329 medical records of patients in Bach Mai Hospital were examined. The results showed that there were 229 patients using antibiotics in treatment. The antibiotics were used most in treatment of pulmonary infections, then treatment diseases of skin, muscles, bones, joints, kidney, and urinary tract, genital diseases. The 1st generation cephalosporines were most common, then penicillin, chloramphenicol, and 3rd generation cephalosporines were. Nearly 2/3 of patients have used antibiotics within 5-10 days. 1/5 of patients have used antibiotics <5 days and only 8.3% of patients used more than 2 weeks. The use of antibiotics in Pediatric Department is reasonable, choosing antibiotics according to WHO's guideline so that the rate of recovery was high, the cost of treatment was low, there 's not severe complication due to using antibiotics in treatment.
Therapeutics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; child

Studying on measurement of lung function and comparing the clinical symptoms with lung function change was carried out in 31 children from 7 to 15 years of age with asthma. Results: All of lung function indicators in the exacerbations of asthma children were decreased, such as FVC% and FEV1% < 80% compared with predicted, PEF and FEV1/ FVC% < 75%. There was relation between clinical symptoms with lung function. The more severe clinical signs were the more decreased indicators of measured lung function
Asthma ; Child ; Diagnosis

Studying on arterial blood gas of 50 children with acute asthma and comparing with clinical symptoms showed that there was closely relation between symptoms such as cyanosis, fast breathing, severe breathless, talks in word or phrases with pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2 and HCO3. The stimulations which related closely with hypooxygenemia were PaO2, SaO2 and pH. Tugging respiratory muscle related to changing pH in blood. There was not relation between blood gas indicators and signs such as rapid pulse and wheeze
Asthma ; Child ; Diagnosis

Random study on 56 children with acute respiratory tract infection who were treated at 11 commune health stations of Chuong My, Ha Tay between 5/2003 and 6/2003 showed that the health workers didn’t examine all the danger signs as therapy demands. There were 80% children assessed for stopping feeding well, 76.7% children assessed for convulsion, 83.3% children assessed for stridor in calm, 98% children assessed for lethargic, 44.6% children assessed for severe malnutrition. There were 91% children assessed for fast breathing and 83.9% children assessed for chest indrawing. There are 98.2% children with acute respiratory tract infection were classified appropriated with therapy by health workers, 83.9% children were managed correctly. However, heath workers still overused antibiotics for cases with acute respiratory tract infection (31.5%). Health workers paid more attention to guide mothers how to care children at home
Respiratory Tract Infections ; Therapeutics ; Child

Study on 103 records of children, under 5 years old with acute respiratory infection (ARI) admited to the Khoai Chau district health center of Hung Yen province, on the May 2001. The results: the rate of ARI classifications and diagnose following guidelines of WHO were 59.2% (low rate). Of those, the rate of children with pneumonia were classified following WHO guidelines to be 71%, no pneumonia to be 68.6%, severe pneumonia to be 20%. The rate of antibiotic treatment following WHO regimen were very low (6.8%). Overuse of antibiotics were very popular. Benzyl penicillin plus gentamicine were used not only for single pneumonia but also sore throat
Respiratory Tract Infections ; Therapeutics ; Child

A retrospective study was performed with 52 case -reports of neonatal tetanus and 97 without neonatal tetanus during the year 1995-2002 at Bacgiang provincial hospital. In the province Bacgiang, there were children with neonatal tetanus in every rural district, the highest incidence in Lucnam District_28,8%,in Langgiang District_15,8%, the lowest in Yenthe District_ 1,9% and none in Dongson District. The signs of disease were jawbone stiffness, sucking cease, umbilical wet and fetidness, spasm, dyspnoe and pale face. Mortality _55,4% . With a short incubation of 0 to 7 days, the mortality was 19 folds higher than that of the group of above 7days incubation. Risk factors: unprepared delivery, delivery at home, cutting umbilical cord and dressing by dirty instruments and materials...
Epidemiology ; Diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; Tetanus

The combinations of gel activated charcoal and sorbitol in rational proportion (product name: Antipois- Bachmai) were given for 91 patients with ingestion-induced poisoning as protocol of Bachmai Poison Control Center. 76 cases (83.5%) were admitted before 6 hours and 85 cases (93.4%) before 12 hours. 66 patients (72.5%) were given 1 dose, 93.4% were given less than 3 doses, and in 2 patients (2.2%), 6 doses have been used. Antipois-Bachmai was used conveniently. Deposit was not observed in gastric sonde, so this drug prevented from obstruction due to charcoal. Almost patients had charcoal loose stool within first 12 hours.
Poisoning ; therapy

Direct interview 48 doctors and nurses working in 18 district hospitals of 3 provinces Nam Dinh, Hai Duong, Ha Tay. 78.4% of them had examined and prescribed following guidelines of acute respiratory infection (ARI) programme 99.2% of children were prescribed with only one kind of antibiotic. There were 44.5% cases using antibiotics with incorrect indication. 26.1% of antibiotic prescriptions were completely suitable. There were 81% cases to be used one kind of antibiotic. Conclusion: doctors working in district hospitals have high knowledge on guidelines of ARI programme, but they still do not believed the guidelines fully. Overuse of antibiotics and vitamins are common in practice in prescribing for ARI children
Respiratory Tract Infections ; Knowledge ; Attitude

Studying 50 children under 15 years of age (28 boys, 22 girls) with asthma treated at pediatric department of Bach Mai hospital from September 2003 to October 2004. Most patients were less than 5 years old (78%). There were only 2% of children under 1 year of age. The disease rate in boys was more common than in girls (56% vs. 44%). Fever, retraction of respiratory muscles, irritable, fast breathing occurred in children under 5 years more than in children over 5 years old. White blood cells rate increased in children < 5 years. Images of air exceed on chest X-ray were observed in two third of cases and the same in two age groups
Asthma ; Child

The cross-sectional research on disease pattern of 1846 children was conducted in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools in a commune of Ha Tay province during the last two weeks of August 2004 showed that the rate of children having at least one disease was 24.5%. Out of those, the disease rate of children from 5 to 10 years old was highest (33.9%) and lowest disease rate was group of children from 10 to 15 years old (17.3%). The disease rate of male was higher than female in all three age groups (30.9% in male compared with 18.3% in female). According to International Classification Diseases (ICD10), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases have highest rate (23.19%). Followed by respiratory diseases (14.62%) and digestive diseases (14.19%). Other disease groups and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings classified in chapter XVIII 0.87%, in chapter I 0.76%, diseases in chapter XIV and XVII 0.49%, in chapter XII 0.44%,in chapter III 0.27%, in chapter V 0.10% and in chapter IX 0.05%
Child ; Disease