Direct interview 48 doctors and nurses working in 18 district hospitals of 3 provinces Nam Dinh, Hai Duong, Ha Tay. 78.4% of them had examined and prescribed following guidelines of acute respiratory infection (ARI) programme 99.2% of children were prescribed with only one kind of antibiotic. There were 44.5% cases using antibiotics with incorrect indication. 26.1% of antibiotic prescriptions were completely suitable. There were 81% cases to be used one kind of antibiotic. Conclusion: doctors working in district hospitals have high knowledge on guidelines of ARI programme, but they still do not believed the guidelines fully. Overuse of antibiotics and vitamins are common in practice in prescribing for ARI children
Respiratory Tract Infections ; Knowledge ; Attitude

Studying 50 children under 15 years of age (28 boys, 22 girls) with asthma treated at pediatric department of Bach Mai hospital from September 2003 to October 2004. Most patients were less than 5 years old (78%). There were only 2% of children under 1 year of age. The disease rate in boys was more common than in girls (56% vs. 44%). Fever, retraction of respiratory muscles, irritable, fast breathing occurred in children under 5 years more than in children over 5 years old. White blood cells rate increased in children < 5 years. Images of air exceed on chest X-ray were observed in two third of cases and the same in two age groups
Asthma ; Child

The cross-sectional research on disease pattern of 1846 children was conducted in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools in a commune of Ha Tay province during the last two weeks of August 2004 showed that the rate of children having at least one disease was 24.5%. Out of those, the disease rate of children from 5 to 10 years old was highest (33.9%) and lowest disease rate was group of children from 10 to 15 years old (17.3%). The disease rate of male was higher than female in all three age groups (30.9% in male compared with 18.3% in female). According to International Classification Diseases (ICD10), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases have highest rate (23.19%). Followed by respiratory diseases (14.62%) and digestive diseases (14.19%). Other disease groups and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings classified in chapter XVIII 0.87%, in chapter I 0.76%, diseases in chapter XIV and XVII 0.49%, in chapter XII 0.44%,in chapter III 0.27%, in chapter V 0.10% and in chapter IX 0.05%
Child ; Disease

Study on 321 records of using corticoids in Pediatric Department of Bach Mai hosptial showed that the general rate of using corticoids for all kinds of diseases was 38.9%. Of those, the highest rate was 80% in neurological infections, followed by 74.3% in hematological diseases, 70.3% in nephritic diseases, 52.6% in heart diseases and 45.2% in respiratory diseases. Corticoids were overused in the treatment of pneumonia. There were three kinds of routes for using corticoids. Of those, the oral route accounted highest rate (53.1%), intravenous route was 30.1% and nebulized route had lowest rate (16.8%). There were interaction between corticoids and some drugs such as salixylat, digoxin and furoxemid when these drugs were used at the same time
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Studying on 127 medical records of asthma patients who were treated at the Pediatric Department of Bach Mai hospital between 1/1999 and 1/2001 showed that the hospitalization of asthma children were most common in March, April and September to December. Male is more than female with the ratio were 1:1.49. There were correlation between allergic history of patients and family with asthma. The short acting beta2-adrenecgic agonists were used most common in treatment for asthma (92.64%), with oral route is highest rate, followed by nebulization and inhalation, intravenous route was less common. There were 47% cases patients without signs of bacterial infections were given antibiotics
Asthma ; Child ; Epidemiology ; Therapeutics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

60 subjects aged 21-42 with an indication of caesarean section underwent spinal aneasthesia by 10mg Marcaine 0.5%. Patients were met ASAII criterion. Among them 8.2% had got mild blood hypertention. Subarachnoid anaesthesia gave high efficacy because its prompty effect and prolonged anaesthesia, the patients were vigilant without complication owing to aspiration of gastric succus. Subarachnoid anaesthesia did not suppress the respiration and the central nervous system. The post operative monitoring was more simply, possibly to prevent anaesthesic complications for the mother and especially for the infant.
Anesthesia ; Bupivacaine ; Cesarean Section

329 medical records of patients in Bach Mai Hospital were examined. The results showed that there were 229 patients using antibiotics in treatment. The antibiotics were used most in treatment of pulmonary infections, then treatment diseases of skin, muscles, bones, joints, kidney, and urinary tract, genital diseases. The 1st generation cephalosporines were most common, then penicillin, chloramphenicol, and 3rd generation cephalosporines were. Nearly 2/3 of patients have used antibiotics within 5-10 days. 1/5 of patients have used antibiotics <5 days and only 8.3% of patients used more than 2 weeks. The use of antibiotics in Pediatric Department is reasonable, choosing antibiotics according to WHO's guideline so that the rate of recovery was high, the cost of treatment was low, there 's not severe complication due to using antibiotics in treatment.
Therapeutics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; child

Studying on measurement of lung function and comparing the clinical symptoms with lung function change was carried out in 31 children from 7 to 15 years of age with asthma. Results: All of lung function indicators in the exacerbations of asthma children were decreased, such as FVC% and FEV1% < 80% compared with predicted, PEF and FEV1/ FVC% < 75%. There was relation between clinical symptoms with lung function. The more severe clinical signs were the more decreased indicators of measured lung function
Asthma ; Child ; Diagnosis

Studying on arterial blood gas of 50 children with acute asthma and comparing with clinical symptoms showed that there was closely relation between symptoms such as cyanosis, fast breathing, severe breathless, talks in word or phrases with pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2 and HCO3. The stimulations which related closely with hypooxygenemia were PaO2, SaO2 and pH. Tugging respiratory muscle related to changing pH in blood. There was not relation between blood gas indicators and signs such as rapid pulse and wheeze
Asthma ; Child ; Diagnosis

Random study on 56 children with acute respiratory tract infection who were treated at 11 commune health stations of Chuong My, Ha Tay between 5/2003 and 6/2003 showed that the health workers didn’t examine all the danger signs as therapy demands. There were 80% children assessed for stopping feeding well, 76.7% children assessed for convulsion, 83.3% children assessed for stridor in calm, 98% children assessed for lethargic, 44.6% children assessed for severe malnutrition. There were 91% children assessed for fast breathing and 83.9% children assessed for chest indrawing. There are 98.2% children with acute respiratory tract infection were classified appropriated with therapy by health workers, 83.9% children were managed correctly. However, heath workers still overused antibiotics for cases with acute respiratory tract infection (31.5%). Health workers paid more attention to guide mothers how to care children at home
Respiratory Tract Infections ; Therapeutics ; Child