Probiotic preparations of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) have been used by humans to treat and prevent the common forms of diarrhea caused by bacteria and virus, as well as other infections. To develop preparations of B. subtilis as an intranasal form, the authors studied the persistence and the antirhinopharyngitis of B. subtilis given nasally to mice. Substantial numbers of B. subtilis were still present in the nasopharynx 6 days after inoculation. The reduction in bacterial growth was similar to the positive controls. Also a reduced histopathological score was evident in corresponding with treating by ampicillin and prednisolone. Specifically, the authors obtained superior results in mice having administration of a dose of B. subtilis a day before inoculation of S. pneumoniae
Sinusitis ; Bacillus subtilis ; Therapeutics

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious metabolic disease with chronic and acute complications, especially atherosclerosis. The increase of blood homocystein level is obviously related to blood injuries\u2019 in a number of diseases including diabetes. In Vietnam, blood Homocystein in Diabetics has not been comprehensively studied. \r\n', u'Objectives: The study was conducted with two surveyed groups. Determination of blood homocystein concentration in type 2 diabetics in comparison with a group of normal people. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: The study was conducted on a sample of 57 type 2 diabetics according to WHO-2001 standards and a group of 46 normal people. Concentration of blood homocystein was assayed by a competition fluorescence immunoassay, and by other experiments according to normal biochemical methods.\r\n', u'Results: The tHcy concentration in diabetics is 12.19 \xb1 3.47 mmo/L and in the normal group is 7.87 \xb1 2.26 IJmo/L. \r\n', u'Conclusion: The tHcy concentration in the 57 type 2 diabetics group has a statistically increasing mean in comparison with the normal group for both men and women. However, there is no comparative difference in the tHcy concentration of diabetics in gender and age categories. \r\n', u'
Homocystein ; Diabetic

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods: In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results: A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.

Backgroud: The aim of this study is to update on antibiotic resistance of common pathogenical bacteria isolated in Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital (Hue UMP Hospital). Methodology: Use of the agar disk diffusion method to test the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 3709 bacterial strains from infected patients hospitalized in Hue UMP Hospital in 2020 - 2022. Results: Among 3709 strains of pathogenical bacteria isolated, S.aureus was found with the rate of 29.9%, followed by E. coli (24.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginasa (17.8%), Enterococcus spp. (11.8%), Klebsiella spp (9.7%) and Acinetobacter spp (4.1%). The proportion of bacterial isolates has changed, but Staphylococcus aureus is still highest rate. S.aureus is resistant to many antibiotics, but MRSA strains have decreased significantly, from 73.3% in 2020 to 62.5% in 2022. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to some of the group A recommended antibiotics such as ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam with the rate of 56.6% and 48.7%. The percentage of E. coli with ESBL strains (+) was at 28.2% - 30.3%. Enterococus spp strains are still sensitive to vancomycin (83.1% - 91.9%). The rate of Klebsiella ESBL (+) is only 6.9% to 8.2%. The strains of Acinetobacter spp were highly resistant to Piperacillin (100%) and Ceftriaxone (96.5%) but they are still sensitive to imipenems 70 - 71%, highly sensitive to Doxycillin (95.2%) and Cefotaxime (88.4%). Conclusion: Many bacterial strains are resistant to many commonly antibiotics. Providing timely, regular, and effective management of antibiotic resistance patterns for common pathogenic bacteria in hospitals, will help reduce the risk of bacterial resistance.