Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been considered as frontline therapy for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) based on the increased rate of response and prolonged progression-free survival compared with conventional chemotherapy.In the recent years,the favorable results shown by newdrug-based multidrug inductions,consolidations,and long-term maintenance approaches have challenged the role of ASCT.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has shown to be a potentially curative treatment for MM.However,the effectiveness of high-dose conditioning with conventional allo-HSCT is compromised by transplant-related mortality (TRM).Nonmyeloablative transplantation has showed reduced TRM and promising graft-versus-myeloma effects,but rates of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease remain high.This article provides an overview of clinical trials and aims to define the role of stem cell transplantation in the era of novel agents.

The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) thalidomide and lenalidomide,and the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib have dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(MM).But a part of patients become refractory or intolerant to these agents.Numerous agents are currently in clinical development,including new IMiD (pomalidomide),new PI (eg,carfilzomib,MLN9708,and marizomib),histone deacetylase inhibitors (eg,panobinostat and vorinostat) and signal transduction modulators (eg,perifosine),and have demonstrated promising anti-myeloma activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM,particularly in those who are refractory to approved novel agents.This article describes antimyeloma agents currently available or in clinical development for relapsed/refractory patients.

Objective To analyze current status of research on pulmonary embolism and changes of its knowledge in domestic academic literatures.Methods Totally,2319 domestic papers on pulmonary embolism were collected by computerized retrieval from CHKD system during the period of 1994 to 2006 with a key word of"pulmonary embolism",and were classified and summarized according to their type,contents,author's affiliation.Results Number of papers on pulmonary embolism increased quickly in recent 13 years,especially in the last five years,from 25 papers in 1994 to 430 in 2006.Most of the papers in the early stage were case reports,and the number and proportion of original articles increased obviously after 1997.Contents of the papers were mainly about clinical manifestation and examinations of pulmonary embolism,but papers on its auxiliary examinations,laboratory examinations,clinical nursing care,animal experiments,and so on were all increased.Authors of the papers were from varied departments of hospitals,mainly in the department of internal medicine,especially in the departments of cardiology and respiratory diseases,followed by the divisions of medical imaging,radiation and nuclear medicine.Papers were mainly submitted by authors from affiliated hospitals of medical schools and hospitals at city-level,and papers submitted by gross-roots hospitals such as county hospital and clinic also increased.Conclusion Significant success in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism has been achieved domestically in recent 13 years,which has been recognized popularly by Chinese physicians.

BACKGROUND:At present, few studies concerned pulmonary infection after treatment of senile fracture. For special parts of senile patients, there are no studies on complications of pulmonary infection in perioperative period after hip fracture. OBJECTIVE:To study risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with senile hip fractures in perioperative period. METHODS:The data of 46 senile hip fracture patients with perioperative pulmonary infection were retrospectively analyzed. A matched case-control study was conducted in 46 senile hip fracture patients without pulmonary infection in the same hospital and the same period. The difference in perioperative various clinical indexes was compared between the two groups. Risk factors of pulmonary infection received Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Multivariate analysis screened out 14 possible perioperative pulmonary infection factors:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, diabetes mel itus, heart disease, mechanical ventilation, intraoperative bleeding amount, erythrocyte infusion, operation time, preoperative low body mass index (body mass index<18.5 kg/m2 ), serum albumin<35 g/L, electrolyte disturbance, time of entering intensive care unit and length of stay. Logistic regression analysis displayed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=23.317;95%CI:2.702-60.312;P=0.000), entering intensive care unit (OR=7.890;95%CI:2.624-76.012;P=0.008), mechanical ventilation (OR=35.210;95%CI:8.464-131.203;P=0.017) and operation time (OR=12.122;95%CI:5.154-99.098;P=0.012) were independent risk factors for perioperative pulmonary infection in patients with senile hip fracture. These data indicated that one should be alert to the possible occurrence of pulmonary infection in senile hip fracture patients with the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, entering intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of combination of autologous tissue reconstruction of tarsal plate with temporal flap on repair of full-thickness lower eyelid defect.Methods:Eleven patients (11 eyes) underwent hard palate mucosa or ear cartilage combined the emporal flap with the orbicularis oculi muscle to repair full-thickness defect ofpalpebra inferior.Of the 11 patients,6 had more than 75％ eyelid defect area,and 5 had more than 50％ eyelid defect area.Results:All 11 eyes closed completely,with no entropion or ectropion,and returned to normal basically.Postoperative follow-up was performed for 6 months to 5 years,3 years and 4 months on average.The function and form of eyelid remained stable.Infection,leakage or contracture was not found on reconstruction tarsus.Conclusion:Reconstruction of eyelid with autogenous hard palate mucosa or ear cartilage combined the emporal flap with the orbicularis oculi muscle is a simple,convenient and effective method.

Objective To investigate the application of antimicrobial agents in a tertiary first-class hospital before and after implementing special rectification activity on clinical antimicrobial use.Methods Data about antimicrobial use in a hospital in Sichuan Province between January 2011 and December 2013 were collected and analyzed retro-spectively,data included antimicrobial varieties,the ratio of antimicrobial prescription in outpatient department to emergency department,percentage of antimicrobial application expense in the total hospitalization expense,antimi-crobial use rate and use density,antimicrobial use rate and use density of special use antimicrobial agents,microbial detection for patients receiving restricted and special antimicrobials.Results Before implementing rectification of an-timicrobial use,there were 88 kinds of antimicrobial agents in hospital,after implementing rectification,there were 50 kinds of antimicrobial agents.The ratio of antimicrobial prescription in outpatient department to emergency de-partment,and the percentage of antimicrobial expense in the total hospitalization expense were both lower than be-fore rectification (both P <0.05 ).Antimicrobial use rate and antimicrobial use rate of special use antimicrobial agents before and after rectification were all statistically different(all P <0.05).Compared with before rectification, microbial detection rate of specimens from patients receiving restricted and special use antimicrobial agents improved significantly (both P <0.05 ).Perioperative antimicrobial prophylactic use rate in patients with class Ⅰincisional operation after rectification was lower than before rectification,while percentage of antimicrobials used 30 min-2 h before operation was higher than before rectification (both P <0.05).Conclusion After three year special rectifica-
tion,antimicrobial use become more rational,but management still needs further and continuous improvement.

