Objective To evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with gabapentin for treatment of recurrent pain after trigeminal radiofrequency thermocoagulation.Methods Forty patients of both sexes suffering from recurrent pain after trigeminal radiofrequency thermocoagulation,who refused surgical treatment,aged 45-80 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,with visual analog scale score ≥4,with the course of recurrent pain 0.5-17.0 months,were randomized into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:gabapentin group (group A) and gabapentin plus rTMS group (group B).The patients were treated with 2 courses of rTMS in total (5 days for 1 course,1 time per day) and with the second course at a 2-day interval in group B.Effective analgesia and pain relief were recorded within 6 months after treatment,and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated according to the modified Macnab criteria.The daily consumption of gabapentin and development of rTMS-and gabapentin-related adverse reactions were recorded.Results No rTMS-related adverse reactions were found in group B.Compared with group A,the rates of effective analgesia and pain relief were significantly increased,the therapeutic efficacy was enhanced,the daily consumption of gabapentin was decreased,and the incidence of gabapentin-related adverse reactions was decreased in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion Combination of rTMS and gabapentin produces better efficacy than gabapentin alone when used to treat the recurrent pain after trigeminal radiofrequency thermocoagulation,and the safety is good.

BACKGROUND: As a blood concentrate rich in growth factors and fibrin, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is able to significantly promote bone regeneration. PRF mixed with bone substitutes is commonly used to repair bone defects in oral maxillofacial region. But it remains controversial whether PRF as a sole material in sinus floor elevation can produce enough new bone tissues.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the osteogenic potential of PRF as a sole grafting material in sinus floor elevation by means of an animal model.METHODS: Twelve healthy adult mongrel dogs aged 12-18 months were selected and randomized into three groups (groups A, B and C), with four dogs in each group. Upper first molars on both side of each dog were extracted 12 weeks prior to sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implants placement. Different materials were used to fill in the space between the sinus membrane and implant. Groups A, B and C were filled with PRF, autologus bone particles and autologus blood clot respectively. After 12 weeks, specimens were harvested to analyze the new bone formation by gross observation, X-ray examination and histological evaluation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: New bone formation was found to embrace all the implants close to the bony sinus floor, and the tips of all implants were free from bone coverage. The new bone height of groups A, B and C were (3.135±0.288),(3.218±0.345), and (1.898±0.157) mm, respectively. The new bone density of groups A, B and C were (65.06±5.88),(75.34±8.18), and (56.92±4.95) g/cm3, respectively. There were significant differences between the new bone height in groups A and C as well as in groups B and C (P < 0.05). Also, significant differences were found between the new bone density in groups A and B, B and C, A and C (P < 0.05). Within the confine of this experiment, it is feasible to use PRF as a sole grafting material in the sinus floor elevation to generate new bone, but the new bone volume is limited.

Point Dingchuan (Ex-B1) pertains to extraordinary points and often produces a good therapeutic effect on respiratory system diseases. Ancient Chinese medical books do not record point Dingchuan. Modern Chinese medical textbooks describe the location and efficacy of and indications for this point but do not state their provenances. In order to further popularize the clinical application of point Dingchuan, this article verifies the origin and development of the name and location of point Dingchuan so as to provide a certain reference for clinically correct selection and use of this point. The results show that point Dingchuan followed the course of development from ashi point to new point and then to extraordinary point. The development of point Dingchuan to the same acupoint name and location as now international use went mainly through four stages, that is, similar name and different location, similar name and location, same name and different location, and same name and location.

OBJECTIVETo describe the prevalence of smoking, quitting smoke, and passive smoking in different populations by education status, occupation and geographic distribution.

METHODSSurveillance on risk behaviors in 145 disease surveillance points (DSP) was carried out in 2002 by multi-steps random sampling through questionnaires. 16,407 records had been completed with 16 056 used for analysis. Indicators as smoking, current smoking, average cigarettes smoked and the cost per day, etc., were calculated by weight on age proportions from the 2000 census.

RESULTSEver-smoking rates in males and females aged 15 and over were 66.0% and 3.1%, respectively with ever-smoking rate dropped 1.8% in whole population, but increased in people aged 15-24. The number of total smokers was about 350 million, 30 million more than that in 1996. There were no obvious geographic differences seen among male, but big difference was seen in female smokers. Higher smoking rates were seen in the northeast and northern parts of the country. Rate of quitting smoking was increasing, from 9.42% in 1996 to 11.5% in 2002, referring to an increase of 10 million quitters. However, the rate of no intention to quit among smokers was still very high--74%. The average cigarettes consumption per person-day was the same as that in 1996--14.8 cigarettes/day, which cost 2.73 RBM/day. The cost was various in different groups of population with a 15 times difference. The level of exposure for passive smokers was not improved. The prevalence of passive smoking in nonsmokers were 53% in 1996 and 52% in 2002. Knowledge on smoking and health condition in population had been greatly improved, but still poor in the western areas. 60% of the people claimed in supporting banning of smoking in public places, 45% supporting the banning of all cigarettes ads, but big difference was seen in different geographic areas.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of smoking in Chinese males had reached its peak, leveling but had not yet obvious dropped. Communication on the knowledge of harm in smoking remained weak since people did not understand or support the strategies on tobacco control, especially in the western areas. Data indicated that the prevalence of tobacco use would not decrease over in short period and the disease burden caused by tobacco use would still be heavy in the next 30-50 years. The government and public health authorities should develop effective tobacco control in no time to decrease disease burden caused by smoking and passive smoking.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Attitude to Health ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; statistics & numerical data ; Tobacco Use Disorder

Objective To find out parental locus of control and mental health affecting students test anxiety. Methods The samples were from 5 middle schools including 1000 students,and their parents. They were investigated with the general life scales, Sarason's test anxiety scale, Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90)and Parenting Locus of Control Scale(PLOC). Results The ratio of test anxiety: the mild was 28.8%, moderate was 45.0%, severe was 26.2% ,and felt anxiety was 55.8%. Ratio of test anxiety was higher in the boy students (X2=9.284, P =0.010) ,and heavier(F:16.42±6.70; M:15.18 ±6.51, t=2.716, P=0.007). Student test anxiety was significantly positively correlated with their parental mental health (r fatherl～11=0.166～0.272, Pfather l～11= 0.000;r mother 1～11=0.182～0.242, P mother 1～11= 0.000); Student test anxiety positively correlated with the effectiveness cof parents education, father's belief on the fate, eontrol of fathers for their children, locus of control from fathers (r1～5=0.075～0.143; P1-5=0.000～0.030);felt anxiety positively correlated with self-expect ,pressure from their mothers,over take care attitude from their parents,self-pressure from their parents( r1～6=0.068～0.230; P1-6=0.000～0.050) ,and negatively correlated with respect attitude of parents for their child, Marital relations,Communication time between the students and their parents,attitude of mother for learning( r1-7=-0.074～-0.140;P1～7=0.000～0.034). Felting test anxiety was served as a dependent factor, some factors enter the regression equation,and they were somatization of father, psychotic mother, the pressure from parents, mother over expectations, self-expectations ,the child control from student's father by Logistic regression analysis ( OR1～16=0.675～3.029;P1-6=0.000～0.007). Conclusion Students test anxiety is a common problem in male and female students. Mental health and locus of control from students' parents show test anxiety has somatization of father, psychotic mother, the pressure from parents, mother' expectations,self-expectations, the control of father for the child 6 risk factors.

BACKGROUNDWith economic growth and urbanization there have been significant changes in the life style and diet of urban residents in large cities of China, which is experiencing a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes. While high prevalence of diabetes has been reported, little is known of the long-term effects of diabetes in such a large population. The aim of this study was to estimate the morbidity rate of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in a Chinese urban diabetic population with more than 10 years' disease duration, and evaluate the relevant risk factors. The clinical manifestation of DPN and pain status was also assessed.

METHODSFive hundred and sixty-five diabetes patients were recruited into the study. Symptoms and examination helped diagnose neuropathy. The clinical manifestation of DPN was assessed with a visual analog pain score (VAS). Diabetic complication status was determined from medical records. Serum lipids and lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the urinary albumin excretion rate were measured.

RESULTSThe morbidity rate of DPN was 46.6%. HbA1c, hyperlipidemia, and retinopathy were significantly associated with neuropathy, and these risk factors were correlated with other diabetic micro and/or macrovascular complications. The average VAS pain score of the DPN patients was 4.12 ± 2.07. Severe and moderate pain was experienced by 11.4% and 40.5% respectively of DPN patients. About 3.7% of diabetic subjects had lower limb ulcer or amputation.

CONCLUSIONSThe morbidity rate of DPN for diabetic patients with > 10 years duration is very high compared to the range reported for other populations in the world. The risk factors for DPN include HbA1c, hyperlipidemia, and retinopathy. In long-standing diabetic patients, DPN was not associated with diabetic duration, and half of the DPN patients experienced considerable daily suffering.

Aged ; China ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population

Objective :To study influence of cardiac rehabilitation combined routine treatment on cardiac function and ECG in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).Methods :A total of 108 ICM patients treated in our hospital from Jul 2013 to May 2017 were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and cardiac rehabilitation group (received cardiac rehabilitation therapy based on routine treatment group ) ,both groups were treated for eight weeks .LVEF ,left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) ,QT dispersion (QTd) ,T peak‐T end interval (Tp‐e) before and after treatment ,and therapeutic effect were observed and compared between two groups .Results :Total effective rate of cardiac rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (87. 0%vs.75.9%) , P＝0.043. Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF and LVFS ,and sig‐nificant reductions in QTd and Tp‐e in two groups after eight‐week treatment (except Tp‐e of routine treatment group) , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Compared with routine treatment group after treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF [(42.3 ± 5.8)% vs.(49.8 ± 6.5)%] and LVFS [(25.6 ± 6.1)% vs.(35.2 ± 6. 9)%] ,and significant reduc‐tions in QTd [ (52. 3 ± 6. 3) ms vs .(45. 2 ± 7. 1) ms] and Tp‐e [ (129.7 ± 12. 5) ms vs.(118. 5 ± 13.0) ms] in car‐diac rehabilitation group ,P＝0.001 all.Conclusion :Cardiac rehabilitation combined routine treatment possesses sig‐nificant therapeutic effect on ICM patients .It can significantly improve cardiac function .

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 (NHE1) in K562 and HL-60 cells undergoing DNA damage induced by etoposide and to elucidate the regulating mechanism. Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and Western blot methods were used to determine the expression of NHE1 in K562 cells after the treating with etoposide. Meanwhile, the flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of leukemic cells. The luciferase reporter vector containing NHE1 promoter was constructed to measure relative luciferase activity after treating with different etoposide concentrations. The results showed that the mRNA and protein of NHE1 increased in accordance with apoptosis ratio in HL-60 cells after treated with etoposide (p < 0.05), but no such obvious increase in K562 cells. Treatment with NHE1 specific inhibitor could block etoposide induced alkalization and reduce the apoptosis ratio of HL-60 cells. The expression pattern and apoptosis alteration was not similar in K562 cells. Relative luciferase activity of reporter vector containing NHE1 promoter however increased in K562 cells after treated with etoposide. It is concluded that the expression of NHE1 is up-regulated in the process of apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by etoposide and depends on the pHi increasing caused by NHE1 up-regulation which is not found in K562 cells although the transcriptional activity increased.
Apoptosis ; Cation Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; DNA Damage ; Etoposide ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1 ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify the exosomes-like vesicles from the plasma and study their biologic characteristics and regulatory effect.

METHODSThe exosomes-like vesicles were purified from healthy donors plasma with a series of high-speed centrifugations and ultrafiltration. Morphology was identified by transmission electron microscopy and biologic characteristics by Western blot and flow cytometry. CD4(+)T cells and CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127low Treg cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by Magnetic cell sorting. After exosomes-like vesicles cultured with CD4(+)T cells or CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127low Treg cells, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed. Phosphorylated β-catenin level in Wnt signaling by phosflow.

RESULTSExosomes-like vesicles from plasma were similar to previously described exosomes in shapes and size and expressed exosome marker proteins CD63 and CD81 as well as the MHC-II molecule, costimulatory molecules CD86 etc. After co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, exosomes-like vesicles inhibited the proliferation of the T cells in a dose-dependent manner. After Treg cells cultured with exosomes-like vesicles for 14 days, the survival rate of the Treg cells was 57.07%, while that of the control Treg was 30.91%. Frizzled receptors 2, 3, 4and LRP6 gene mRNA expressed (the relative gray value was 48.50, 34.84, 23.85, 49.73) in the Treg cells by RT-PCR, and Wnt molecular expressed in exosomes-like vesicles. After Treg cells co-cultured with exosomes-like vesicles, the MFI of phosphorylated β-catenin decreased (from 20.06 ± 2.99 to 12.41 ± 2.08), and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was upregulated significantly (the relative gray value from 0.45 to 84.97).

CONCLUSIONSExosomes-like vesicles existed in human plasma and express immune regulatory molecules. They can suppress the proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells induce their apoptosis and pro-long the survival of natural Treg cells via Wnt signaling pathway.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Exosomes ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

This study was purposed to explore the changes of possible angiogenetic factors other than VEGF after inhibition of NHE1 and their related mechanisms. The K562 cells were treated by NHE1 specific inhibitor cariporide, the angiogenesis factors after inhibition of NHE1 were screened by using protein chip, the IL-8 expression level after cariporide treatment was detected by real-time quantitative PCR; the K562 cells with stable interference of NHE1 were constructed, the IL-8 expression level after interference of NHE1 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR; the p38 phosphorylation level in K562 cells treated with cariporide was detected by Western blot. After treatment of K562 cells with p38 inhibitor SB203580, the IL-8 expression level was decreased by real-time quantitative PCR. The results of protein chip showed that IL-8 expression decreased after cariporide treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed this inhibitory effect. The p38 phosphorylation level increased after cariporide treatment. The down-regulation of IL-8 expression induced by cariporide treatment was partially restored after K562 cells were treated with p38 inhibitor SB203580. It is concluded that the inhibition of NHE1 can inhibit IL-8 expression through up-regulation of p38 phosphorylation.
Cation Transport Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Down-Regulation ; Guanidines ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1 ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sulfones ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism