OBJECTIVETo explore the improvement effect of vitamins B1, B2, PP supplementation to the metabolism changes of carbohydrates, lipids, protein and energy in mice exposed to acute hypoxia.

METHODSFifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia plus 2 times, 4 times and 8 times vitamins B1, B2, PP supplemented groups. All mice were fed corresponding diets for two weeks and then except the normal group were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6 000 meters for 8 hours. The changes of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, urea nitrogen, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid from serum, liver glycogen and blood adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration were measured.

RESULTSAfter being exposed to acute hypoxia, the mice glucose, liver glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and urea nitrogen level were increased significantly (P < 0.05), while blood ATP concentration was decreased. In the vitamins B1, B2 and PP supplemented groups, these changes were improved.

CONCLUSIONThe significant changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism were observed in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and the supplementation of vitamins B1, B2 and PP was proved to be beneficial in improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the supplemented dose of four times was good.

Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Riboflavin ; administration & dosage ; Thiamine ; administration & dosage ; Vitamin B Complex ; administration & dosage

PURPOSE: Beraprost Sodium (BPS) is an orally stable prostacyclin (PGI2) analogue and exerts an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation as well as a potent vasodilatory effect. We investigated the efficacy and safety of BPS in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74, consecutive patients subjected to have impotence work-ups including history taking, penile duplex ultrasonography, pharmacological erection test, and cavernous nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) diaphorase staining. Sixty-six patients continuously received BPS for more than 4weeks (range 4-32 weeks, average 8.4+/-5.8 weeks), bid or tid (a total 80-120microgram/day) for long-term control of ED. Remaining 8 patients intermittently received 40-60microgram of BPS an hour prior to intercourse to obtain immediate erection for on-demand treatment. Sexual function was compared by analysis of an International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and general efficacy based on patient's subjective evaluation after treatment. RESULTS: IIEFs of all patients were significantly improved after BPS treatment for ED. Erectile function with IIEF question No. 3 and 4 were improved by 1.7+/-1.3 to 3.2+/-1.8 and 1.4+/-0.9 to 2.7+/-1.6, respectively (p<0.05). General efficacy of BPS was shown as full effect in 23%, moderate effect in 31%, mild effect in 26%, and no effect in 20% of the patients. Better sexual function including IIEF and general efficacy were observed in continuous treatment group than on-demand treatment group. Better result was also found in diabetics than non-diabetics (p<0.05) while no difference was observed among psychogenic, vasculogenic, and neurogenic group. The side effect of BPS was minimal; flushing in 8%, headache in 5%, indigestion in 4%, and insomnia in 1% of total patients. CONCLUSIONS: Oral BPS is a safe and effective agent to treat ED. It remains to be investigative, to determine desirable treatment method and to elucidate long term control of ED in association with oral BPS.
Adenosine ; Administration, Oral* ; Dyspepsia ; Epoprostenol ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Flushing ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Niacinamide ; Platelet Aggregation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sodium* ; Ultrasonography

Type 2 diabetes is a major global health problem. It is generally accepted that type 2 diabetes is the result of gene-environmental interaction. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction is unclear. Diet change is known to play an important role in type 2 diabetes. The fact that the global high prevalence of type 2 diabetes has occurred following the spread of food fortification worldwide suggests a possible involvement of excess niacin intake. Our recent study found that nicotinamide overload and low nicotinamide detoxification may induce oxidative stress associated with insulin resistance. Based on the relevant facts, this review briefly summarized the relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the nicotinamide metabolism changes induced by excess niacin intake, aldehyde oxidase inhibitors, liver diseases and functional defects of skin. We speculate that the gene-environmental interaction in type 2 diabetes may be a reflection of the outcome of the association of chronic nicotinamide overload-induced toxicity and the relatively low detoxification/excretion capacity of the body. Reducing the content of niacin in foods may be a promising strategy for the control of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diet ; Food, Fortified ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Niacin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of sorafenib and liposome doxorubicin on poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) xenografts in nude mice.

METHODSSorafenib and liposome doxorubicin were applied to PDTC xenografts in nude mice. The mice were randomized into seven groups: blank control (A), vehicle control (B), single liposome doxorubicin (C), single sorafenib group (D), liposome doxorubicin combined with low dose sorafenib group (E), combined group with medium dosage of sorafenib (F), combined group with high-dose of sorafenib(G). The volume, weight and growth inhibition rate of tumours were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effects of drugs.

RESULTSSorafenib and liposome doxorubicin showed significant antitumor activity in the PDTC xenografts. The mean tumor volumes of seven groups were (1274.13 ± 393.76) mm(3), (1060.00 ± 469.05) mm(3), (726.76 ± 488.22) mm(3), (451.54 ± 97.75) mm(3), (518.37 ± 164.44) mm(3), (310.51 ± 210.53) mm(3), and (228.44 ± 129.21) mm(3), respectively. The mean tumor weights of the seven groups were (1.13 ± 0.42)g, (0.91 ± 0.39)g, (0.78 ± 0.45)g, (0.55 ± 0.17) g, (0.52 ± 0.19) g, (0.34 ± 0.21) g, and (0.19 ± 0.09) g separately. The tumor inhibition rates of group C to G were 30.8%, 40.8%, 42.3%, 62.9%, 72.6% separately.

