OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the characteristics of bone metabolism with the growing of age, and explore the skeletal change with the increase of age especially in the elderly people and the females of postmenopause so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.DATA SOURCES: Literatures about age growth and bone metabolism were computer-searched in Medline database published from January 1993 to December 2003, with the key words of "The bone metabolism,The age growth" in English. Meanwhile, it was also manually searched in library published between January 1993 and December 2003 for related articles in Japanese.STUDY SELECTION: After the primary search, inclusive criteria: ①Physiological characteristics, mechanism and influenced factors of the bone metabolism with the growing of age. ②Analysis of retrospective study was done in clinical cases. Repetitive experimental studies were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 21 papers were accorded with the abovementioned requirements, and 14 repetitive studies were excluded. Seven articles were referred to the inclusive criteria, in which 3 articles were researchful; 2 articles were diagnostic criterions; 2 articles were textbook.DATA SYNTHESIS: Bone metabolism changed greatly; skeleton became mature gradually and bone calcium increased with the age growth. Bone metabolism reached homeostasis after 20 years, and then appeared negative growth after 40 years and bone calcium decreased. Bone metabolism was the most intense and variable parameter with the growing of age. The rate of osteoporosis increased greatly in elderly people, especially in the females of postemenopause, which might be related to endocrine disorder and so on, except degeneration in elderly people. Studying these could provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.CONCLUSION: On the basis of understanding the relationship between age growth and bone metabolism, we realize that osteoporosis may be prevented mainly by means of establishing healthy life-style, full nutrition and high calcium ingestion.

Objective To compare the realtime effects of scalp cluster acupuncture versus nape cluster acupuncture on the cerebral blood flow in patients with vertigo due to cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCI). Methods Fifty-seven patients with vertigo due to CCI were randomized into a treatment group of 29 cases and a control group of 28 cases. The treatment group was intervened by scalp cluster acupuncture, while the control group was by nape cluster acupuncture. The systolic blood flow velocity (Vs), diastolic blood flow velocity (Vd), and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), basilar artery (BA), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and vertebral artery (VA) were observed before and after intervention by Transcranial Doppler (TCD). Results After intervention, the Vs, Vd, and Vm of MCA, ICA, BA, PICA and VA were significantly changed in the treatment group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The blood velocities of MCA, ICA, VA, and PICA were significantly changed after intervention in the control group (P＜0.01). The Vs and Vm of BA were significantly changed in the control group after intervention (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in comparing the blood velocities of the observed arteries between the two groups after intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion Scalp cluster acupuncture and nape cluster acupuncture both can improve the Vs, Vd, and Vm of the low-velocity cerebral arteries.

X-box binding protein -1(XBP-1)is a newly found protein that plays significant roles in protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum construction .The expression of XBP-1 is widely displayed in various kinds of tumor and is shown to take part in tumorigenesis and tumor progression .This review briefly summarizes the biology of XBP-1 and focuses on recent findings concerning its role in immune evasion ,tumorigenesis ,devel-opment of cancer ,angiogenesis ,hypoxia ,invasion and metastasis .

Objective To investigate the influence of controlling multiple cardiovascular risk factors on early renal impairment in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods 619 in-patients were categorized, according to the diseases they were suffering from into essential hypertension group (EH, 144 cases, m/f=74/70), type 2 diabetes mellitus group (T2DM, 134 cases, m/f=79/55), and metabolic syndrome group (MS, 341 cases, m/f=167/174). The effects of controlling the blood pressure, blood glucose and plasma lipid on early renal impairment were evaluated. Results 1. There were more than one half of the patients in MS and EH with blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg, more than one half of the patients in MS and DM with HbA1c above 7.0%, and more than one half of the patients in MS with triglyceride≥1.7mmol/L with or without high density lipoprotein

Objective To assess myocardial ischemia in metabolic syndrome (MS), and risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in MS, and to evaluate myocardial nuclein perfusion imaging (MPI). Methods 140 in-patients were divided into three groups according to the diseases they suffered from: metabolic syndrome (MS): 82 cases (m/f=54/28), essential hypertension (EH): 38 cases (m/f=15/23), and diabetes mellitus (DM): 20 cases (m/f=10/10). The degree of myocardial ischemia was detected by myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT MPI). Results (1) The percentage of myocardial ischemia in MS group was 81.7%, and 56.8% of the patients in this group suffered from severe ischemia. Both percentages were higher than that in the other two groups (P

