A bacterium strain BFHM2002 is isolated from Lake Donghu, Wuhan. BFHM2002 has advantages that it can produce melanin with a high rate and high yield in the absence of tyrosine. Induced by tyrosine, melanin yield can be dramatically increased. BFHM2002 may be identified as a new strain in Bacillus firmus, for melanin-production.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Fu San Zhen (acupuncture at three abdominal acupoints) plus Xing Nao Kai Qiao (brain-awakening and orifice-opening) needling in treating urinary incontinence after cerebral infarction. Method Sixty patients with urinary incontinence after cerebral infarction were randomized into an experimental group of 20 cases and a control group of 20 cases. The experimental group was intervened by Fu San Zhen [Qihai (CV6) and bilateral Shuidao (ST28)] plus Xing Nao Kai Qiao needling by selecting Shuigou (GV26), Neiguan (PC6) and Sanyinjiao (SP6). The control group was intervened by ordinary acupuncture [Zhongji (CV3), Qihai (CV6), Shenshu (BL23) and Pangguangshu (BL28)] plus Xing Nao Kai Qiao needling method by selecting Shuigou (GV26), Neiguan (PC6) and Sanyinjiao (SP6). The maximum bladder capacity, residual urine volume and the score of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-form (ICIQ-SF) of the two groups were observed before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were also compared. Result After the intervention, the maximum bladder capacity, residual urine volume and the score of ICIQ-SF were significantly changed in both groups (P<0.01). There were significantly statistical differences in comparing the maximum bladder capacity, residual urine volume and the score of ICIQ-SF between the two groups after the treatment (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 95.0％ in the experimental group versus 75.0％ in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Fu San Zhen plus Xing Nao Kai Qiao needling can produce a more significant efficacy in treating urinary incontinence compared to ordinary acupuncture plus Xing Nao Kai Qiao needling.

Objective: To observe the effects of acupoints, cone numbers and durations of moxibustion with different moxibustion methods on skin surface and inside temperature, and to provide references for the clinical standardization of moxibustion amount. Methods: The 42 big-ear white rabbits were divided into 6 groups according to the random number table method, a 1-cone direct moxibustion group, a 2-cone direct moxibustion group, a 3-cone direct moxibustion group, a 1-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, a 2-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, and a 3-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, with 7 rabbits in each group. Shenque (CV 8), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) were used in each group, but the moxibustion methods, cone numbers and durations of moxibustion were different. Rabbits in each group received moxibustion once every other day for 5 times in total. During the intervention, a thermoelectricity coupled probe and a temperature recorder were used to record the real-time acupoint skin temperature and the temperature at different time points, so as to observe, analyze and process the real-time changes in the temperature difference between the surface and inside of acupoint skin. Results: For herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion, the best temperature for cone changing was (46.38±0.51) ℃ when the highest surface temperature was (49.20±0.52) ℃; the multi-factor comparison of acupoint × cone number × time and acupoint × moxibustion method × time showed that time × acupoint, time × moxibustion method and cone number × acupoint had interactive effects (all P<0.05). Comparing skin temperature differences between different cone numbers at the same acupoint, Shenque (CV 8) on the 1st and the 5th days, Shenshu (BL 23) on the 3rd and the 7th days, Zusanli (ST 36) on the 1st and the 9th days of experiment showed statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The skin temperature comparison of different moxibustion methods at the same acupoint all had statistical differences (all P<0.05), except for Shenque (CV 8) before moxibustion, Shenshu (BL 23) before moxibustion and on the 5th day; Zusanli (ST 36) only showed statistical differences on the 5th and 7th days (both P<0.05). The skin temperature differences of different acupoints after moxibustion in the 1-cone, 2-cone and 3-cone groups were statistically different (all P<0.05); direct moxibustion and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion at different acupoints were all statistically different (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Cone changing temperature under the same specifications of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion was confirmed. Temperature difference between surface and inside of different acupoint skin at the same maximum temperature was significantly different due to the cone numbers and moxibustion methods, which showed the highest at Shenshu (BL 23), the second at Shenque (CV 8), and the lowest at Zusanli (ST 36). The influence of acupoint factor should be considered to determine the quantitative indicators of moxibustion.

