Tabagism or health is one of important problems for our country, lung cancers are related commonly tabagism. To understand the relation between them, the general review of 9 scientific works, which published in Vietnam medical literature from 1957 to 1995 is made. 1. The rate of lung cancers related tabagism. Before 1993- year of foundation of national program against lung cancers. (n= 629 cases from 1966 to 1991) 61-95% the average 70-80%. After 1993 (n= 935 cases from 1994 to 1995) 75.3 - 78.2% equivalent to the former. Indice of lung cancers in the community is about 60/100,000 habitants 1993. 2. The rate of cigarettes or laos tobacco smoking 9 (water- pipe tobacco): cigarettes smoking 23.0%; laos tobacco smoking 40.0%; both two 70-80%. 3. Tabagism and sex. The majority are male smoker 75 - 90% and 46% are laos tobacco smoking. 4. Number of years and cigattes smoking per day. 5. Lung cancers and type of histology. This relation is not clearly proved, the one: type of histology is related to tabagism except adeno cancer, but another : there is no significative difference with p > 0.05. Conclusion; 70-80% lung cancers in Vietnam are smokers, it is nearly equivalent to developed countries (WHO 80-90%) It is necessary to carry out survey on tabagism in different regions and continue to study profoundly the relation between lung cancers and their types of histology
Lung Neoplasms ; Nicotine

There were some kind of classification of tuberculosis such as classification of WHO, Soviet Union and Lopo De carvello. A classification of tuberculosis should be contained basic clinical, X-ray types (pulmonary and non-pulmonary tuberculosis), primary tuberculosis, secondary tuberculosis and explain the advanced stage, stable stage, treatment, severity, complication and sequela
Tuberculosis ; classification

The Omicron variant caused a surge of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Viet Nam in early 2022, signalling community transmission. We report on active whole-genome sequencing surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples collected at that time in northern Viet Nam from international arrivals and community clusters. We used an amplicon protocol developed with 14 polymerase chain reaction products and the Illumina iSeq 100 platform. Overall, 213 nasopharyngeal or throat swabs were analysed, of which 172 samples were identified with the Omicron variant. Of these, 80 samples were collected from community cases in February 2022, among which 59 samples were sublineage BA.2 and one sample was the recombinant XE variant. Our results indicated that Omicron had replaced Delta as the dominant variant in a very short period of time and that continuously conducting active whole-genome sequencing surveillance is necessary in monitoring the evolution and genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Viet Nam.

OBJECTIVETo ascertain the extent of under-utilization and insufficiency or inappropriateness in provision of health services as one of the possible causes of high mortality from pediatric pneumonia in pilot areas in Vietnam.

METHODThe household survey on morbidity and treatment of acute respiratory infections, simple cough, and cold and pneumonia, was conducted in two communities with 10% sampling of the child population.

RESULTSBoth under-treatment of "fast breathing", a proxy for pneumonia, and over-treatment of simple cough and cold with antimicrobials by health workers, mothers, and private practitioners were common.

CONCLUSIONSA household survey on morbidity and treatment was found to be useful to clarify actual practices in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in the community, which cannot be obtained by mere interview with health workers or mothers. Since a change of knowledge did not automatically lead to change of practice, the training of health workers, health education of mothers and provision of antimicrobials at village health stations would not guarantee improved practice of health workers and mothers. Therefore, constant supervision for health workers, continued health education of mothers and involvement of private practitioners are needed to improve the situation.