No abstract available.
Humans ; Kidney ; Niacin

No abstract available.
Humans ; Kidney ; Niacin

No abstract available.
Dyslipidemias ; Fibric Acids ; Niacin

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the antihypertensive effect of S-(-)-amlodipine nicotinate with ramipril in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: Total 138 patients (54.5 +/- 10.5 years, 69 males) were enrolled in this study between 2008 and 2010. Amlodipine 2.5 mg or ramipril 2.5 mg was treated once in a day for 8 weeks. Epidemiologic analysis was performed in intend-to-treat (ITT) group. Efficacy analysis was performed in the differences of diastolic blood pressure in study groups. Abnormal reactions were divided with severities and drug-relationship. RESULTS: The change of diastolic blood pressures were more prominent with -12.7 +/- 7.02 mm Hg in amlodipine group, and -9.6 +/- 7.38 mm Hg in ramipril group (p = 0.023). The change of systolic blood pressures was higher in amlodipine group with -18.1 +/- 7.91 mm Hg, and -14.3 +/- 11.96 mm Hg in ramipril group (p = 0.047). Blood pressure normalization rates were 81.3% (48 of 59 patients) in amlodipine group, and 61.4% (35 of 57 patients) in ramipril group (p = 0.017). Abnormal reaction occurred in 5.8% (4 of 68 patients) of amlodipine group and 14.2% (10 of 70 patients) of ramipril group (p = 0.102). The most frequent abnormal reaction was respiratory symptom. CONCLUSIONS: S-Amlodipine-Nicotinate was more effective than ramipril in hypertensive patients without significant abnormal reaction.
Amlodipine ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Niacin ; Ramipril

The ability of nicotinic acid and its substitutes to increase cutaneous blood flow has been measured by laser Doppler flowmeter in 30 healthy human volunteers. We applied nicotinarnide, nicotinic acid ethyl ester, nicotinic acid methyl ester, hexyl nicozinate each in an acqeous solution at a concentration of 10 mM/liter for 10 minutes occlusion on the forearm. The change of blood flow was serially checked at 5 to 10 minutes intervals for one hour. The study results were as follows : l. The relative maximum cutaneous blood flow response was in following order nicotinic acid methyl ester(100%), nicotinic acid ethyl ester(98%), hexyl nicotinate (84%) and nicotinic acid(63%). However, there was no statistically significant difference(p>0.05) between each drug. There was statististically significant difference between nicotinamide and all other nicotinic acid substitutes(p<0.05). 2. The time required to reach maximum blood flow response was 6.7 minutes for hexyl nicotinste, 10 minutes for nicotinic acid ethyl ester, 12.5 minutes for nicotinic acid methyl ester and 20 minutes for nicotinic acid. However, there was statistically significant difference between hexyl nicotinate and nicotinic acid only(p<0.05). 3. Significant decrease of cutaneous blood flow was observed one hour after the removal of the patches in all drugs.
Flowmeters ; Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Niacin* ; Niacinamide

Pellagra is a chronic wasting disorder characterized by 3 clinical distinct symptoms; dermatitis; dementia; and diarrhea. It results from a marked cellular deficiency of water-soluble vitamin B3, also called niacin. Dermatitis begins as an erythema and shows bilateral symmetrical eruption at cutaneous sites of solar exposure. Herein we report 2 cases of pellagra in chronic alcoholics.
Alcoholics* ; Dementia ; Dermatitis ; Diarrhea ; Erythema ; Humans ; Niacin ; Niacinamide ; Pellagra*

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of enhancing effect of ultrasound on the percutaneous absorption of a drug is unclear. But thermal, chemical and mechanical effects are assumed to play a role in enhancing transdermal drug delivery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if ultrasound enhances percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate(MN) without raising the skins surface temperature. METHODS: Treatment consisted of the application of ultrasound massage(1.0 MHz, 1.0 watt/cm2, continuous output) or placebo massage(0 MHz) for 3 min to the forearms of the volunteers, followed by a standardized application of MN at intervals of 15 sec and 10 min postmassage. Percutaneous absorption of MN was monitored using laser doppler flowmetry. RESULTS: 1. Data from the ultrasound treated sites after 15 sec showed significant decrease(p<0.05, paired t-test) in the T(0)(time between MN application and its initial response), T(MAX)(time between MN application and maximuvi response) and increase in the LDF(MAX) .(maximum cutaneous blood flow) compared to those of the control sites. 2. Data from the ultrasound treated sites after 10 min showed no difference in the T(0) and T(MAX) but significant increase in the LDF(MAX) compared to those of the control sites. 3. Data from ultrasound trvated sites both after 15 sec and 10 min showed significant increase in basal cutaneous blood flow(LDF(DH2O)) compared to those of the control sites. 4. There was no difference between the ultrasound treated sites and the control sites in the skins surface temper ature. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that ultrasound may affect the skin structure to provide skin penetration enharcement even without raising the skins surface temperature.
Forearm ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Niacin* ; Skin ; Skin Absorption* ; Ultrasonography* ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effects of changes in laboratory practices on the detection rates and turnaround time in a clinical mycobacteriology laboratory. METHODS: A total of 27,339 specimens from 9,947 patients were tested during the period from September 2000 to March 2004, which could be divided into the following four periods according the culture and identification methods used: Period I, use of 2% Ogawa medium for culture and niacin for identification; period II, introduction of PCR for identification; period III, introduction of BacT/Alert system (bioMerieux, Durham, USA) for culturing sterile body fluids; period IV, use of Bact/Alert system for CSF and the second of repeated sputum specimens from the same patients. During these periods, two technicians (one for the first half and the other for the second half periods) did all mycobacterial tests except PCR. RESULTS: Mean detection rates were 8.0% by auramine stain, 7.9% by nested PCR, and 6.6% by culture. The detection rates by culture for sputum specimens varied 11.4%, 7.7%, 8.1% and 5.9% in each of the four periods; for body fluids, the detection rate of 4.3% during the period III was the highest. The proportion of stain results reported within 24 hours and the identification of culture isolates within 21 days changed from 80.9% to 72.4% and from 2.3% to 30.8%, respectively. With an introduction of PCR for identification in the period II the time required for the identification of cultures decreased dramatically from 26.5 days to 4.8 days. The TAT of a direct detection by nested PCR changed from 7.2 days to 5.1 days. CONCLUSIONS: New tests should be introduced in the clinical mycobacteriology laboratory. But the cost and workload of the tests should be taken into consideration to make the laboratory service more efficient.
Benzophenoneidum ; Body Fluids ; Humans ; Niacin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome(EMS) is a systemic illness that occurred as an epidemic by ingestion of over-the counter L-tryptophan preparation in the United States in October 1989. We report a Korean case of EMS not associated with the ingestion of either L-tryptophan or other nutritional supplements such as lysine and niacin.
Eating* ; Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome* ; Lysine ; Niacin ; Tryptophan ; United States

The aim to this study was to investigated the effects of family type on the health-related behaviors, food behaviors, and nutrient adequacy ratio of the elderly. Studies were performed on 109 home-bound elderly in a rural area of Asan city, in 1996. Subjects were divided into two groups by their family type, one was single-elderly family(n=58) and the other was extended family(n=51). The results obtained by questionaires and personal interviews as follows. 1) The average age 68.6. They served in primary industry, and 89.1% of responders received less than a primary school education. There was no significant difference by family type. 2) Single-elderly family members themselves felt more negative about their health than extended family members. 3)Each nutrient adequacy ratio of single-elderly family/extended family members was 0.72/0.76 of energy, 0.73/0.76 of protein, 0.59/0.66 of Ca, 0.98/0.99 of Fe, 0.62/0.74 of vitamin A, 0.86/0.87 of thiamin, 0.72/0.73 of riboflavin, 0.71/0.77 of niacin, 0.90/0.91 of ascorbic acid, and 0.76/0.80 of Mar. The NAR of vitamin A of the single-elderly family members was significantly lower than for extended family members(p<0.05). Energy, protein, Ca, vitamin A, riboflavin showed insufficient intake for both groups. The percentage of INQ<1 of the single-elderly family/extended family members was 45.6/51.0 of protein, 66.7/66.7 of Ca, 64.9/56.9 of vitamin A. By NAR and INQ, the most insufficient nutrient to the elderly in this rural area was Ca. We there for suggest that it is needed for elderly in rural areas to receive of food that is higher ING of Ca.
Aged* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Education ; Humans ; Niacin ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A