To survey the basic measurements of urodynamic as cystometry, uroflowmetry, electromyography, urethral profilometry. Currently, it may be to combine measurements each other or urodynamic with image diagnostic technique in order to have comprehensive consideration, more accurate on lower urinary tract function: To combine with cystometry, uroflowmetry and electromyography, detrusor pressure measurement, to combine with cystometry and observe reflection of light of cystoids under fluorescent screen, video-urodynamics
Urodynamics ; Electromyography ; Urinary Tract ;

Varicocele is a dilatation of plexus venosus in the spermatic cord. It rarely occurs before the age of puberty, but 15% of male teenager experienced varicocele (the rate is relatively high). This rate is higher when surveying data of male infertility (35% of primary infertility patients, and 75-81% of secondary infertility patients had experienced varicocele). Varicocele may affect both sides, but 90% of cases occurred in 1 side and among them 90% were in the left side. Microsurgery is a treatment with high rate of success
Varicocele ; Spermatic Cord ; Microsurgery ; diagnosis ; therapeutics ; knowledge

Ecstasy has been registered in 1914 as an anti-tired medicament for military use. From the year 1980, Ecstasy becomes an excitant using in amusing with the name of “shaking drug”, “Rabid drug”. After consumption, users become cheery, infatuated, vigilant, untiring, loosing of the feel of hunger, fond of groping for and embracing, drinking alcohol and beer, dancing in all night. In the state of passionately fond the user can kill and rape. After a stage of exciting, the user can get severe and long weakening, get psychologic disturbance, get acute hepatitis. The harmfulness of ecstasy can be continuously listed
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ; Military Personnel ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Antibiotic use must carefully and must exactly consider according to indication and combined exactly method and disease. To against antibiotic resistance, urgent methods is needed such as drugs used exactly disease, sufficient dose and enough time. For physicians, should careful if prescribe antibiotic, don't use new drug if older drug still effective, review antibiotic resistance to choose exactly, preservation obey exact standards, limited using antibiotic for cattle and poultry
Antibiotics, Antifungal ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Delivery of Health Care

Center for the trauma and orthopady treated 200 cases of foot deformity in which 1,500 cases received operations. Most of them were congenital club foot (70%) followed by club food due to the polio fever(20%) due to the brain paralysis (5%) and due to arthrogrip ossis (5%). The orthopadic equipments were applied for 35 cases. The equipment was used within 5 weeks and continuously fixed by gypsum up to 3 months from the day of operation.
Therapeutics ; Foot ; surgery

Fifty three of normogravid - normotensive women who subsequently developed pregnancy - included hypertension demonstrated an increase in diastolic blood pressure at least 20 mmHg when turned from the lateral recumbent to the supine position, between twenty eight and thirty six weeks of gestation. Conversely 95.8% percent of women who did not demonstrate such a rise in diastolic blood pressure when turned to supine position did not become hypertensive during that pregnancy. The results demonstrated the high validity of this method as follow: the sensivity of predictive value: 65%. The specificity of predictive value: 93%, the positive predictive value: 53%, the negative predictive value: 96%.
Hypertension ; Pregnant Women

Growing increase in resistance of H. pylori strains to antibiotics of choice is identified worldwide, requiring further investigating susceptible characteristics of the germ to these agents. Objectives: To assess the resistance of H. pylori individual colonies from a single biopsy to metronidazole and clarithromycin. Methods: The E - test was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of these two antimicrobial drugs for ten H. pylori colonies isolated from an initial gastric biopsy culture from each of 14 adults and 14 children. Results: Among patients haboring HP strains resistant to these 2 antimicrobials, we observed heterogeneity in metronidazole resistance in 14/22 cases and in clarithromycin resistance in 3/13 cases. The number of resistant individual colonies ranged from 2/10 to 9/10 depending on subjects. Conclusions: In the same biopsy from both adults and children different colonies of H. pylori displayed different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns prior to anti - H. pylori treatment, rendering antibiogram interpretation difficult.
Helicobacter pylori, Adult, Child, Metronidazole

GC is wonderful drug to prevent and control bronchial asthma. Methods: 1026 inpatients with asthma presented at the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology were included in this study. Cross - sectional surveys and retrospective studies. Objectives: Study on situation of using GC of asthmatic patients. Describe adverse drug reactions of glucocorticoid to asthmatic in - patients at the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Results: All of 1026 patients used Gc. Prednisolon, solu - medrol, depersolon and pulmicort were most used medications. There were 295 asthmatic patients have side effects (28.75%) with 24 types of symptom, 15 diseases and syndromes are resulted: Cushing syndrome, gastric ulcer, diabetes, hypertension, ponosis, retarded development... Almost systemic organs of the patients were influenced negatively by Gc. It has relationship among the way to use, the time in used GC and adverse drug reactions of GC. Conclusions: GC caused many adverse drug reactions to asthmatic patients.
Asthma ; Status Asthmaticus ; Patients ; Glucocorticoids

The hallucination are common and have an important role in diagnosing schizophrenia. Objectives: To describe and to follow up the evolution of the hallucination in schizopprenia. 40 patients with schizophrenia met to ICD.10 criteria and have hallucination were treated by anti-psychotic drugs in National Institute of Mental Health from September 1999 to November 2000. Methods: cross - sectional study. Results: The hallucination symptoms in the patients were: 92.5% had auditory hallucination, 12.5% had visual hallucination and 2.5% had olfactory hallucination. Most of auditory hallucination was comments located in head. 91.6% hallucinations were disappeared when the patients were treated by anti-psychotic drugs. Conclusions: Most of hallucinations are auditory, visual and olfactory. Hallucinations are likely sensitive to anti-psychotic drug.
Schizophrenia ; Hallucinations

Blindness prevalence and its causes are necessary for planning of the Blindness Prevention activities. Objectives: to evaluate blindness prevalence and causes, the output and outcome of cataract surgical services in the community. Methods: Cross-sectional prescriptive study was conducted on 1,729 persons of 50 years old and over. Results: Bilateral blindness prevalence is 3.41%, monocular blindness prevalence is 7.63% in the group of 50 years old and over. Main causes of blindness are cataract (47.5%), pathology of posterior segment (22.0%), glaucoma (16.9%), trachoma (3.4%). Bilateral and monocular cataract-related blindness rates are 1.50% and 3.76%, respectively. Prevalence of TT in one eye is 4.22%, in both eyes is 2.66%, prevalence of Pterigyum in one eye is 19.56% and in both eyes is 7.99%. The bilateral aphakia rate is 1.39%, monocular aphakia rate is 2.37%. The cataract surgical coverages are 63.89% of patients and 43.20% of eyes. The successful surgical rate is 67.42%. Main barriers for cataract management service are poverty (23.1%), unawareness (18.2%), and no accompaniers (9.1%). Conclusions: Main cause of blindness in Hanam is still cataract. The CSSR is good but the successful surgical rate is not high. In the next 10 years promotion of cataract surgery output and surgical quality should be done in order to reduce blindness prevalence.
Blindness ; Cataract ; Surgery