Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an established form of renal replacement therapy.Long-term PD leads to morphologic and functional changes to the peritoneal membrane (PM),which is defined as peritoneal fibrosis,a known cause of loss of peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity.Inflammation and angiogenesis are key events during the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis.This review discusses the pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis and recent research progress on key fibrogenic molecular mechanisms in peritoneal infiammation and angiogenesis,including Toll-like receptor ligand-mediated,NOD-like receptor protein 3/interleukin-1β,vascular endothelial growth factor,and angiopoietin-2/Tie2 signaling pathways.Furthermore,novel strategies targeting peritoneal inflammation and angiogenesis to preserve the PM are discussed in depth.

To investigate whether accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon could be induced after repeated injection of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes, LC-MS/MS and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the concentration of mitoxantrone and the anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) IgM levels in rat plasma, separately. The drug was rapidly cleared away after the second administration. The anti-PEG IgM was detected after the first dose which was neutralized quickly after the second dose. It is proved that repeated administration of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes in rat caused the ABC phenomenon.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Liposomes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Mitoxantrone ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Calmodulin ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Communication ; drug effects ; Cyclic AMP ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To explore the clinical value of serum κ/λ ratio in the differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) and primary nephritic,and to explore its relationship with MM other laboratory markers.Methods We obtained 88 cases of MM patients with serotyping by immunofixation and 109 cases of primary nephritic patients.In accordance with the composition of protein M in immunofixation electrophoersis (IFE),88 patients were divided into 4 groups:IgGκ,IgGλ,IgAκ and IgAλ.In addition,45 serum samples of health examination were collected as control samples.The levels of serum IgG,IgA,IgM,light chain κ and λ in each group were tested by immune turbidimetry,and κ/λ ratio was calculated.The levels of serum β2-microglobin (β2-MG),albumin (ALB),serum urea (BUN),creatinine (CRE),and M protein percentage were also detected.Results (1) In MM group,there was no significant difference of sex and International Staging System (ISS) stages between each type(P ＞ 0.05),while there was significant difference in age distribution between each type (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared to control,the levels of se-rum light chain κ,κ/λ ratio,and matched Ig were significantly higher and the level of light chain λ and other Ig were significantly lower in κ typed MM patients,while the levels of serum light chain λ were significantly higher and the levels of serum light chain κ,and κ/λ ratio were significantly lower in λ typed MM patients(P ＜0.01).The levels of light chain κ,λ,and IgG in primary nephritic patients were significantly lower than control(P ＜0.01),while there was no significant difference in κ/λ ratio between two group (P ＞ 0.05).There were also significant difference of light chain,Ig,BUN and CRE levels between MM patients and primary nephritic patients (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The κ/λ ratio correlated with serum ALB (r =-0.264,P =0.013) and β2-MG (r =0.235,P =0.040) levels in MM.Conclusions Serum levels of light chain κ,λ,and κ/λ ratio have great significance in the differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma and primary nephritic.The κ/λ ratio correlated with several tumor markers in MM progresses,rendering it as a promising method for diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of MM.

To investigate whether accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon could be induced after repeated injection of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes, LC-MS/MS and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the concentration of mitoxantrone and the anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) IgM levels in rat plasma, separately. The drug was rapidly cleared away after the second administration. The anti-PEG IgM was detected after the first dose which was neutralized quickly after the second dose. It is proved that repeated administration of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes in rat caused the ABC phenomenon.

Objective To investigate the role of calreticulin (CRT) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by analyzing its expression in the sera,synovial fluid and synovial membrane in patients with RA.Methods Levels of CRT in the sera from patients with RA,osteoarthritis (OA),systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),other autoimmune diseases and health control (HC) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western bloting.CRT levels in synovial fluid from RA and OA patients were measured by ELISA.Pathological methods were employed to analyze the expression and localization of CRT in synovial membrane.ANVOA,SNK-q test were used for statistical analysis.Results CRT was found to be significantly up-regulated in sera from RA [(4.8±2.4) ng/ml] than that from in OA [(3.6±0.9)ng/ml],SLE [(4.0±1.5) ng/ml],other autoimmune diseases [(3.9±0.8) ng/ml] and HC [(3.7±0.6) ng/ml].Only the monomer form of CRT in the serum could be detected.Pathological results showed that in RA synovium,CRT was mainly expressed in the lining and sublining layers,endothelial cells and perivascular areas； while in OA,only few CRT staining was seen in perivascular areas and the synovial lines.Conclusion In RA,increased levels of CRT are detected in the sera.In addition,high expression of CRT is observed in synovium and its distribution are different from OA.Our results suggest that CRT may be involved in RA joint inflammation and pannus formation.CRT may become a potential serological marker in the diagnosis of RA.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of Qiyao Xiaoke Capsule (QXC) on patients with type 2 pre-diabetes.

