Endoscopes ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Rhinoplasty ; Surgical Flaps

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Blindness ; etiology ; Embolism ; Endoscopy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Artery ; physiopathology ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; complications ; etiology

Tissue engineering composites for bone defect treatment is currently a hot spot of the research field.Mechanical loading on tissue engineering composites is important to bone formation and related research has attracted more and more attention.In the field of tissue engineering research,the establishment of a standardized animal model is the basis of experimental research for exploring the effects of different mechanical loading on in situ repair of bone defect and its action mechanism.This paper reviews the approaches used to establish experimental model of bone defect under mechanical loading such as animal selection,defect preparation,fixation and loading mode in order to provide a reference for related research.

OBJECTIVETo review the effects of optic nerve decompression by endoscopic technique in traumatic optic neuropathy.

METHODSSeventy-two patients (73 eyes) with traumatic optic neuropathy which were treated with large dose of glucocorticoid but inefficacious were undergone endoscopic optic nerve decompression. The days from injury to surgery were 1-57 d. Among that, < or = 3 d 15 cases, 4-7 d 37 cases, 8-10 d 9 cases, 11-15 d 5 cases, 16-30 d 5 cases, >30 d 1 cases. The vision of pro-operation: with light perception or higher grades 18 eyes; with no light perception 55 eyes.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for more than 3 months. Fourty-six of 73 eyes had improvements in visual acuity, the total effective rate was 63.01%. Thirty-one of 55 eyes with no light perception had raises in visual acuity (56.36%). Fifteen of 18 eyes with light perception or higher grades had improvements (83.33%). No complication had happened.

CONCLUSIONSEndoscopic optic nerve decompression is an appropriate technique for patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Even though the patient has injured in longer time and high-dose steroid treatment has failed, optic nerve decompression may improve visual acuity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; surgery ; Optic Nerve ; surgery ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish the animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy similar to clinical feature by injuring the optic nerve of the pipeline through the ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. The electrophysiology and morphology were observed.

METHODSThe optic nerve in 2 cats was anatomically observed. Thirty healthy adult cats were divided into 1 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 w, 2 w, 4 w injury groups. The right eye was selected as the experiment eye, and the left as the control. The optic canals were damaged by the injury instrument. The changes of optic nerve were observed using light and electron microscope. The pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PR-VEP) was used to determine the succeed model and pupil was monitored. PR-VEP and neural tissue morphology were examined at intervals of 1 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 w, 2 w, 4 w after trauma.

RESULTSEight cats had Marcus-Gunn's pupil, and 22 cats did not have after injury. Neural tissue was physaliphorous degeneration in light microscope. The neural fibers swelled gradually and fibers physaliphorous degeneration in the first day after damage. At the seventh day, the bubble enlarged to be a big flat. After two weeks, the big flat bubble came out to be a bigger bubble. Under the electronic microscope, axons were physaliphorous degeneration, crack emerged between axon membrane and myelin sheath and myelin sheath were loose in the first day. At the third day, axon swelled, physaliphorous degeneration rose and myelin sheath were loose obviously. At the seventh day, axon and myelin sheath appeared loop in half cycle and bubble-like broke up. A lot of pieces came out and axon became physaliphorous and uniform. Microtubule and microfilament disappeared. After two weeks, myelin sheath became onion-like. On fourth week, myelin sheaths enlarged and squeezed to center. Axoplasm disappeared and neural tissues collapsed.

CONCLUSIONSThis animal model was similar to clinical optic nerve decompression through ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. The change of PR-VEP and neuromorphology were distinct before and after trauma. The pathological changes of optic nerve catching vibrated injury are mainly degeneration, so earlier decompression of optic nerve may improve the visual function.

Animals ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Optic Nerve ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology

Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Uvula ; surgery

Spinal microglia and astrocytes play an important role in mediating behavioral hypersensitive state following peripheral nerve injury. However, little is known about the expression patterns of activated microglia and astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of microglial and astrocytic activation in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments of spinal dorsal horn following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve. The hind paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of wild type (WT), CX3CR1(YFP) and GFAP(YFP) transgenic mice to mechanical stimulation was determined by von Frey test. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the spatial distribution of microglial and astrocytic activation in the spinal dorsal horn. Following CCI, all the WT, CX3CR1(YFP) and GFAP(YFP) mice developed robust allodynia in the ipsilateral paw on day 3 after CCI, and the allodynia was observed to last for 14 days. In comparison with sham groups, the PWTs of CCI group animals were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, n = 6). On day 14 after CCI, CX3CR1(YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence intensity was significantly increased in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn of the CX3CR1(YFP) mice (P < 0.01, n = 6), but no detectable changes were observed in other spinal segments. Increased GFAP(YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence intensity was observed in the ipsilateral thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments of the GFAP(YFP) mice on day 14 after CCI. Iba-1 and GFAP immunofluorescence staining in WT mice showed the same result of microglia and astrocyte activation on day 14 after CCI. CX3CR1(YFP)-GFP and GFAP(YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence signal was colocalized with microglial marker Iba-1 and astrocytic marker GFAP, respectively. Interestingly, on day 3 after CCI, Iba-1-immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the ipsilateral thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments of WT mice, whereas the significant upregulation of GFAP-immunoreactivity restrictedly occurred in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal segment. These results suggest that microglial and astrocytic activation may be involved in the development and maintenance of secondary allodynia in mice with neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hyperalgesia ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia ; physiology ; Neuralgia ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Sciatic Nerve ; injuries ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; cytology ; Up-Regulation

Based on the Chinese medicines with topical administration in umbilical region approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), this paper would comb and analyze their dosage forms, varieties and clinical applications. On the other hand, through consulting literature materials, the research progress was reviewed and the main challenges faced by the medicines were discussed in detail as well. This paper elaborates that the preparations with topical administration in umbilical region, as an important branch in Chinese medicine external therapy, have unique advantages. However, there are still some problems such as rough workmanship, lacking internationally accepted quality control standards, scarcity of pharmacological and clinical evidences and biopharmaceutical researches. Meanwhile, proper measures and suggestions are put forward.

BACKGROUNDAlthough heart transplantation has become a standard therapy for end-stage heart disease, there are few published studies regarding the use of transplant organs from marginal donors. Here we describe the clinical outcome we have obtained using marginal donor hearts.

METHODSWe analyzed 21 cases of orthotopic heart transplantation for end-stage heart disease performed in our department between September 2008 and July 2010. Of these patients, six received hearts from marginal donors and the remainder received standard-donor hearts. The two groups were compared in terms of both mortality and the incidence of perioperative complications such as infection, acute rejection, and right heart insufficiency.

RESULTSThe 1-year survival rate of both groups was 100%. Only one death was recorded in standard-donor group during follow-up. Patients who received marginal donor hearts (83%) experienced more early complications than did the standard-donor-heart group (13%), but the mortality of the two groups was the same. The duration of post-ICU stay was greater in the marginal donor group than in the standard-donor group, (35.5 ± 17.4) days and (21.7 ± 2.6) days, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe use of marginal donor hearts increases the number of patients who can receive and benefit from transplants. However, it may introduce an increased risk of early complications, thus care should be taken both in the choice of patients who will receive marginal donor hearts and in the perioperative treatment of those for whom the procedure is performed.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Tissue Donors