The standard vision test using Snellen acuity is not always an accurate indicat or of functional vision loss. Acuity measures optical blur, but psudophakic eyes frequently do not affect optical blur. Therefore, acuity cannot provide relevant informations on the loss of vision experienced by the patients. Contrast sensitivity, not acuity, has been shown to be effective in determining functional vision loss due to psudophakic eyes. The MCT 8000(R), glare and contrast sensitivity system. was used for measurement of contrast sensitivity in 19 pseudophakic eyes at postoperative 1 month, 18 pseudophakic eyes at post-operative 3 months and 18 normal control eyes. The results were as follows: 1) Contrast sensitivity decreased in pseudophakic eyes compared to normal eyes in four different conditions; day vision, day vision with perpheral glare, night vision and night vision with central glare. 2) In pseudophakic eyes, contrast sensitivity was not different between 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Glare ; Humans ; Night Vision ; Pseudophakia ; Vision Tests

Contrast sensitivity was measured by MCT 8000(R)(Vistech Consultant INC, U.S.A.) in two groups: 23 strabismic amblyopes and 10 anisometropic amblyopes. In general, the amblyopic eyes exhibited a statistically significant loss of contrast sensitivty in both day and night vision. When visual acuity was equated between groups, the anisometropic group had a greater loss of contrast sensitivity at the high spatiaI frequencies and the strabismic group exchibited a similar loss of contrast at all spatial frequencies. Test-retest correlations(average 0.76) were statistically significant, which demonstrated that the test using MCT 8000(R) was reliable.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Consultants ; Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humans ; Night Vision ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We evaluate the clinical outcomes after wavefront-guided (WFG) Epi-LASIK in mild and moderate myopia . METHODS: The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, total high order aberrations, contrast sensitivity for day and night vision, and pain score in 114 eyes of 61 patients who had undergone WFG Epi-LASIK were measured preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: At 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months postoperatively, UCVA & BCVA had improved significantly. At 1 month postoperatively, the spherical equivalent was -0.93+/-0.74 and showed a stable pattern at 6 months postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in total high-order aberration between preoperatively measurements and measurements taken at 6 months postoperative (p=0.745). At a frequency of 19 cpd, night contrast sensitivity showed significant statistical difference (p=0.010) but no difference at low and medium frequencies between preoperative measurements and postoperative six months measurements. Pain subsided at 2 weeks postoperative. All patients maintained clear cornea and suffered no complications. CONCLUSIONS: At 6 months postoperatively, patients who underwent Wavefront-guided Epi-LASIK showed successful results for the correction of moderate myopia and excellent contrast sensitivity at night time. Wavefront-guided Epi-LASIK may solve the visual quality problem after refractive surgery and, therefore, may be clinically useful.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Cornea ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Myopia ; Night Vision ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare pupil size measured by Colvard(R)pupillometer, ORBScan II(R), Sirius(R) and analyze correlation between pupil size and night vision disturbance after refractive surgery according to measuring methods. METHODS: Two hundred eyes of one hundred patients who underwent refractive surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Pupil size was measured with Colvard(R)pupillometer, Sirius(R) in the scotopic light condition and with ORBScan II(R), Sirius(R) in the photopic light condition. Patients filled out questionnaire about night vision disturbance at postoperative three months. Correlation between pupil size according to measuring methods and night vision disturbance was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patient was 26 years and number of male patients was 36. In scotopic light condition, pupil size measured with Colvard(R)pupillometer (6.76 mm) was significantly larger than that of Sirius(R) (6.53 mm) (p < 0.001). In photopic light condition, pupil size measured with ORBScan II(R) (3.98 mm) was significantly smaller than that of Sirius(R) (4.41 mm) (p < 0.001). Night vision disturbance were correlated with pupil size and Sirius(R) in the scotopic light condition had strongest correlation among three measuring method (r = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Sirius(R) tends to measure pupil size smaller than Colvard(R)pupillometer in the scotopic light condition. The correlation between night vision disturbance and pupil size was highest in Sirius(R).
Eye ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Night Vision ; Pupil ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

We analyzed the results of 5.0mm and 6.0mm ablation diameter in excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy using the same excimer laser (Aesculap-Meditec, MEL 60, Germany) In 5.0mm ablation diameter group, forty one eyes of thirty five patients were operated from March 1994 to February 1995 and in 6.0mm ablation diameter group, thirty eyes of twenty three patients were operated from July 1995 to December 1995. All were followed for at least 6 months and analyzed by retrospective method. Refractive change, naked visual acuity, corneal haze and night vision difficulties were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. In eyes treated with 6.0mm ablation diameter, the initial hyperopic shift was reduced with significant differences at 1 and 3 months (p<.01). In measurements of naked visual acuity and corneal haze, the results of 6.0mm zone were better than 5.0mm zone but the differences did not reach the statistical significance (p>.05). The subjective symptoms of night vision difficulty were significantly lower in the 6.0mm treatment group at 1 and 3 months (p=0. 0067, p=0.02). In conclusion, treatment with 6.0mm ablation diameter made less initial hyperopic shift and reduction of side effects in comparison with 5.0mm ablation diameter.
Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia ; Night Vision ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of Congenital stationary night blindness associated with myopia. METHODS: A 19-year-old male with night blindness was referred to our hospital. We studied patient's family history, refraction, color vision test, fundus examination, electroretinogram and visual field. RESULTS: Both fundi showed temporal conus and myopic change. Both visual field revealed generalized depression. The light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram showed a normal a wave with extremely reduced b wave, resulting in a typical "negative" wave form.
Color Vision ; Conus Snail ; Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia* ; Night Blindness* ; Visual Fields ; Young Adult