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemiological status and risk factors of hyperuricemia in rural area of the Three Gorges.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey was carried out in rural area of Yiling District, Yichang City, which was located north-west bank of Xiling Gorge in 2007. A standard structure questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, social-economic status and life-style features. Fasting venous blood was collected and serum uric acid (SUA) was determined. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA levels ≥ 417 µ mol/L (70 mg/L) in men and ≥ 357 µmol/L (60 mg/L) in women. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analysed the risk factors of hyperuricemia.

RESULTSA total of 9354 participants aged 35 and above were included, 19.9% (1866/9354) participants were the Three Gorges migrants. Serum uric acid level in men was significantly higher than that in women [(285.1 ± 80.2) µmol/L vs. (210.3 ± 65.0) µmol/L,P < 0.01].Serum uric acid level increased significantly in both genders in proportion to increase of age, and was higher in men than in women in all age groups (all P < 0.01). The age-adjusted prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women (5.6% vs. 3.3%, P < 0.01), and was also higher in men aged 35-44 and aged 45-54 than in women (both P < 0.01). There was no significance in prevalence of hyperuricemia in both men and women aged 55-64 and aged ≥ 65. After adjusting age, gender, educational level, migration and occupation, the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in alcohol drinking participants than that of non-alcohol drinking participants (OR = 2.06, 95%CI:1.59-2.67, P < 0.01), and in participants used to consume less green vegetables and fruits than in participants consuming more green vegetables and fruits (OR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.27-2.47, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hyperuricemia is relatively low in rural area of the Three Gorges.Alcohol drinking and low intake of green vegetables and fruits are the risk factors of hyperuricemia in this population.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

Objective:To identify the relationship between exposure to mobile phones and other electronic products and the ability development in children.Methods:Retrospective study.A total of 218 children aged 0.5-6.0 years presented to the Department of Health Care, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University form September 2019 to June 2020 for developmental examination were included.Those with nervous system, mental system diseases, endocrine system diseases and premature children were excluded.Their development was evaluated and the information about exposure to mobiles phones and other electronic products were collected. Chi- square test and Fisher′ s exact probability method were used to analyze the relationship between the exposure to mobile phones and other electronic products and the ability development in children.The influencing factors of children′s development in various fields were analyzed by the binary Logistic regression. Results:Abnormal fine movements of children aged 0.5-0.9 years were related to the latest time every night of exposure ( P<0.05). Abnormalities of adaptability, language and social self-care in children aged 1.0-2.9 years and abnormality of language in children aged 3.0-5.9 years were correlated with the number of hours of daily exposure (all P<0.05). Abnormalities of language and social self-care in children aged 1.0-2.9 years and abnormalities of adaptability, language and social self-care in children aged 3.0-5.9 years were correlated with the purposes of exposure (all P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that the children′s gross motor was affected by the number of hours of daily exposure ( OR=1.868, P<0.05). The children′s fine motor movements were affected by mother′s educational level and the latest time every night of exposure ( OR=1.722, 2.355, all P<0.05). The children′s adaptability was affected by mother′s educational level, child caregivers, the number of hours of daily exposure and the latest time every night of exposure ( OR=1.711, 2.866, 1.895, 1.650, all P<0.05). The children′s speech was affected by the number of hours of daily exposure, the latest time every night of exposure, and the purposes of exposure (telephone or video phone, early education or study)( OR=2.348, 1.806, 0.328/0.350, all P<0.05). The children′s social interaction and self-care delay were affected by mother′s educational level, the number of hours of daily exposure and the purposes of exposure (telephone or video phone, early education or study)( OR=1.647, 2.678, 0.307/0.363, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The adverse effects of exposure to mobile phones and other electronic products on children should be well concerned.The exposure time of developing young children should be strictly controlled to prevent the adverse effects on the nervous system and development in children.For children who were already affected, relevant habits and behaviors should be timely corrected to avoid irreversible damages.

The aim of this study was to produce a monoclonal antibody against Mycoplasma hyorhinis,which would be useful in the diagnosis and pathogenesis researches of M.hyorhinis.BALB/c mice were immunized with whole cell protein of M.hyorhinis,and then the monoclonal antibody (McAb) was prepared by hybridoma technique.The isotype of the McAb was identified,and then the titer and specificity were analyzed.The prepared McAb was used to detect M.hyorhinis in the colony immunoboltting assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay.A hybridoma cell line was obtained,and was named Mhr-08.The McAb belonged to IgG1 isotype,and the light chain was κ type.The titer was detected to be 1 ∶ 102 400 by ELISA.The result of Western-blot indicated that this McAb strongly reacted to a 43 kDa protein of M.hyorhinis,without cross-reaction with other swine mycoplasmas,Escherichia coli or KM2 medium.It revealed that the McAb recognized a surface membrane protein and was successfully applied to detect M.hyorhinis in colony immunoboltting assay.The mycoplasmas bound to the tracheal epithelial cells was successfully detected by using this McAb in indirect immunofluorescence assay.In conclusion,a McAb against M.hyorhinis was successfully prepared,which provides as a useful tool for the diagnosis and pathogenesis researches.

【Objective】 To investigate the targets and related pathways of Yiqi Jiedu Tongluo Formula (YQJDTLF) in the treatment of liver cirrhosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, so as to predict its potential mechanism. 【Methods】 Based on the TCMSP database, the effective active ingredients and action targets of YQJDTLF were extracted, and the therapeutic targets of liver cirrhosis were obtained through Drugbank, OMIM, TTD and DisGeNET; the common targets were screened. We constructed a visualization regulatory network diagram of "drug active components-disease targets" with Cytoscape and a protein interaction network diagram (PPI) with the STRING database. Then we screened the core proteins of PPIs with Cytoscape. Finally, we made Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets by using Metascape. Finally the molecular docking was completed. 【Results】 A total of 93 active ingredients and 135 common targets were obtained. The main active compounds included quercetin, baicalein, and stigmasterol. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 135 pathways involved in cancer signaling pathways (pathways in cancer) and other pathways. Through molecular docking, it was found that the binding activity between key traditional Chinese medicine components and the key targets was good. 【Conclusion】 YQJDTLF has the characteristics of being multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, and can play a role in the treatment of liver cirrhosis by regulating related pathways and targets.

To develop a caregiver parenting behavior scale for children aged 2 to 6 years, and to verify its reliability and validity. This study recruited 1 350 caregivers of children aged 2 to 6 years. The item discrimination analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyze the structure, dimensions and items of the scale. Homogeneity reliability, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were used to analyze the reliability of the scale. Content validity and construct validity were used to analyze the validity of the scale. The results showed that the final scale contained 7 dimensions and 45 items. Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.945; the coefficient of split half was 0.899; the test-retest reliability analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the two tests were 0.893 (total score), 0.854 (social), 0.832 (language), 0.871 (gross motor), 0.893 (fine motor), 0.862 (cognitive), 0.832 (self-care), and 0.872 (sensory). The content validity analysis was carried out by two rounds of expert argumentation using Delphi expert consultation method. The Kendall coefficient of the items score in two rounds of Delphi expert consultation was 0.813 (P<0.01). The structure validity analysis showed that there were significant correlations between each dimension and the total scale, also between each dimension of the scale, and the extracted average variance values of each dimension was greater than the correlation coefficients between this dimension and other dimensions. In conclusion, the reliability and validity of the scale are qualified. It can be used as a tool to evaluate and guide the parenting behavior of caregivers of children aged 2 to 6 years.
Humans ; Child ; Caregivers/psychology* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Parenting ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Psychometrics/methods*