OBJECTIVESTo detect the expression of Cathepsin B (CatB) in the intracranial aneurysm wall and its effect to the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, aimed at clarifying the pathological formation mechanism of intracranial aneurysm.

METHODSFrom November 2006 to February 2009, 20 intracranial aneurysm samples were collected as the experimental group, and 6 cases of normal pallium artery samples were collected as the control group. Immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate the expressions of CatB, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and Caspase-3. The expression of CatB mRNA was evaluated by real-time PCR. The ultrastructure of intracranial aneurysms were observed by using the transmission electronic microscope.

RESULTSCompared with the normal pallium artery specimens, the expression of CatB and Caspase-3 both significantly increased in the intracranial aneurysm walls where alpha-SMA decreased (P < 0.05). The mean expression of CatB mRNA in intracranial aneurysm samples was about 3.8-folds than that in control group (P < 0.01). There were excessive apoptotic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the tunica median, and typical apoptotic body were observed in some aneurysm walls.

CONCLUSIONCathepsin B may be involved in the formation and the progression of intracranial aneurysm.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Cathepsin B ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESIn order to investigate the relationship among the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), hepatitis B e antigen and HBV DNA, the expression levels of TLR2 on peripheral blood monocytes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients as well as on their monocytes stimulated by ligand of TLR2 (Pam3CSK4) and HBeAg were analyzed.

METHODSSixty-eight adults with CHB were enrolled, including 37 HBeAg-positive patients, 17 HBeAg-negative and HBV DNA negative patients, and 14 HBeAg-negative and HBV DNA positive patients. Sixteen healthy volunteers were also studied as controls. TLR2 expression levels on their peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with Pam3CSK4 or not stimulated were analyzed by FACS Caliber. The relationship of the expression levels of TLR2, HBeAg and HBV DNA were also analyzed. The level of TLR2 on peripheral blood monocytes of healthy volunteers and HBeAg-negative CHB patients stimulated by HBeAg was examined for six hours.

RESULTSThe TLR2 expression levels on CD14+ cells were significantly reduced in HBeAg-positive patients (47.57%+/-21.40 %) compared to both healthy volunteers (76.51%+/-7.46%) and HBeAg-negative patients (HBV DNA positive group 73.2%+/-14.2%, HBV DNA negative group 75.2%+/-11.3%); but there was no difference between those of the HBeAg-negative patients and the healthy volunteers. Expression levels of TLR2 on monocytes stimulated by TLR2 ligand in HBeAg-positive patients were obviously increased, and reached the basic levels of the healthy volunteers and the HBeAg-negative patients. The expression levels of TLR2 on monocytes stimulated by HBeAg of the healthy volunteers and the HBeAg-negative patients were markedly reduced.

CONCLUSIONSIn the presence of HBeAg, HBV down-regulates the expressions of TLR2 on CD14+ cells from peripheral blood, and there is no correlation between HBV-DNA and TLR2. Pam3CSK4 can boost the TLR2 expression in HBeAg-positive patients. The proposed interaction between HBV and TLR2 may provide an important clue to explain the reasons of the establishment of persistent HBV infection.

Case-Control Studies ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; metabolism ; Monocytes ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; metabolism