Autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Damage to the heart occurs as part of the wider spectrum of neuropathy. The aim of the study was to determine the percentage of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in Hue, and the correlations between CAN with age and with diabetic duration. Subclinical cardiac autonomic neurophathy may be assessed by standardized Ewing’s tests. These tests are mainly based on mesurement of changes in heart rate during three vagal activated tests: deep-breathing, changing positions from sitting to standing, and using the valsalva maneuver. Fifty individuals with mellitus, aged 18-65 years, diabetic duration 3.25 +/- 3.75 years. Results: diabetic autonomic cardiac neuropathy was detected in 76% of the patients, mild degree: 22%; moderate degree 36%; severe degree 18%. The most affected tests are: the deep breathing 36%; the changing positions: 32%; the valsalva maneuver: 68%. NAC were not correlation with age, and with diabetic duration.
Diabetes Mellitus ; complications

Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the second cause of Mental Retardation (MR) and the first cause of familiar MR. This syndrome affects up to 1/4000 men and 1/8000 women. X syndrome is often diagnosed by molecular biology technique such as RCR and Southern blot. Until now there is no study on FXS in Vietnam. Objectives: This study is aimed at: (1) Determine FXS among children with MR by technique of molecular biology. (2) Determine the mutation of FMR1 gen in families having children with FXS. Subject and Method: 214 children between 6 and 16 years of age (136 male and 78 female) with MR were analyzed FMR1 gen by PCR and Southern blot techniques. Families of children with FXS were also analyzed. Result and conclusion: This is the first study on FXS using the techniques of molecular biology in Vietnam. Identified 3 children with FXS, accounting for 1.4% of MR. Children with FXS and members with full mutation and premutation were found.
Fragile X syndrome ; FMR1 gene ; Mental retardation

Background:The urocytogramme is a certain laboratory tests, although older. By studying the cellular elements from the wall of the bladder trigone desquamated in the urine, it allows cyto-hormonal diagnosis. It allows to assess the presence and importance of the biological effect of sex steroids. This examination is not commonly used because they are poorly known in our country. It's a review of how simple, noninvasive, inexpensive. Objectives:This study aims to learn about the value of urocytogramme in normal menstruation period of girls. Subjects and method:A study was conducted on 143 high school girls of Hai Ba Trung Secondary School, Hue city. The mean age was 15\xb18 months, completely puberty; the average weight was 45.7\xb16.8 kg; average height was 156.8 \xb18.5 cm. The duration of study was from September 2006 to May 2007. Results:Urocytogramme had the index which changed according to the phase of the menstrual cycle and correlated closely with sex hormone concentrations in the ovulatory phase. The IK index had the value in ovulation diagnostic phase with the sensitivity and specificity concentrations equivalent to LH and plasma Estradiol. Conclusion:Urocytogram was a useful test for the diagnosis of in normal menstruation period of adolescent girls. It was easy, cheap and truly reflected oestrogen activity to help doctors making decision for the treatment of lasting amenorrhea disorders.
Menstrual Cycle ; Adolescent

Background: Mental retardation is a common pathological state in children, accounting for about 1 - 3%. Children with mental retardation should have a life of integrity and proper support. The discovery and assessment the children will help us to orient the education, assistance and early intervention for them at each location. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of mental retardation (MR) among children in some quarters and communes of Hue city and the degrees of mental retardation in these children. Subjects and method: Screening by WHO questionnaire \u201cTen Question screen for disability\ufffd?and learning results (if possible) of children from 6 to under 16 years old in 5 quarters (urban) and 2 communes (rural) randomly selected in Hue. Diagnostics and evaluations are based on the criteria of ICD \ufffd?10. Results: The prevalence of MR in this study was 0.94% (95%CI = 0.82 \ufffd?1.07), 1.18% in rural area and 0.84% in urban area; 1.16% among boys and 0.70% among girls. Mild MR accounts for 62.67% moderate: 19.36%, severe: 11.52% and profound: 6.45%. Conclusion: The prevalence was statistically significant higher in rural area than in urban area and in boys than in girls. There were predominant percentages of severe and profound MR.
Mental Retardation/ epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Children ;

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in terms of the fertilization rate and embryo quality using sibling oocyte cycles. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study collected data from 76 couples who underwent their first cycle at the Hue Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Vietnam, between May 2019 and November 2021. The inclusion criteria were cycles with at least eight oocytes and a sperm concentration of 5×106/mL. Sperm parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), fertilization, and the quality of cleavage-stage embryos on day 2 and blastocysts on day 5 were examined. Results: From 76 ICSI cycles, 1,196 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were retrieved, half of which were randomly allocated to either the PICSI (n=592) or ICSI (n=604) treatment group. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fertilization (72.80% vs. 75.33%, p=0.32), day 2 cleavage rate (95.13% vs. 96.04%, p=0.51), blastulation rate (52.68% vs. 57.89%), and high-quality blastocyst rate (26.10% vs. 31.13%, p=0.13). However, in cases where SDF was low, 59 cycles consisting of 913 MII oocytes produced a considerably higher blastulation rate with PICSI than with ICSI (50.49% vs. 35.65%, p=0.00). There were no significant differences between the pregnancy outcomes of the PICSI and ICSI embryo groups following embryo transfer. Conclusion Using variable sperm quality provided no benefit for PICSI versus ICSI in terms of embryo outcomes. When SDF is low, PICSI appears to be able to produce more blastocysts.

As the associations of sperm DNA fragmentation with morphology have not been examined in detail, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormalities of morphological details and DNA integrity in human sperm. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, men from infertile couples were enrolled at Hue Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Vietnam. Conventional semen parameters, including morphological details, were analyzed following the World Health Organization 2010 criteria. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using a sperm chromatin dispersion assay. The relationships and correlations between semen parameters, sperm morphology, and the type of halosperm and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were analyzed. Results: Among 130 men in infertile couples, statistically significant differences were not found in the sperm halo type between the normal and abnormal sperm morphology groups. The percentage of round-head spermatozoa was higher in the DFI >15% group (16.98%±12.50%) than in the DFI ≤15% group (13.13% ±8.82%), higher values for amorphous heads were found in the DFI >15% group, and lower values for tapered heads were observed in the DFI ≤15% group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Small-halo sperm and the DFI were positively correlated with round-head sperm (r=0.243, p=0.005 and r=0.197, p=0.025, respectively). Conclusion: The rate of general sperm morphological abnormalities in semen analysis was not related to sperm DNA integrity. However, round sperm heads were closely associated with sperm DNA fragmentation.

Extraction and fractionation of Pulsatilla koreana flowers followed by, repeated open column chromatography for EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions yielded four flavonoid glycosides, namely, astragalin (1), tiliroside (2), buddlenoide A (3), and apigenin-7-O-(3"-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (4). The chemical structures of these flavonoid glycosides were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic methods including electronic ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), 1D NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT), 2D NMR (gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC), and infrared (IR) spectrometry. This study represents the first report of the isolation of the flavonoid glycosides from the flowers of P. koreana.
Chromatography ; Flowers* ; Glycosides* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Pulsatilla* ; Spectrum Analysis

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to estimate the prevalence of viral load (VL) suppression and emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) among individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 36 months or longer in Viet Nam using a nationally representative sampling method. Methods: The survey was conducted between May and August 2014 using a two-stage cluster design. Sixteen ART clinics were selected using probability proportional to proxy size sampling, and patients receiving ART for at least 36 months were consecutively enrolled. Epidemiological information and blood specimens were collected for HIV-1 VL and HIVDR testing; HIVDR was defined by the Stanford University HIVDR algorithm. Results: Overall, 365 eligible individuals were recruited with a mean age of 38.2 years; 68.4% were men. The mean time on ART was 75.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.0–81.9 months), and 93.7% of the patients were receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. Of the 365 individuals, 345 (94.7%, 95% CI: 64.1–99.4%) had VL below 1000 copies/mL and 19 (4.6%, 95% CI: 2.8-–7.5) had HIVDR mutations. Discussion Our nationally representative survey found a high level of VL suppression and a low prevalence of HIVDR among individuals who received ART for at least 36 months in Viet Nam. Continued surveillance for HIVDR is important for evaluating and improving HIV programs.

As part of our continued study on the chemical constituents of Willughbeia edulis stems, a new dimeric lignan named edulignan (1) was isolated from its EtOAc-soluble extract. Based on NMR spectroscopic interpretation, the planar structure of 1 has been suggested to have two 2-substituted 4-chromanone subunits with different stereochemical configurations. In addition, the MS/MS analysis of the products obtained by acidcatalyzed hydrolysis of 1 was supportive of its structure. Unfornatually, the new compound 1 did not show α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value > 250 μM.

Background: Hereditary diseases are considered one of the most common causes of death and morbidity in infants and children. It significantly burdens the health system, family, and society. Pre-marital testing is one of the most proactive and effective ways to prevent hereditary diseases, infectious diseases, and congenital abnormalities. Purpose: To examine the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pre-marital testing and the intention to practice pre-marital testing; and, To identify the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and intention to practice pre-marital testing among midwifery students. Methods: Adescriptive correlational study was conducted from May to July 2020 among 150 midwifery students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The research consists of a questionnaire with four main parts: demographic characteristics, knowledge about pre-marital testing, attitudes toward pre-marital testing, and intention to practice pre-marital testing. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were used for data analysis. The significance level of the statistical test was set up at α = .05. Results: The average age of students was 21.73 years old, most of them were unmarried (98%). More than three-quarters (80.7%) of them had good knowledge about pre-marital testing and (88.7%) of them had a positive attitude towards pre-marital testing. Most students (94.7%) have an intention to use a pre-marital test and believe in its benefits. Knowledge was positively correlated with intention to practice pre-marital testing (X2 = 5.10, p = 0.02). Likewise, attitude toward pre-marital testing was positively correlated with the intention to practice pre-marital testing (X2 = 12.57, p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings emphasized the important role of health education which is a keystone in improving pre-marital knowledge, attitudes, and the practice of pre-marital testing to prevent hereditary diseases and improve people's health.
Knowledge ; Attitude ;