life-threatening thoracic trauma that nearly killed the great stratelates. The detailed descriptions made by Arrianus allow us to conclude that Alexander the Great experienced a nearly fatal case of tension pneumothorax. Information on how he was managed is also presented.
Courage ; Pneumothorax

Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein stenosis/occlusion is one of its rare complications. Herein, the case of a 50-year-old man with hemoptysis and migratory pulmonary infiltrations after transcatheter radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation is presented. Initially, pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary disease, or lung cancer was suspected, but wedge resection revealed hemorrhagic infiltrations. Chest computed tomography pulmonary angiography detected no left superior pulmonary vein due to its total occlusion, and left upper lobectomy was performed. Post-ablation pulmonary vein occlusion must be strongly suspected in cases of migratory pulmonary infiltrations and/or hemoptysis.
Angiography ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Catheter Ablation* ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lung Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Veins* ; Thorax ; Venous Thrombosis