CONCLUSIONSSorafenib and liposome doxorubicin, no matter for single agent or in combination, showed significant antitumor activity in the PDTC PDTC xenografts in vivo. The tumour-inhibited effect of single sorafenib is better than that of single liposome doxorubicin. Liposome doxorubicin combined with medium dosage of sorafenib had a better therapeutic effect and less side effects.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Liposomes ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Phenylurea Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Oxides ; administration & dosage ; Phenylurea Compounds ; administration & dosage

Alpha-fetoprotein-Producing gastric cancer is associated with poor prognosis because of frequent liver and lymph node metastasis. We present a case with synchronous liver metastasis who survived for 5 years. A 69-year-old man with upper abdominal pain was referred to our hospital. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a Borrmann II-like tumor in the lower part of the stomach. Computed tomography revealed a tumor in the left lobe of the liver. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were markedly increased. We performed distal gastrectomy after administering oral tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium and administered hepatic intra-arterial cisplatin injection. Liver metastasis showed partial response on computed tomography. Despite left hepatic lobectomy, further metastases to the liver and mediastinal lymph nodes became difficult to control. After sorafenib tosylate administration, stabilization of the disease was observed for 4 months. We conclude that hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy and oral administration of sorafenib tosylate may potentially improve the prognosis in such cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Administration, Oral ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Cisplatin ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Gastrectomy ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Niacinamide ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Potassium ; Prognosis ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

Methylation, a methyl group-consuming reaction, plays a key role in the degradation (i.e., inactivation) of monoamine neurotransmitters, including catecholamines, serotonin and histamine. Without labile methyl groups, the methylation-mediated degradation cannot take place. Although high niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) intake, which is very common nowadays, is known to deplete the body's methyl-group pool, its effect on monoamine-neurotransmitter degradation is not well understood. The aim of this article was to investigate the effect of excess nicotinamide on the levels of plasma serotonin and histamine in healthy subjects. Urine and venous blood samples were collected from nine healthy male volunteers before and after oral loading with 100 mg nicotinamide. Plasma N(1)-methylnicotinamide, urinary N(1)-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-Py), and plasma betaine levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma concentrations of choline, serotonin and histamine were measured using commercial kits. The results showed that the plasma N(1)-methylnicotinamide level and the urinary excretion of 2-Py significantly increased after oral loading with 100 mg nicotinamide, which was accompanied with a decrease in the methyl-group donor betaine. Compared with those before nicotinamide load, five-hour postload plasma serotonin and histamine levels significantly increased. These results suggest that excess nicotinamide can disturb monoamine-neurotransmitter metabolism. These findings may be of significance in understanding the etiology of monoamine-related mental diseases, such as schizophrenia and autism (a neurodevelopmental disorder).
Betaine ; blood ; Choline ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Histamine ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Pyridones ; urine ; Serotonin ; blood

Administration UL of ingredients (zinc, vitamin B3, and magnesium).CONCLUSIONS: Ninety percent of “T booster” supplements claimed to boost T. However, only 24.8% of these had data to support these claims. A total of 10.1% contained components with data suggesting a negative effect on T. Many had supra-therapeutic doses of vitamins and minerals, occasionally over the UL. Patients should be informed that “T booster” supplements may not have ingredients to support their claims.]]>
Humans ; Male ; Minerals ; Miners ; Niacinamide ; Pantothenic Acid ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Testosterone ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamins ; Zinc

Despite advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), managing HCC with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remains challenging. PVT is present in 10-40% of HCC cases at the time of diagnosis and its therapeutic options are very limited. Current guidelines mainly recommend sorafenib for advanced HCC with PVT, but surgery, transarterial chemoemolization, external radiation therapy, radioembolization, transarterial infusion chemotherapy, and combination therapy are also still used. Furthermore, several new emerging therapies such as the administration of immunotherapeutic agents and oncolytic viruses are under investigation. This comprehensive literature review presents current and future management options with their relative advantages and disadvantages and summary data on overall survival.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications/*pathology/therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/therapy ; Niacinamide/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives ; Phenylurea Compounds/administration & dosage ; Portal Vein ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Venous Thrombosis/complications/*pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of FLT3 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML), to highlight the impact of FLT3 mutations and targeting therapy on response of AML.

METHODSThe clinical and laboratory features and the treatment response, especially the safety profile of sorafenib in an acute monocytic leukemia patient with FLT-ITD were reported.

RESULTSThe patient achieved clinical and molecular CR after sorafenib was added to the second course of combination chemotherapy. The side effects of sorafenib were mild and tolerable.

CONCLUSIONThe patient responded well to the combination of sorafenib and standard chemotherapy of AML without significant adverse effects.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Benzenesulfonates ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Niacinamide ; analogs & derivatives ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Pyridines ; administration & dosage ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 ; genetics