No abstract available.
Animals ; Enalapril* ; Nicardipine* ; Nitroprusside* ; Rats* ; Skin*

The antihypertensive effect and side reactions of perdipine was studied in 22 cases of essential hypertension using 20mg 3 times daily regimen for average period of 5 weeks. 1) Average reduction of 20mmHg in systolic and 17mmhg in diastolic pressure was observed and percentile reduction was 11.90% and 14.92%, respectively. The overall effect rate was 81.82%. The blood pressure lowered significantly after 2 weeks of treatment both in systolic and diastolic pressure. 2) There was no significant change in heart rates before and after treatment. 3) No specific side reaction was observed except 1 case in which discontinued the medication because of severe headache and fatigability on the 1st day of medication.
Blood Pressure ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Nicardipine*

The effect of nicardipine was investigated on hypertension due to raised intracranial pressure, pressor response of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in the dissected thoracic aorta. Intracerebroventricular(icv) and intravenous(iv) nicardipine produced dose-dependent depressor response and bradycardiac effect, especially marked response was observed following iv injection. The pressor response to raised intracranial pressures was potentiated following iv injection of 50 microgram/kg nicardipine but was markedly inhibited following iv 100 microgram/kg injection, and was not affected following icv 50 microgram/kg administration but was markedly inhibited following icv administration of 100-200 microgram/kg nicardipine. The nicardipine inhibited contractile effect of KCI 35 mM in a dose-dependent fashion but did not affect that of Ne and ME. These data suggest that nicardipine caused hypotensive effect by blocking calcium influx in the peripheral vessels and that direct effect of nicardipine on central nervous system involves the hypotensive action. Conclusively, the inhibitory effect of nicardipine on the pressor response to the intracranial pressure elevation may be induced by these two mechanisms.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Calcium ; Central Nervous System ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Nicardipine*

The antihypertensive effect of nicardipine was studied in 31 cases of essential hypertension and following results were obtained. 1) Daily dose was 30-60mg for 10 weeks. 2) Mean systolic and diastolic pressure were decreased by 39.5mmHg 921%) and 17.2mmHg(15%) respectively(P<0.005) and in 84% of cases, good or fair control of blood pressure was proved. 3) There was no significant change in heart rates before and after treatment. 4) There were no significant side effects except two cases of mild headache and facial flushing which subsided spontaneously.
Blood Pressure ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Nicardipine*

Pheochromocytoma stems from the chromaffin cell and mostly is located in the adrenal medulla. It is an important cause of secondary hypertension due to correction of hypertension by a resection of the tumor. Because it produces and secretes catecholamine, it bothers anesthesiologists with excessive hypertension, tachycardia and arrhythmia during the anesthetic period. Therefore, anesthetic management is directed to avoid these conditions. We report a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma successfully managed intraoperatively with an infusion of nicardipine and an intermittent esmolol injection.
Adrenal Medulla ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Chromaffin Cells ; Hypertension ; Nicardipine* ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Tachycardia

