ATM: To investigate the relationship between the oculus dominans and the eye with higher diopter among myopes, and to study the difference between the Worth 4 dot test and hole-in-the-card test.
METHODS: Totally 125 cases were divided into two groups as physiogenic anisometropic group and pathological anisomitropic group according to the degree of binoculus anisometropy. Worth 4 dot test and hole-in-the-card test were used to distinguish oculus dominans respectively based on medical optometry.
RESULTS: In physiogenic anisometropic group, the oculus dominans and the eye with higher diopter among myopes had significant relationship by hole-in-the-card test (Z = -4. 057, P<0. 01) and Worth 4 dot test (Z=-3. 558, P<0. 01). However, in pathological group, No statistical significance was between two tests (P>0. 05); distinguish the oculus dominans had no statistically significant difference between the Worth 4 dot test and hole-in-the-card test (n=125, P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:The oculus dominans is determined by gene or formed during juvenile period, then myopia anisometropic may affect the choice of that. The Worth 4 dot test has some reference significance for observing oculus dominans.

AlM: To investigate the refractive status of the preschool children in Xiantao, Hubei Province in order to find out the abnormal refraction error beyond the physiological range.
METHODS: ln this cross - sectional study, we investigated preschool children in kindergartens and the scattered ones were 12 716 ( 25 432 eyes ) ranging from 6mo ~ 6 years old. 1 581 children ( 3 162 eyes ) were diagnosed ametropia by Suresight refractive screening instrument, which were confirmed again after mydriasis optometry.
RESULTS: The incidence rate of ametropia in preschool children in Xiantao was 12. 4%, and statistics showed no significant difference between boys and girls (P>0. 05), but had differences of morbility rate among each age group (P<0. 05). With age increasing morbility rate of the refractive error decreased. The simple hyperopia and the compound hyperopia astigmatism were dominant in all refraction error. Professional ophthalmologists diagnosed amblyopia in 261 children (522 eyes), which was 16. 5%, among 1581 abnormal refractive children (3 162 eyes) screened out by Suresight refractive screening instrument.
CONCLUSlON: The incidence rate of ametropia decreases with age increasing in the preschool children from 6mo~6 years old, which imply preschool children should have mydriasis optometry in order to find out amblyopia and other congenital eye disease.

Objective To apply the problem-based learning (PBL) based on the web in the rehabilitation therapy teaching. Methods The 64 students of rehabilitation therapy in grade 2009 and 2010 were taught with selected 3 chapters of physiology, using traditional teaching and PBL based on the web respectively. They were investigated through questionnaire after learning. Results Compared with he traditional teaching, PBL based on the web could improve the interesting of learning, self-study ability, and scope of knowledge. Conclusion PBL based on the web could improve the quality of physiology teaching for students of rehabilitation therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety in patients with decompensative hepatic cirrhosis treated with Lamivudine. METHODS: Eighteen decompensative hepatic cirrhosis (B) (active phage) patients accompanied with hypeersplenism were treated with Lamivudine 100mg po. per day. The total course of treatment was 3 months to 6 months when HBVDNA became negative and HBeAg seroconversion occurred in these patients after Lamivudine treatment. The efficacy and safety in patients were evaluated as follows: HBVDNA were negative, HBeAg seroconversion occurred and hepatic cirrhosis child-stageing changed. The efficacy and safety between treated group and contrast group were compared during treatment with Lamifudine for 1 year and follow-up foe 1 year after completing treatment. RESULTS: The total efficacy of treated group was 27.7% and 71.43% respectively during the phase II trial and the safety was good in these patients. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of Lamivudine are good while it is used in non-registered adaptation of decompensative hepatic cirrhosis with hypersplenism.

