An interview of 1950 persons who worked at 37 companies in 7 localities that has high risks of working accidents and occupational disease. Results have shown that the document system was relatively complete to contribute importantly to the health care, detection of occupational disease- and implementation of regime related with working people. The implementation of regulations of working protection for working people suffered the occupational disease was quite well: 86,3% of companies considered in the health care and periodical consultation. The ways of reduction of dust have not properly been considered. Most of working people knew the risk of pulmonary dust, bronchitis and occupational deaf
Occupational Diseases ; Safety

1667 laborers were interviewed on using the plant protective chemicals in 16 communes of 8 provinces: §ång Nai, L©m §ång, TiÒn Giang, B×nh D­¬ng, B×nh Ph­íc, Ninh ThuËn, B×nh ThuËn, Kh¸nh Hßa in year 2000. Results: 100% or farm households were using plant protective chemicals. Number and types of plant protective chemicals used are various. The management of plant protective chemicals remained to be not tightly. They are used unsafe and inappropriately, cause effects on the laborer health and toxicity. The incidence of Tb toxicosis is 22.92 per 10,000 people. The incidence of Padan toxicosis is highest.
Chemistry ; Agrochemicals ; therapeutics

This paper introduced the achievements of preventive medicine during past the years (1991-2000), including the epidemic disease prevention and control, malaria control, HIV/AIDS prevention and control, public nutrition, health quarantine in the border, school based health, strengthen organization and health staff of preventive medicine network research and application of scientific and technological achievements.
Preventive Medicine ; Achievement

Military and civilian health joining is a valuable tradition of civilian and military health, developed since the August Revolution and now is developing increasingly. This is the cause of whole health sector. In 1998, the Ministry of Health combined with the Ministry of Defense to implement the program 12: Military and Civilian Health Joining for establishing the national defense and public health care with aims are: control diseases and epidemics, improve the quality of both civilian and military health services, develop efficiently the national health programs, training and scientific researches.
Delivery of Health Care ; Military Personnel ; public health

30 patients with check sunburn, aged 18-60 years old treated by hydroquinone 2% in combining with sun protected cream. After 6 moths pigment reduced by 45,6%, mean size of lesion reduced by 78%. 90- 100% of patients had the size of lesion reduced by 13,4% and 61% of patients had the size of lesion reduced by 70-89%.
Therapeutics ; Melanosis/therapeutic use ; Hydroquinones

30 patients with melasma (diagnosed according to Zaumseil, Klaus-Graupe) was treated by applying 2% hydroquinone in combing with 0.05% retinoic. After 6 month treatment, the disease recessed well and very well in 65.6%, the size of pigmented area reduced 87% in average, 15.6% of patients has reduced in 90-100% of size and 65.7% of 70-89%.
Melanosis ; Therapeutics ; Hydroquinones ; Tretinoin

30 patients aged 18-60 years old with melasma localized at the epiderm and epiderm plus mesoderm layer topically treated by 2% hydroquinone preparation within 6 months at the Venero-dermatol Institute were evaluated. Good and very good results reached in 42.5%. The size of lesion minimized by > 10% each months, especially 21% in the 2nd month. Mean size of lesion minimized by 75%. In 11.2% of patients, the size of lesion minimized by 90-100% and 56.3% of patients had got the lesion of 70-89% minimized size.
Therapeutics ; Melanosis ; Hydroquinones

Treatment for 30 patients with melasma according to standard of Zaumseil, Klaus-Graupe by bleaching hydroquinon in combination with retinoid acid and sun cream. After 6 months, the result showed that: reduced 70% pigment of injury. Size of average injury reduce 87,1% after treatment. In 16,7% patients, the size reduce 90-100% and in 70%, the size reduce 70-89% after treatment.
Melanosis ; Therapeutics ; Hydroquinones ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Study on 274 non-pregnant women with melasma at the age of 15-67, treated in Hanoi Dermatology Hospital from November 2001 to October 2004. The results: melasma was a common disease in all of age of woman, but it accounted for 86.49% in 25-55 years old group. Melasma with localized lesions in epithelium accounted for high percentage (58.03%) then mixed lesions (20.2%). The lesions occurred in both 2 cheeks among 50.73% of worker and farmer patients. 6.56% of patients with pigment disorder skin disease, 26.64% patients with chronic disease, 19.7% of patients had related factors such as spontaneous abortion, abortion or taking contraceptive pills, 9.72% of patients had endocrine diseases
Melanosis ; Women ; Pregnant Women

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to estimate the prevalence of viral load (VL) suppression and emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) among individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 36 months or longer in Viet Nam using a nationally representative sampling method. Methods: The survey was conducted between May and August 2014 using a two-stage cluster design. Sixteen ART clinics were selected using probability proportional to proxy size sampling, and patients receiving ART for at least 36 months were consecutively enrolled. Epidemiological information and blood specimens were collected for HIV-1 VL and HIVDR testing; HIVDR was defined by the Stanford University HIVDR algorithm. Results: Overall, 365 eligible individuals were recruited with a mean age of 38.2 years; 68.4% were men. The mean time on ART was 75.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.0–81.9 months), and 93.7% of the patients were receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. Of the 365 individuals, 345 (94.7%, 95% CI: 64.1–99.4%) had VL below 1000 copies/mL and 19 (4.6%, 95% CI: 2.8-–7.5) had HIVDR mutations. Discussion Our nationally representative survey found a high level of VL suppression and a low prevalence of HIVDR among individuals who received ART for at least 36 months in Viet Nam. Continued surveillance for HIVDR is important for evaluating and improving HIV programs.