Nicardipine is a potent coronary and systemic vasodilator without depression of ventricular function. We investigated the changes in local myocardial perfusion (LMP) according to the nicardipine administration after coronary reperfusion in a beating canine model. A Doppler probe was placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and thermal diffusion microprobe was implanted in the myocardium perfused by the exposed LAD. To define the nicardipine effects, we compared the two groups (control group, n=7 vs nicardipine group, n=7). In nicardipine group, 5 microgram/kg/min nicardipine was infused continuously. After the release of the LAD occlusion, LAD blood flow were increased compared to the baseline of both groups. However, there was no difference between groups in the LAD blood flow. The LMP after LAD reperfusion did not recover to the baseline level until 30 min after LAD reperfusion in control group (74%, 52% and 70% at 10, 20 and 30 min after LAD reperfusion, respectively). In nicardipine group, however, the LMP recovered to the baseline level at 20 min (99%), and increased more than the baseline level at 30 min (141%) after LAD reperfusion. Our findings suggest that the nicardipine augments the LMP following the release of a coronary occlusion.
Animals ; Coronary Circulation/drug effects* ; Dogs ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Myocardial Reperfusion* ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control* ; Nicardipine/pharmacology* ; Nicardipine/therapeutic use ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology* ; Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: Laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation and the suspension laryngoscopy often provoke an undesirable increase in blood pressure and/or heart rate during laryngeal microscopic surgery. Thus, the anesthesiologist's objectives are to maintain sufficient anesthetic depth and to promote rapid awakening. Nicardipine, a direct arterial dilator, can be used to attenuate increasing blood pressure. We investigated the effects of nicardipine on changes of blood pressure and heart rate during laryngeal microscopic surgery. METHODS: Eighty patients of ASA class 1 or 2 scheduled for laryngeal microscopic surgery were randomly allocated into 4 groups. For anesthetic induction, IV propofol 1.5 mg/kg, rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg, and glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg were administered followed by mask ventilation for 5 minutes with isoflurane. One minute before tracheal intubation and suspension laryngoscopy saline, nicardipine 10, 20, or 30microgram/kg was injected in each group. Thereafter we measured blood pressure and heart rate one minute after each procedure. RESULTS: Increases in blood pressure were blunted in the nicardipine 20 and 30microgram/kg group. In the nicardipine 30microgram/kg group, heart rates were significantly increased and facial flushing was observed in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that nicardipine 20microgram/kg can alleviate blood pressure increases with little effect on heart rate during laryngeal microscopic surgery. However, although nicardipine 30microgram/kg could blunt blood pressure increases, it produces tachycardia and perhaps overdose.
Blood Pressure* ; Flushing ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Laryngoscopy ; Masks ; Nicardipine* ; Propofol ; Tachycardia ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Pneumoperitoneum for a gynecologic laparoscopic surgery induces hemodynamic changes. We evaluated the effects of nicardipine on induction, maintenance, and recovery. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (placebo group, n = 15), group N (nicardipine group, 10 microgram/kg followed by 0.5-2.0 microgram/kg/min). The systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured at preinduction, induction, intubation and 5, 10, 15, 20 min after insufflation. Loss of consciousness, induction dose, effective site concentration, propofol maintenance dose (the maintenance dose of propofol from intubation to end of anesthesia, PMD) were also measured. Propofol was titrated to maintain a bispectal index value of 40-60. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in PMD between two groups. The PMD of group N was significantaly less than group C. Nicardipine adminstration attenuated increase in the blood pressure, but did not affect on heart rates during CO2 insufflation. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of nicardipine was effective in attenuating the hemodynamic changes after pneumoperitoneum during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery, without changes of induction and recovery.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Intubation ; Laparoscopy* ; Nicardipine* ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Propofol ; Unconsciousness

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The combination of daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) has demonstrated a high sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) and a low rate of adverse events in previous clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the results of treatment and side effects in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype Ib infection. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from chronic HCV genotype Ib patients treated with DCV+ASV from August 2015 to September 2016 at five hospitals in the Daejeon-Chungcheong area. RESULTS: A total of 152 patients were examined for resistance associated variants (RAVs). Among them, 15 (9.9%) were positive for Y93 and one (0.7%) was positive for L31. Of 126 patients treated with DCV+ASV, 83 patients completed treatment and 76 patients were included in safety and efficacy analysis. Five (6.6%) were positive for Y93 and 12 (15.8%) exhibited cirrhotic change. DCV+ASV was the first-line treatment for 58 (76.3%) patients. Eleven (14.5%) patients relapsed after previous treatment that included interferon and seven (9.2%) of these patients were found to be intolerant of interferon. Adverse events occurred in 10 (13.2%) patients and two patients stopped the medication because of severe itching and skin rash. SVR12 was 89.5% (68/76) in all patients and 91.5% (65/71) in RAV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: DCV+ASV showed good efficacy in patients with HCV Ib infection in Korea. Close monitoring is needed for severe adverse events and treatment failure, which were uncommon.
Exanthema ; Genotype* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Interferons ; Korea ; Nicardipine ; Pruritus ; Retrospective Studies* ; Treatment Failure

The antihypertensive effect and side reactions of nicardipine were observed in 30 cases of essential hypertension, and following results were obtained. 1) Nicardipine has very good antihypertensive effect. After medication alone or combined with atenolol, both systolic and diastolic pressure dropped significantly. 2) The overall effectiveness was 86%. 3) Postural hypotension was not observed. 4) The heart rate was not changed after medication of nicardipine. 5) The side efect was observed in 5 cases such as headache, facial flushing, dizziness and anorexia, but 3 cases were tolerable to continue medication.
Anorexia ; Atenolol ; Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Nicardipine*