Objective To investigate the application of antimicrobial agents in a tertiary first-class hospital before and after implementing special rectification activity on clinical antimicrobial use.Methods Data about antimicrobial use in a hospital in Sichuan Province between January 2011 and December 2013 were collected and analyzed retro-spectively,data included antimicrobial varieties,the ratio of antimicrobial prescription in outpatient department to emergency department,percentage of antimicrobial application expense in the total hospitalization expense,antimi-crobial use rate and use density,antimicrobial use rate and use density of special use antimicrobial agents,microbial detection for patients receiving restricted and special antimicrobials.Results Before implementing rectification of an-timicrobial use,there were 88 kinds of antimicrobial agents in hospital,after implementing rectification,there were 50 kinds of antimicrobial agents.The ratio of antimicrobial prescription in outpatient department to emergency de-partment,and the percentage of antimicrobial expense in the total hospitalization expense were both lower than be-fore rectification (both P <0.05 ).Antimicrobial use rate and antimicrobial use rate of special use antimicrobial agents before and after rectification were all statistically different(all P <0.05).Compared with before rectification, microbial detection rate of specimens from patients receiving restricted and special use antimicrobial agents improved significantly (both P <0.05 ).Perioperative antimicrobial prophylactic use rate in patients with class Ⅰincisional operation after rectification was lower than before rectification,while percentage of antimicrobials used 30 min-2 h before operation was higher than before rectification (both P <0.05).Conclusion After three year special rectifica-
tion,antimicrobial use become more rational,but management still needs further and continuous improvement.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Flurbiprofen ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; Midazolam ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Molar, Third ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Patient Satisfaction ; Preoperative Care ; Prospective Studies ; Tooth Extraction ; Young Adult

To study whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) reduces neuronal apoptosis through inhibiting over-expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in nucleus induced by brain ischemia/reperfusion in rats, 48 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, saline and EPO groups. Animal models of brain ischemia/reperfusion were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The effects of EPO on the sizes of ischemia tissue were observed by TTC staining. The over-expression of GAPDH in nucleus was detected by Hoechst-33258 and anti-GAPDH antibody double staining. The neuronal apoptosis in penumbral was detected by Nissl's staining and Hoechst-33258 immunofluorescence, respectively. The results showed that rhEPO treatment (3 000 U/kg, three times daily, i.p.) apparently reduced the sizes of infarct brain tissue in ischemia/reperfusion rats. rhEPO inhibited over-expression of GAPDH in nucleus of apoptotic neurons. In the meantime rhEPO decreased the number of apoptotic neurons in ischemia/reperfusion rats. These results suggest that rhEPO may induced reduction of neuronal apoptosis in penumbra may be through inhibiting over-expression of GAPDH in nucleus of apoptotic neurons induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Reduction of GAPDH over-expression in nucleus may play a pivotal role in EPO inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats, providing experimental evidence for EPO neuro-protecting effects against ischemia/reperfusion.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; enzymology ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating) ; metabolism ; Humans ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology

This paper introduced the implementing process, characteristics and effects of the web research learning of physiology. Research learning based on Web promoted reform of physiology teaching, enhanced ability of self-study, integration and innovative of students

OBJECTIVETo observe the distribution of HBV variants resistant to lamivudine and their relation to clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis.

METHODSUsing direct sequencing, YMDD (tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate) variants in patients with chronic HBV were detected before and during treatment with lamivudine. A statistical analysis of the distribution of HBV strains resistant to lamivudine was performed.

RESULTFour variant strains existed in patients before lamivudine treatment, 128 variant resistant strains were noted after 6 mouths of lamivudine treatment including 42 YVDD (valine) variants, 20 YIDD (isoleusine) variants and 66 non-YMDD variants. According to the hepatitis severity, 8 patients were mild, 108 moderate and 12 severe. Viral loading was higher and clinical types were more severe in no-YMDD variants.

CONCLUSIONVariant strains including strains resistant to lamivudine exist naturally before lamivudine treatment, but lamivudine-resistant ones become more dominant after treatment. Liver inflammation is more severe in non-YMDD group.

Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine therapy.

METHODSThe disease relapsed in 14 hepatitis B patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis during lamivudine treatment due to the YMDD motif mutation. All 14 patients had positive HVBDNA and active hepatitis, and were evaluated as Child-Pugh Score C (CPS-C). The patients were treated with lamivudine 50 mg/d and adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg/d for 6 months.

RESULTSOne patient signed off due to non-hypoxemic hyperlactacidemia; other 13 patients showed decreased serum HBVDNA. All patients had serum HBVDNA < or =10(5) copies/ml and 7 patients had HBVDNA < or =10(4) copies/ml. Six patients regained normal serum ALT level and Child-Pugh scores decreased in all patients.

CONCLUSIONAdefovir dipivoxil has satisfied efficacy and safety in treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine treatment.

Adenine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Motifs ; genetics ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; drug therapy ; genetics ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Organophosphonates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; genetics ; Recurrence ; Reverse Transcription ; genetics