Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Disorders ; drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo summarize the pharmacological function of oleanolic acid.

METHODBased on the documents and related achievements, the pharmacological function and its mechanism including its clinical use were summed up.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONOleanolic Acid is a natural chemical which has wide-ranging function and abundant source. But we should place the emphasis on improving its biotic utilization and effect on clinical treatment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Oleanolic Acid ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

AIM:To investigate the characteristics of Ets-1 and VEGF expression and distribution in the experimental diabetic rat retina.METHODS:Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).At 4 weeks after STZ-injection,animals were sacrificed.Total proteins were isolated from retinas of experimental and control eyes and were assessed by Western blot analysis.Frozen cross sections of eyeballs with 14um thickness were used to perform double immunoffuorescence staining with anti-Ets-1 and anti-VEGF antibodies.RESULTS:Both Ets-1 and VEGF expression were up-regulaled in the diabetic retina,the distribution of Ets-1 and VEGF was identical to each other,and the two proteins were almostlocalized in all retinal layers.CONCLUSION:Ets-1 might contribute to the pathologic progress of the diabetic retina induced by VEGF.

AIM: To determine the involvement of Ets-1 in the pathological progress of the experimental diabetic retina. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Total RNA and Total proteins were isolated from retinas of experimental and control eyes at 4 weeks after STZ-injection and were assessed by Northern blot analysis and Western blot analysis, respectively.RESULTS: Expression of both Ets-1 mRNA and Ets-1 protein was significantly increased in the experimental diabetic rat's retina after STZ-injection compared with the control group (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that Ets-1 was involved in the pathological progress of experimental diabetic retina.Further studies should be conducted to focus on the relationship between Ets-1 and VEGF in the diabetic retina.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the root and rhizome of Rheum rhizastachyum.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20P separately and their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral technology.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified as chrysophanol, emodin, gallic acid, sucrose, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-chrysophanols, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-emodin.

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Emodin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gallic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in the root of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz..

METHODThe constituents were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTFive compounds, medicarpin (I), 3-hydroxy-9-methoxycoumestan (II), 3, 9-dihydroxycoumestan (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (V) were obtained.

CONCLUSIONCompounds II, III, V were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pterocarpans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

0.05).However,the shorter the history of the disease,the better the efficacy of the treatment.The younger the patient was,the better the efficacy of the treatment.Conclusions Vulva dystrophy can be treated with focused ultrasound effectively and safely.This approach appears to be a new promising treatment method.

0.05).Conclusion GH improves FAH of children with GHD.Height at the initiation of puberty is the most significant determining factor for the long-term efficacy.Hence,it is important that the diagnosis should be made and treatment be initiated as early as possible to afford children with GHD the opportunity to make up much of their height deficit before puberty.Adequate dosage of GH should be used for the children taking initial treatment at puberty to attain satisfactory FAH.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cytotoxicity of bromoxynil on SH-SY5Y cells and its effect on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and I kappa B alpha (IκBα) in SH-SY5Y cells.

METHODSSH-SY5Y cells were exposed to bromoxynil (10, 50, or 100 µmol/L) for 24 and 48 h, and other SH-SY5Y cells, which were used as a control, were exposed only to dimethyl sulfoxide. After 24 and 48 h of exposure, the morphological changes of these cells were observed under an inverted microscope, and the cytotoxicity of bromoxynil was measured by MTT assay. The cellular proliferation was examined by cell counting after 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. After 24 h of exposure, the expression of NF-κB was evaluated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry, and the expression of IκBα was evaluated by Western blot.

RESULTSThe cellular proliferation inhibition rates (CPIRs) of 50 and 100 µmol/L groups were significantly higher than that of the control group after 24 and 48 h of exposure (P < 0.05); the CPIR was significantly higher after 48 h than after 24 h in the two groups (P < 0.05). The growth curve revealed that these groups began to show differences in cell count at the 24th of exposure and that the differences were even more marked as the exposure went on (F = 17.15, P < 0.05). The control group had a significantly increased cell count at the 48th, 72nd, and 96th h of exposure (P < 0.05); the 10 and 50 µmol/L groups had a significantly increased cell count at the 72nd and 96th h of exposure (P < 0.05); the 100 µmol/L group showed no significant change in cell count during 96h of exposure. The 50 and 100 µmol/L groups hada significantly longer cell doubling time than the control group (P < 0.05). The immunocytochemistry showed that as the dose of bromoxynil increased, the brownish yellow particles in the cytoplasm and nuclei became darker, the expression of NF-κB was upregulated, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was increased. The Western blot showed that the 100 µmol/L group had significantly higher expression of NF-κB in the nuclei than the control group (P < 0.05) and that the 50 and 100 µmol/L groups had significantly lower expression of IκBα in total proteins than the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBromoxynil can inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells under this experimental condition, which may be related to activation of NF-κB.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitriles ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in urban and suburb areas in Beijing and to explore their differences between these two areas.

METHODSData of SARS cases were collected from daily notification of China Ministry of Health and a database of infectious diseases was established by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control (BCDC). All the data were put into dataset files by Microsoft Excel-2000 and analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software.

RESULTSThe respective urban incidence and mortality rate were 29.06 and 2.21 per 100,000, while the case fatality rate was 7.62%. In contrast, the respective suburb incidence and mortality rate were 10.61 and 0.78 per 100,000, and the case fatality rate was 7.32%. No significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the urban and suburb areas.

CONCLUSIONBeijing urban area suffered a more serious SARS epidemic than the suburb area in 2003.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Female ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Suburban Population ; Urban Population