Objective To investigate the effects of tissue kallikrein on expressions of bradykinin, bradykinin Bl receptor (B1R) and bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) in ischemic brain tissue following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, normal saline (NS) (2 ml · kg-1 · d-1, for 3 days), and TK (IK 175 × 10-3 U· kg-1 · d-1,for3 days) groups (n = 18 in each group). After three days,the neurological deficit score and the measurement of cerebral infarct volume were performed,The concentration of bradykinin in the ischemic region was detected by the enzyme- linked imrnunosorbent assay (ELBA).reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of BlR, B2R in ischemic brain tissue, respectively. Results Compared with the NS group, the neurological deficit (6.17 ± 1. 17 vs. 8. 17 ± 1.33; t =2.000, P =0- 004) and the cerebral infarct volume (29. 67% ±3. 78% vs. 37. 50% ± 6. 72% ;t =0.078, P =0.005) in the TK group were reduced significantly; the concentration of bradykinin in ischemic brain tissue in the TK group was increased significantly (9.25 ± 1. 13 vs. 15.53 ± 1.68, t =6.283, P =0. 000); the expression of B2R mRNA was up regulated significantly (1. 21 ±0. 17 υs. 2.15 ±0.20; t =0.943,P =0- 000), but the up-regulation of the B2R mRNA expression was not obvious (0.51 ±0.05 υs. 0.57 ±0.06; t =0.058, P =0. 141); the expression of B2R protein in ischemic brain tissue was up-regulated significantly (1. 15 ±0. 16 vs. 1. 88 ± 0.21, t =0. 737, P =0. 000), but the up-regulation of BlR was not obvious (0. 50 ±0.04 vs. 0.53 ±0.05, t = 1.326, P =0. 214). Conclusions TK has protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. It may increase the bradykinin concentration in ischemic brain tissue, and up-regulate B2R expression, but it has little effect on Bl R expression.It is speculated that B2R may play a major role in TK protecting ischemic brain tissue.

Objective To explore the therapeutical effect and its mechanism of tissue kallikrein (TK) on cerebral ischemic-reperfusion rat.Methods 36 rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, NS group [administrated with normal sodium 2 ml/(kg?d)], TK group [administrated with TK 17.5?10-3U/(kg?d)]. The NS and TK groups rats were injected intraperitoneally with NS or TK for three consecutive days. After that, neurological function and the infarct volume was appraised in each of group. Meanwhile, the ischemic tissue were detected by Nissl's staining. TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the caspase-3,TNF-?,IL-1,NSE,GFAP,vWF expression in ischemic tissue.Results Compared with NS group, TK group significantly reduced the loss of neurological function and the infarct volume and improved the change of pathology in ischemic tissue(all P

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of cisplatin-based peri-operation chemotherapy (CT) on survival after completed resection of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Methods:A prospective, randomized, multicenter study was conducted by Shanghai Lung Cancer Team since Feb 1995 to Dec 2003 for stage Ⅰ~ⅢA NSCLC with completed resection. Patients were randomly assigned to receive pre-operative CT or no pre-operative CT (pre-op CT). Post-operative CT (post-op CT) were used for majority of the patients, except for partial stage I patients. Accumulated survival, log rank, MST, Cox uni-variance and multi-variance analyses, HR were used as statistics for evaluation Results:A total of 337 patients underwent randomization, 169 cases received pre-operative CT, and 168 cases didn't receive pre-operative CT. There was statistical survival difference between the group with no pre-op CT and with pre-op CT, 5-yr survival rate were of 47.85%∶ 36.52%, MST were 56.63∶39.14(P=0.03), respectively. Stage and post-op CT were the only two meaningful parameters with statistical survival difference calculated by multi-variance analyses (P0.05). There were 121 cases received more than 3 cycles post-op CT, 216 cases received less than 3 cycles post-op CT. The patients received more than 3 cycles had better yr-survival and MST than those received less cycles (P=0.04).Post-op CT was not benefit to the survival rate of stage I. In stage Ⅱ and ⅢA ,the patients received ≥3 cycles post-op CT had better yr-survival than those received less cycles(P

Objective To investigate the expression and the effect of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) in neonatal sepsis.Methods We separated 77 newborn infants into 3 groups, which were septic group (26 cases),non-septic group (31 cases) and control group (20 cases). NF-?B existed in PBMC was detected in 3 different periods, including at admission, after the 24th hour and 48th hour of admission, of the septic group and the non-septic group by flow cytometry. At the same time, the sample of the septic group and the non-septic group were drawn for blood cultures at admission before using antibiotics.Results The expression of NF-?B in septic group was more significant than that in the other 2 groups (P

Objective To study the effectiveness of Huperzine A,Nimodipine and the combinative utilization to age associated memory impairment(AAMI) and the influence of those to the plasma total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and calcium of platelet.Methods 140 patients with AAMI were randomly divided into 4 groups(35 cases in each group).Huperzine group administrated with Huperzine A 100 ?g thrice a day;Nimodipine group administrated with Nimodipine 30 mg thrice a day;combined group administrated with Huperzine A 100 ?g twice a day and Nimodipine 30 mg thrice a day;control group administrated with Vitamin B6 10 mg thrice a day.All the cases were treated for 6 weeks.Before and after treatment,the memory function were tested by WMS.The levels of plasma TAC and calcium of platelet were also measured at the same time.Results After treatment,the scores of WMS,the levels of plasma TAC and calcium of platelet in Huperzine A group,Nimodipine group and combined group were higher than before treatment and those in control group(all P

AIM　To study the phase I metabolites of phenoprolamine hydrochloride (DDPH) in rat bile. METHODS　DDPH was administered ip to bile duct-cannulated rats. Bile samples were collected before administration and up to 12 h after administration. After being treated with β-glucuronidase, the bile samples were purified and enriched with C-18 SPE columns, and then were analyzed by LC/DAD/MSD. The samples containing synthesized reference standards of DDPH metabolite 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamino)-propane (M1), 1-(2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-(3,4-methoxy-phenylethylamino)-propane (M2), 1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-(3,4-methoxyphenylethylamino)-propane (M3), 1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylethylamino)-propane (M4), 1-(2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylethylamino)-propane (M5) and 1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamino)-propane (M6) were analyzed by LC/DAD/MSD under identical conditions. RESULTS　The retention times, UV spectra, molecular weights and production spectra (obtained by collision-induced dissociation)of the apparent ions of peak A, B, C, D, E and F in the total ion chromatogram of DDPH treated rat bile sample were consistent with those of M1, M2, M3, M5, M4 and M6, respectively. CONCLUSION　M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6 were identified as the phase I metabolites of DDPH in the rat.

Objective To evaluate the modification of C_(60) on the radiation effects of ~(60)Co-γ irradiation on zebrafish.Methods The adult and embryonic zebrafish were used as model organisms to examine the potential of C_(60) to elicit oxidative stress responses on the surviving rate,hatching rate and malformation occurrence,both upon exposure to light or in the dark.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were examined as the possible underlying mechanism.Results 500 × 10~(-9) nano-C_(60) waterborne exposure could enhance the γ-irradiation effects by decreasing adult fish survival upon light exposure,which resulted in ROS and DNA damage increasing.The hatching rates were also inhibited with higher malformation,though dark exposure did not make any enhancement,except that the 5000× 10~(-9) C_(60) would inhibit larvae hatching and induced more malformation.Conclusions Waterborne nano-C_(60) exposure may enhance the radiation effects on zebrafish,ROS production and DNA damage increasing may be the underlying mechanism.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the resting heart rate (RHR) and target organ damage (TOD) in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods 264 elderly patients with MS were divided into four groups according to the level of RHR: RHR1 group, RHR<65 beats/minute (bpm) (46 cases) ;RHR2 group, 65≤RHR<75 bpm (77 cases);RHR3 group, 75 bpm≤RHR<85 bpm (89 cases);RHR4 group, RHR≥85 bpm (52 cases).Electrocardiography, echocardiography, carotid uhrasonography, crcatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and quantitative assay of 24 hours' albuminuria were performed. Results (1) Compared with RHR1, RHR2 and RHR3 groups, RHR4 group showed higher levels of carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT), carotid arterial diameter (CAD), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and albuminuria(P< 0.05 or P<0.01), and lower levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Ccr (all P< 0.01). (2) The IMT, CAD, LVMI and albuminuria were positively correlated with RHR (r=0.33, 0.23, 0.61, 0.58, respectively, all P<0.01). However, the LVEF and Ccr were negatively correlated with RHR (r=-0.59, -0.51, all P<0.01). (3) Logistic multivariate analysis showed that RHR and pulse pressure (PP) had effects on myocardial hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral stroke and renal dysfunction(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Except heart failure, PP played a more important role than RHR. Coneinsions RHR may be an independent risk factors for TOD in elderly patients with MS,and RHR regulation is important for the development of MS in the elderly.

Objective To establish a method to simultaneously determine contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in Sanwei Ganlusan. Methods Contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone was determined by HPLC was used with PDAD detector;the column was CAPCELL PAK MG C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm);the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric (58∶42);the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was set at 225 nm;the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Results The linear range of alantolactone was 0.083-0.517 μg (r=0.999 9), and isoalantolactone was 0.108-0.672 μg (r=0.999 9). The mean recovery of alantolactone was 97.95%, RSD=1.31%. The mean recovery of isoalantolactone was 97.69%, RSD=1.24%. Conclusion The method is accurate and simple in operation, which can be used to simultaneously determine contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in Sanwei Ganlusan.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of small dose of dexmedetomidine for prevention of the adverse effects caused by carboprost in the patients undergoing caesarean section.Methods Forty parturients,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 26-30 yr,weighing 63-71 kg,scheduled for elective caesarean section under epidural anesthesia,were equally and randomly divided into control group (C group) or carboprost group (D group) by using a random number table.After delivery of the fetus,all the patients received iv infusion of 20 U oxytocin and carboprost 250 μg was injected into the myometrium simultaneously.In group D,after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg/kg,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 starting from 1 min prior to carboprost injection until the end of surgery,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Adverse effects such as dyspnea,facial flushing,nausea,vomiting,hypertension and tachycardia were recorded.The OAA/S scores and time for breastfeeding initiation were also recorded at the end of surgery and 2 h after surgery.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of dyspnea,facial flushing,nausea,vomiting,hypertension and tachycardia was significantly decreased in D group.There was no significant difference in OAA/S score and the time for breastfeeding initiation after surgery between the two groups.Conclusion Small-dose dexmedetomidine (loading dose 0.1 μg/kg,followed by infusion at 0.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery) infused before carboprost administration is helpful in preventing the adverse gastrointestinal and cardiovascular reactions caused by carboprost in the patients undergoing caesarean section.