Aim To investigate the influence of total fl avones of buckwheat flower (TFBF) on the productivity of the non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vivoand vitro. Methods TFBF in different dosages (0.1 g?kg -1?d -1,0.2 g?kg -1?d -1,0.4 g?kg -1?d -1) was taken orally by streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 12 wk. After the treatment, blood glucose, fructosamine and AGEs in plasma and kidney were measured. Meanwhile, glucose and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were incubated with TFBF at different concentrations (0.01 mg?L -1,0.05 mg?L -1,0.10 mg?L -1) respectively for 4,8,12 wk.The fluorescence intensity of glycated BSA was detected by a spectrophotometer BSA was detected spectrophotometer.Results TFBF significantly lowered the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats (P

Objective To investigate the changes of geometry and function of left ventricle (LV) and left atrium(LA) in hypertensive male patients with concentric remodeling.Methods Consecutive male patients were divided into two groups: normal control group(NC group,n=146) and concentric remodeling group(CR group,n=274).The whole patients were checked with echocardiogram.Echocardiographic parameters included: thickness of interventricular septum(IVST) and LV posterior wall(PWT),LV end-diastolic diameter(LVIDd),media-lateral diameter(LVID),LV length(LVL),LA anterior-posterior diameter,media-lateral diameter,superior-inferior diameter,LA area,LV end-diastolic volume,end-systolic volume,stoke volume,ejection fraction(EF),early diastolic peak velocity (E) and atrial contraction peak velocity(A) of the mitral valve flow.LV mean diameter(LVMD) and E/A were calculated.Student t test was used to compare the variables between the two groups.Results IVST,PWT,IVST/LVPWT ratio,LA diameters and LA area in CR group were larger than those in NC group.LVIDd was shorter and LVID was larger in CR group than in NC group.LVL in CR group was larger than that in NC group.LVMD/LVL ratio was smaller than that in NC group.There was no significant difference in LVEF between two groups while E/A ratio in CR group was smaller than that in NC group.Conclusions The concentric remodeling in hypertensive patients makes the LV a thin,long but thick-walled cavity.The LV diastolic function is impaired in CR group but the systolic function reserves well.

Objective To observe and analyze the effect of B. Adolescentis and L. Acidophilus on the proportion of Th cell Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood of UC-mice in acute stage and recovery stage. Method 40 BABL/c mice were induced by 3% DSS water for 7 clays free drinking and then with distilled water for 10 days. They were randomly allocated in 4 groups: NS group, SASP group, BF0624 group and LT0637 group, also the fifth group-10 normal animals. The blood of mice were collected by removing their eyes at day 8 and day 18, and then the mononuclear cells were iso]atecl. The proportion of Th1/Th2 was analyze through flow eytometry,hy labeling the specific antibody ot Th cellular membrane with the CD4 antibody, and the cytoplastie antigen of Thl or Th2 with IIA antibody or IF'N-γ antibody. Result The proportion of Th1/Th2 in normal mouse was 0. 84 -0. 94,and it raised up in DSS-mice at both acute stage and recovery stage. It decreased unequally after 7 or 17 days'B, adoleseentis, L. Acidophilus and SASP treatment, but that of all three groups were lower than NS group (2.21±0. 83). Even the proportion got close to the normal animals after 17 days'L. Acidophilus -treated. Conclusion The proportion of Thl/Th2 increased at the acute stage and recovery stage of DSS-mice. Both B. Adoleseentis and L. Acidophilus had more effective than SASP on decreasing the proportion of Th1/Th2 at two stages,ospecially L. Acidophilus.

Objective To analyze the relationship between categories,sum and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi and childhood bronchial asthma in Huangshi region.Methods Airborne fungi was investigated through gravitational precipitating method by placing the sample cutter at the 5th floor platform of the surgery department of the First People′s Hospital of Huangshi.Slides were exposed to the air in 24 hours with each day a new slide to be placed.This explosion of slides stayed a whole year from Feb.2007 to Feb.2008.Thus the collected data of fungi were filed,verified and then classified so as to find out the dominant allergic fungi.Multivalent allergen skin tests of fungi were performed on 247 children with bronchial asthma in Huangshi region at the same period and the pattern was explored during invasion season.Results Altogether 365 slides were exposed and 12 667 fungi were collected,which falled to the 22 genres of the 4 sub-categories.And these fungi could be arranged by sum to be alternaria,smut,cladosporium cladosporioides,uredinales,leptosphaeriamaculans and many others including those even without a name.The peak period of fungi distribution in Huangshi city was from Apr to Oct,and it was affected by temperature,wind and rainfall and sunshine.Forty-two point nine one percent were positive reaction to multivalent fungi allergens,of which the hig-hest positive rate to multivalent fungi allergensⅠwas 23.48%.The result showed asthma usually happened during Apr to Aug.Conclusions There were airborne fungi in Huangshi region yearly,and the sensitive season was spring and summer.Dominant fungi were alternaria,ustilaginales and ciadosporium.Forty percent asthma had a close connection to fungi allergens.The attack of children bronchial asthma was corresponded with fungi peak duration.