Objective To observe the changes of plasma pulmonary surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and serum ferritin (SF) in neonates with mechanical ventilation and its clinical significance in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI).Methods The study was carried out in 36 neonates with mechanical ventilation and 31 neonates without mechanical ventilation .Plasma SP-A and SF levels in venous blood were mea- sured on 1,24,48,72 hours after mechanical ventilation and 24 hours after mechanical ventilation removal by Western-dot blot and radioimmunoassay (RIA).Plasma SP-A and SF levels of non-mechanical ventilation group were determined at the same time.Results Plasma SP-A levels in neonates on 24,48,72 hours after mechanical ventilation were significantly higher than those of non-mechanical ventilation group[( 2.20? 0.22)vs(1.97?0.29) ?g/L,(2.43?0.28)vs(1.94?0.33) ?g/L,(2.61?0.38)vs(1.80?0.34) ?g/L,respectively P

Objective To explore change of RBC[Ca2+]i levels in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)and the influence of nimodipine on RBC[Ca2+]i and its clinical significance.Methods Fifty-eight neonates with moderate and severe HIE were randomly divided into 2 groups including routine treatment group(n=28)and nimodipine group(n=30),and 20 healthy full-term neonates were selected as healthy control group.Based on the routine treatment,nimodipine[2 mg,0.5-1.0 ?g/(kg?min)] was given intravenously in the nimodipine group for 7-10 days.Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for 72 hours and 10-14 days,respectively.The levels of RBC[Ca2+]i were measured by Fura-2 pentakis(acetoxymethyl)ester[Fura-2/AM].The results were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software.Results 1.The levels of RBC[Ca2+]i in neonates with HIE were significantly higher than those in healthy control group[(2.83?0.36)mmol/L vs(2.15?0.18)mmol/L,P

Objectives To investigate the r el ationship between pancreatic ischemia and cytokines released in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods 20 acute edematous pancreatitis(AEP) and 20 acute necrotizing pancreatits(ANP) rat models wer e induced by injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct, another 10 normal rats were used as control. At 12 hours after the induction of AP, 10 r ats in each group were sacrificed, blood and pacreatic tissue samples were taken for measurement of TNF-? and IL-10 levels. The pathological study of pancre as was performed, and pancreatic blood flow(PBF) was measured by Doppler ultraso und instrument.Results The TNF -? and IL-10 levels in serum and pancreatic tissue increased after the induction of AP, IL-10 levels elevated more significantly in AEP rats, TNF-? levels e levated more significantly in ANP rats. PBF reduced in AP rats, and the amplitud e of PBF measured by Doppler ultrasound was closely correlated with serum and ti ssue TNF-?, IL-10 levels, inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis scores.Conclusion The reduction of PBF and the i ncreasement of cytokines developed simultaneously in rats with AP, hence both of them are important pathogenic factors of AP.

Targeting characteristic information processing of TCM pulse diagnosis, this article studied the application of fuzzy mathematics in objectifying pulse diagnosis. By analyzing limitations of traditional analytic methods, this article offered the scientific evidence of using mathematical algorithm in pulse diagnosis. At the same time, combined with actual clinical data, it also verified the correctness of introduction mathematical algorithm in TCM pulse diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the decreasing pattern of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with dementia. Methods A total of 204 patients with dementia were collected,among which 106 cases were with Alzheimer's diseases(AD),54 cases with vascular dementia(VD),44 cases with other types of dementia.According to the scores of mini-mental state examination(MMSE),mild,moderate and severe dementia were 42 cases,37 cases and 125 cases,respectively.All of them were assessed by Barthel index(BI) and compared among degrees of dementia,between AD and VD,and levels of education. Results The most reserved items were bowel movement (48.5 ％),urination (44.1 ％) and grooming (40.2％),while the most vulnerable items were climbing stairs (25.5％) and bathing(18.1％).With increasing impairment of cognition,the scores of BI were getting decreasing. There were significant differences among severe [(23.20 ± 29.27)scores],moderate[(65.54 ± 26.35) scores] and mild [(87.38 ± 22.69) scores] groups (x2 =99.686,P =0.000). Basic ADL were more reserved in AD (16.98％-53.77％) compared with VD (1.85％-33.33％) patients.No significant differences were found(x2 =3.653,P=0.161)among patients with education of primary school and below [(40.1 ± 39.0) scores],middle school[(45.3 ± 39.6 ) scores],and high school and above[(53.1 ± 37.7) scores]. Conclusions Among patients with dementia,bowel control,bladder control and grooming are well reserved,climbing stairs and bathing are vulnerable functions.Basic activities of daily living may be affected by cognitive status and the types of dementia but not levels of culture.