METHODSTotally 116 pre-diabetes patients were randomly assigned to the Chinese medicine group (CM, 76 cases) and the blank control group (BC, 40 cases) in the ratio of 2: 1. All patients received proper diet control, health education, and exercises, and so on. Besides, patients in the CM group took QXC (0.4 g/pill), 6 pills each time, three times a day. But patients in the BC group were intervened by life style alone. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), insulin (FINS, 2h INS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), blood lipids (TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C), and efficacy of CM symptoms were observed in the two groups before and after intervention. The sequelae were observed at the end of the treatment and at follow-ups.

RESULTSAfter treatment FBG, PBG, and HbA1c decreased in all patients of the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), with 2 h PBG decreased more significantly. But there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The two methods could improve the secretion of FINS. Especially 2 h INS decreased more significantly in the CM group, showing statistical difference when compared with the BC group (P<0.05). The two methods could improve the metabolism of blood lipids. CM could significantly lower TG and elevate HDL-C, showing statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment the CM symptoms were obviously improved, showing statistical difference when compared with the BC group (P<0.05). The normalization rate was better in the CM group than in the BC group at the end of the treatment and at follow-ups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQXC combined life style intervention could improve fasting and postprandial insulin secretion of type 2 pre-diabetes patients, regulate glycolipid metabolism, correct the insulin resistance state, and improve the symptoms of qi-yin insufficiency. It could postpone or hinder the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. It was more effective and durable than changing the life style alone.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Prediabetic State ; drug therapy

Objective To study the relationship of hope level and social support of gastrointestinal cancer patients, and to investigate the effective measures to improve their hope. Methods Questionnaires were filled in by 201 gastrointestinal cancer patients and descriptive correlative study was used. Results The level of hope among those patients was from medium to high. Social support of gastrointestinal cancer patients was aignificantly higher than that of healthy people. Positively correlation was found between social support and level of hope of gastrointestinal cancer patient(r=0.154 ,P<0.05). Conclusions Social support was closely related to the level of hope of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Nurses should pay attention to the effect of social support system to improve their level of hope.

BACKGROUNDNitroglycerin (NTG) is one of the few immediate treatments for acute angina. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in the human body that facilitates the biological metabolism of NTG. The biological mechanism of NTG serves an important function in NTG efficacy. Some reports still contradict the results that the correlation between ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and NTG and its clinical efficacy is different. However, data on NTG measurement by pain relief are subjective. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ALDH2 gene polymorphism on intervention with sublingual NTG using noninvasive hemodynamic parameters of cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in Northern Chinese Han population.

METHODSThis study selected 559 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. A total of 203 patients presented with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 356 had non-CHD (NCHD) cases. All patient ALDH2 genotypes (G504A) were detected and divided into two types: Wild (GG) and mutant (GA/AA). Among the CHD group, 103 were wild-type cases, and 100 were mutant-type cases. Moreover, 196 cases were wild-type, and 160 cases were mutant type among the NCHD volunteers. A noninvasive hemodynamic detector was used to monitor the CO and the SVR at the 0, 5, and 15 minute time points after medication with 0.5 mg sublingual NTG. Two CO and SVR indicators were used for a comparative analysis of all case genotypes.

RESULTSBoth CO and SVR indicators significantly differed between the wild and mutant genotypes at various time points after intervention with sublingual NTG at 5 and 15 minutes in the NCHD (F = 16.460, 15.003, P = 0.000, 0.000) and CHD groups (F = 194.482, 60.582, P = 0.000, 0.000). All CO values in the wild-type case of both NCHD and CHD groups increased, whereas those in the mutant type decreased. The CO and ΔCO differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.05). The SVR and ΔSVR changed between the wild- and mutant-type cases at all-time points in both NCHD and CHD groups had statistically significant differences (P < 0.05; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONALDH2 (G504A) gene polymorphism is associated with changes in noninvasive hemodynamic parameters (i.e. CO and SVR) after intervention with sublingual NTG. This gene polymorphism may influence the effect of NTG intervention on Northern Chinese Han population.

Aged ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin ; pharmacology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

Objective To learn the prevalence of overweight and obesity among city residents in Wenzhou city.Methods Byusing multistage stratified cluster sampling method,a total of 10 449 residents aged 18 years and above were selected forquestionnaires interview,physical examination and laboratory testing ,analyzed the prevalence and risk factors of overweightand obesity among city residents.Results The crude prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 32.60% and7.70%,and the age -adjusted rate were 27.50% and 6.51%.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR =1.01,95%CI:1.01 -1.02)and drinking (OR =1.14,95%CI:1.02 -1.27)were risk factors of overweight andobesity,while high degree of education(OR =0.87,95%CI:0.84 -0.91)and active physical exercise (OR =0.75,95%CI:0.57 -0.98)were protective factors of overweight and obesity.The prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were much higher among adults with overweight and obesity,compared with that of normalweight adults (P <0.01).Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in Wenzhou City.Intervention shouldbe actively carried out for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity.