Objective:To apply chromogenic in situ hybridization(CISH)for detection of HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer tissues and to discuss some modifications of the CISH method.Methods:HER2 gene amplification was detected by CISH in 60 breast cancer specimens with an immunohistochemical score over 2+.The correlation between the results of IHC and CISH was analyzed.Our experience in CISH manipulation was summarized and optimization to CISH was discussed.Results:CISH identified gene amplification in 91%(40/44)specimens with an IHC score of 3+ and in 50%(8/16)specimens with an IHC score of 2+.The total concordance rate between IHC and CISH was 80%(48/60,P

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: To study the decomposition reaction kinetics of aqueous salvianolic acid B(Sal B). METHODS: HPLC was applied to determine Sal B's content of samples.Relationship between Sal B's content and heating time was regressed. RESULTS: Decomposition reaction of Sal B's aqueous solution was first order reaction.The effect of temperature on reaction rate of Sal B's decomposition was higher than pH value.At lower temperature(50℃),reaction rate constant K of Sal B's decomposition was very low and it changed very little with pH values. CONCLUSION: Water extraction process of Salvia Militiorrhiza should avoid applying high temperature,alkaline condition and long heating time in order to reduce loss and decomposition of Sal B,and then also increase Sal(B's) content in the extract.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sitaxsentan on renal microcirculation in beagle dogs undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)when ultrasound microbubble angiography was used to monitor renal microcirculation.Methods Eighteen male Beagle dogs,weighing 10-15kg,aged 2-4 yr,were allocated into 3 groups(n=6 each)using a random number table:sham operation group(Sham group),CPB group and sitaxsentan group(S group).Sitaxsentan 0.7 mg/kg was infused over 30min starting from 1 h before CPB in group S.Before CPB(T1),at 1 h of CPB(T2),at the end of CPB(T3)and at 2h after the end of CPB(T4),the time-intensity curve of renal parenchyma perfusion was obtained using ultrasound microbubble angiography,and quantitative parameters including the slope rate of ascending curve(A),area under curve(AUC),derived peak intensity(DPI)and time to peak(TTP)were fitted.Results Compared with Sham group,the value of A was significantly decreased at T2-4,AUC and TTP were increased at T3,4,DPI was decreased at T4 in renal cortex and medulla in CPB group,and the value of A was significantly decreased and TTP was increased at T2-4,AUC was increased at T3,4(P<0.05),and no significant change was found in DPI in renal cortex and medulla in S group(P>0.05).Compared with CPB group,the value of A was significantly increased and AUC and TTP were decreased at T3,4 in renal cortex and medulla(P<0.05),and no significant change was found in DPI in renal cortex and medulla in group S(P>0.05).Conclusion Sitaxsentan can improve renal microcirculation in beagle dogs undergoing CPB.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the third-generation instrumentation including TSRH, CD and ISOLA in the treatment of adult scoliosis. Methods:Thirty-five adult patients with idiopathic or degenerative scoliosis who received treatment with third-generation instrumentation (TSRH,CD and ISOLA) between July 1999 to January 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean preoperative cobb angle of major curves of the frontal plane was 58.1°(42°-95°). The patients received a combined anteroposterior approach or a single posterior procedure. The mean follow-up time was 20 months(10-48 months). Preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles of the frontal plane and sagittal plane and the distance between C7 and CVLS were measured. The subjective assessment was judged by questionnaire. Results: Postoperative clinical appearance of all patients improved significantly. Mean correction of major curves of the coronal plane was 53.2%. Mean loss of correction of the coronal plane in the last follow-up was 4.3°. The distance between the midline of C7 and CVSL was corrected from 2.6 cm to 0.24 cm. The results of follow-up showed that 89.3% patients were satisfied with the outcome. Pneumatothorax and haematothorax occurred in 2 patients. Three patients still complained of low back pain one year after operation because of adjacent degeneration in 2 patients and pseudoarthrosis in the remaining 1 patient. Conclusion: Imageologic findings and subjective assessment of the patients showed that the third-generation instrumentation can achieve good correction and trunk balance in the treatment of adult scoliosis with fewer complications.

Objective By proteomic analysis of differentially expressed protein profiling in pancreatic cancer using antibody microarray, new tumor marker of pancreatic cancer was supposed to be discovered. Methods The antibody microarray containing 378 monoclonal antibodies was applied to detect the differentially expressed proteins of 7 sets of pancreatic ductal adenocareinoma pooled samples and their paired normal pancreas tissues pooled samples. Results 11 up-regulated proteins (UbcH6, GABA b R2, Plakophilin 2a, Inhibitor 2, Nestin, ShcC, PRK2, Neurogenin 3, STAT 3, NHE-3 and SRP54) and 9 down- regulated proteins (DCC, HPV-16 L1, RACKI, Gelsolin, Rabaptin-5, DBP2, IKKa/I, c-Cbl, FXR2) were found in pancreatic cancer. Conclusions Antibody microarray was an effective comparative proteomic technology. These dys-regulated proteins facilitated to elucidate the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and to identify new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Objective To investigate the effects of abdominal breathing training on sleep disorders in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Methods Total of 100 patients with chronic heart failure complain of sleeping disorders and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)>7 points were assigned into two groups by random digits table method, 50 cases in each group. The observation group and the control group were nursed in the same way except that abdominal breathing was adapted to the observation group. Sleep status, heart rate, blood pressure, SpO2 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were evaluated before training, one week and eight weeks after training respectively. Statistics was used to analyze the differences between two groups. Results After training one week, the sleep status of the observation group was ameliorated, but without significant difference compared to the control group (P>0.05). And after training eight weeks, the PSQI, BNP and heart rate were (9.21 ± 6.38) points, (193.78 ± 152.16) μg/L, (63.5 ± 10.8) times/min in the observation group, and (12.92 ± 0.33) points, (417.55 ± 262.47) μg/L, (70.7 ± 8.5) times/min in the control group, and there was significant differences between 2 groups (t=3.627, 2.041, 2.767, all P < 0.05), while the blood pressure, SpO2 did not change obviously(P>0.05). Conclusions Abdominal breathing training could ameliorate sleep status in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective To investigate the changes in volume and spatial location of target areas and normal tissues before and during intensity?modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer by quantitative means. Methods Forty patients with cervical cancer who were treated with IMRT were enrolled as subjects. Computed tomography ( CT) was performed before IMRT and during IMRT when a dose of 27 Gy ( 15 fractions) was reached. Clinicians delineated the target areas and organs at risk in the two groups of CT images. The target areas and organs at risk in one group of images were mapped to the other group of CT image by image registration using the Pinnacle treatment planning system. Volume changes in target areas and organs at risk were analyzed, and changes in the spatial location were evaluated by volume difference method and Dice similarity method. Comparison was made by paired t?test. Results There were significant differences in gross target volumes of primary tumor lesions ( GTV?T) and pelvic metastatic lymph nodes (GTV?N) before and during IMRT ( P= 0?? 000; P= 0?? 000). According to the evaluation by volume difference method, the average rate of change in GTV?T was (38.64±19?? 50)% with a range between 3?? 16%and 86?? 49%, while the average rate of change in GTV?N was (42.49± 25?? 68)% with a range between 2?? 79% and 87?? 42%. In the organs at risk, the bladder had the maximum rate of volume change, the average of which was (55.13±33?? 40)% with a range between 3?? 25% and 116?? 01%. According to the evaluation by Dice similarity method, the average Dice similarity coefficient for GTV?T was 0.50± 0?? 18 with a range between 0?? 10 and 0?? 85, while the average Dice similarity coefficient for GTV?N was 0.31±0?? 20 with a range between 0?? 00 and 0?? 71. The rectum had the minimum Dice coefficient in the organs at risk, the average of which was 0.57± 0?? 14 with a range between 0?? 18 and 0?? 76 . Conclusions For patients with cervical cancer to receive IMRT, since there are substantial changes in volume and spatial location of target areas and normal tissues before and during treatment, it is quite necessary to modify the treatment regimen in time in order to provide adequate doses for target areas and avoid overdose for organs at risk.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of retinoic acid in targeted treatment of craniopharyngioma by detecting the expression of RARαand PPARβ/δin craniopharyngioma cells and analyzing the correlation between the expression and effect of retinoic acid. Methods The expression of RARα and PPARβ/δ in craniopharyngioma cells from 31 patients cultured in vitro was quantified by reverse transcription-PCR. The inhibition rates of RA on craniopharyngioma with different expression of RARα and PPARβ/δ were detected by using MTT assay, and the correlation between the expression of RARα and PPARβ/δand the effect of RA was analyzed. Results 1. The RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of PPARβ/δand RARα mRNA were different. Craniopharyngioma cells from 31 patients in primary culture were divided into three groups according the expression levels of nuclear receptor: PPARβ/δ>RARα group, RARα>PPARβ/δ group and RARα>>PPARβ/δ group. 2.MTT results showed that the inhibition rate of RARα>>PPARβ/δgroup was significantly higher than the other groups under same drug, the differences had statistical significance ( <0.01) . Conclusions The expression of PPARβ/δ, RARα can be used to evaluate the effect of RA in treatment of craniopharyngioma. The craniopharyngioma with low-expression of PPARβ/δ is more sensitive to RA. Targeting higher RARα or targeting lower PPARβ/δ is beneficial to the treatment of craniopharyngiomas.

Objective To review the clinical features , diagnosis , prognosis and treatment of polycythemia vera ( PV) complicated with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) .Methods The clinical data of 2 PV patients complicated with ACS admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital ( PUMCH ) were retrospectively analyzed and the recent literatures were reviewed .Results Case 1 was a 65-year old man who had been diagnosed PV with a positive JAK2V617F mutation 3 years ago.At presentation, the patient was suffering from recurrent angina pectoris , and coronary angiography revealed that there was a severe ( 80%) stenosis in the middle segment of left circumflex and a Xience V stent was implanted .After the percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention ( PCI ) , secondary prevention for coronary heart disease and hydroxyurea for PV were given and the patient has been followed up regularly for more than three years and he is going well.Case 2 is a 44-year old man who was diagnosed PV with a positive JAK 2 mutation 3 years ago and hydroxyurea, interferon, aspirin was prescribed.Then splenic infarction, thrombosis of splenic vein,regional portal hypertension , severe varices of fundus of stomach and upper gastrointestinal bleeding developed with him.Two months ago , an AMI of inferior wall occurred and the angiographic findings demonstrated an thrombotic lesion in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery with a moderate stenosis ( 60%);1 month ago an AMI of anterior wall developed and coronary angiography discovered that there were diffuse thrombus in the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery with a severe stenosis ( 90%) and a complete occlusion in the right coronary artery .After double antiplatelet therapy with anticoagulation therapy of warfarin was given , the patient recovered gradually .Conclusions PV complicated with ACS is relatively rare.According to recent studies, positive JAK2V617F mutation, leukocytosis, age >65 years and positive history of thrombosis are the most important predictors of cardiovascular events .Clinicians should design individualized treatment strategies for patients on the basis of clinical features , coronary angiography findings and complications .For those with thrombotic lesion in the coronary artery due to the hypercoagulative state caused by PV, it should be cautious to carry out a coronary revascularization treatment .