This study investigates the characteristics and clinical outcomes of different types of extended depth-of-focus and multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) to determine which IOL can increase patient satisfaction. Modern cataract surgery has undergone tremendous evolution in terms of IOL quality. Recently, different types of presbyopia-correcting IOLs have become commercially available. Among them, multifocal IOLs are the most frequently used. Multifocal IOLs are different from conventional monofocal IOLs because these have multiple focus, which enable patients to see both distant and near objects at the same time. Multifocal IOLs can be classified as either refractive or diffractive IOLs. Diffractive multifocal IOLs include traditional bifocal lenses and relatively new trifocal lenses, and are the most widely used multifocal IOLs owing to their good clinical performance. Trifocal IOLs have an advantage over bifocal IOLs in terms of intermediate visual acuity, but can cause decreased contrast sensitivity and night vision disturbances. Recently developed extended depth-of-focus IOLs are different from traditional multifocal IOLs in that these extend the focus, resulting in smooth continuous focus. It also has the benefit of better contrast sensitivity and improved visual quality over multifocal IOLs; however, is relatively weak in terms of near visual acuity.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Night Vision ; Patient Satisfaction ; Presbyopia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study investigates both the current situation and future trends in the field of refractive surgery in Korea. METHODS: Members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (KSCRS) have been annually surveyed regarding cataract and refractive surgery since 1995. The 2004 annual survey, which consisted of 58 multiple-choice questions, was mailed in May 2004 to 322 KSCRS members; fifty-four (16.8%) members responded. Data from the 2004 survey was compared with that of previous annual surveys and similar studies from the USA. RESULTS: The respondents indicated that patients in their forties accounted for the highest percentage (57%) of subjects, and LASIK accounted for the highest percentage (82%) of refractive surgeries. Degeneration of corrected vision, night halo, and glare accounted for a high proportion of the complications arising after refractive surgery. LASIK was the preferred method for treating myopia less than -12 diopters, while phakic IOL was preferred for myopia more than -12 diopters. Lastly, more respondents indicated that they had experienced legal problems associated with PRK or LASIK than the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK remains the refractive surgery procedure of choice, although wavefront-guided ablation is gaining in popularity. Approximately half of the respondents indicated they used MMC in their refractive surgeries.
Cataract ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Glare ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Korea* ; Myopia ; Night Vision ; Postal Service ; Refractive Surgical Procedures*

PURPOSE: To investigate long-term satisfaction and quality of life after myopic laser refractive surgery. METHODS: This study included 231 myopic patients who underwent laser refractive surgery (LASIK, LASEK or PRK) at least five years prior, between 2002 and 2005, at 5 hospitals. Using a telephone survey, patients were asked to subjectively answer 26 questions regarding satisfaction, quality of life changes, and visual symptoms. RESULTS: The mean patient satisfaction score was 8.12 (scale of 1 to 10). Improvement in quality of life was reported by 91% of the subjects. Intention to have surgery again was reported by 87.9% of the subjects and intention to recommend refractive surgery to a friend or family was reported by 80.5% of the subjects. The most common discomfort symptoms after myopic laser refractive surgery were dry eye symptoms (57.1%), followed by night vision disturbances (54.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term satisfaction and quality of life were shown to be positive in patients treated with myopic refractive surgery.
Eye ; Friends ; Humans ; Intention ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Night Vision ; Patient Satisfaction ; Quality of Life ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Telephone

We retrospectively evaluated clinial results of 13 eyes of 8 patients who underwent lensectomy and 11 eyes of 7 patients who underwent LASIK(laser assisted in sity keratomileusis) for correction of high myopia. Clinical outcomes of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, postoperative refraction, and contrast sensitivity were evaluated. Subjective tests concerning glare, night halos, or decrement of night vision were also performed in each group. Postoperative uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were not significantly different between two groups. Predicatability was significantly higher in lensectomy group than that of LASIK group. Mean contrast sensitivity value of highest frequency(20 cpd) in LASIK group was significantly lower than that in lensectomy group. Subjective glare or night hlaos occurred more in LASIK group. During follow-up, visual loss with 2 lines or more was noted in 2 eyes due to postoperative complications in lensectomy group. No complication occurred in LASIK group. LASIK has been considered reasonably predictable and safe method for correction of high myopia. But our data suggest that lensectomy may give better quality of vision postoperatively compared to LASIK for high myopia. If prophylactic treatments which are aimed to prevention of postoperative complications are carried out prior to lensectomy, lensectomy is a reasonable refractive surgical potion especially for middle-aged patients with high myopia.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glare ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia* ; Night Vision ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity